Wastewater Irrigation in Gujarat - People in Centre Consulting

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Although area irrigated with wastewater is very limited since it is being used only in the fields, where it flows very near to the farms and is not fed with canal water. However, it is to be noted that the main crop is sugarcane, which is very profitable along with paddy whose productivity doubles with wastewater irrigation. The net profit is almost 80 percent of the agricultural expenses, indicating high profitability of irrigating with wastewater. Table 23: Crops and Productivity using Wastewater Irrigation in Surat Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Wheat Fodder Bajra Paddy Wheat Vegetable Paddy Vegetable Cotton Sugarcane Cotton Sugarcane Castor Vegetable Castor Alfa Alfa Alfa Alfa + Vegetables Alfa Alfa The FGD in the Surat also revealed that the agricultural areas are being converted for industrial use, which is reducing the land for agriculture use and was evident in all the villages. Furthermore, the town planning schemes are also in place, which has again resulted in change of land use, thus reducing the land for agriculture use. 40
8 Wastewater Irrigation in Surroundings of Vadodara City Vadodara, the third largest city of Gujarat, has a population of 1,666,703 (2011 Census) and is spread over an area of 148.95 km². The city is located on the banks of River Vishwamitri, in Central Gujarat. Vishwamitri River frequently dries up in the summer, leaving only a small stream of water. The city is located on the fertile plains between the Mahi and Narmada Rivers. History of Sewage farming Sewage farming is being practiced in peri-urban areas of Vadodara since many years. However, the evidence of effluent being used for farming can be traced to construction of the effluent channel project (ECP) in 1983 for treating effluent generated by industries in Vadodara. This channel is 55.6 km long and receives 68.4 MLD of effluent per day. Since untreated effluents are also discharged in this channel illegally, the use of this effluent for agriculture has many public health concerns. The farmers however, continue to use this effluent alongside sewage water available from the city. However, it must be mentioned that the extent of industrial effluent use for irrigation is beyond the scope of this study. Water Supply Situation The current water supply in the city is 401.8 MLD per day as per the details shared by Vadodara Municipal Corporation (VMC). Groundwater at 271.7 is the maximum contributor to the total water supply in the city. Surface water at 130.63 MLD is the second biggest contributor to the city’s supply. There are other multiple water sources including Ajwa Sarovar. The city has a plan of augmenting supply by an additional 75 MLD in coming three years. Sewage Situation As per the data shared by the VMC, the available treatment capacity is 309.5 MLD. Taking the thumb rule of considering 80 percent of water supplied as wastewater generated in a city, the wastewater in the Vadodara comes to 321.44 MLD. This shows that there is a deficit of 11.94 MLD in the city. It needs to be noted that while there is a proposal of augmenting the water supply by 75 MLD in next three years as mentioned above, there is no information available regarding proposals of augmenting the wastewater treatment capacity. Table 24: Sewage Treatment Scenario in Vadodara City Total Water Required supply (MLD) Treatment Capacity Sewage Available Treatment Capacity Deficit/Surplus Vadodara 401.8 321.44 309.5 -11.94 Source: Information from municipal and pollution control officials in Vadodara city 41
Page 2 and 3: This page is intentionally left bla
Page 10 and 11: LIST OF FIGURES Figure.1:.Methodolo
Page 12 and 13: Pollution Control Board (CPCB), sew
Page 14 and 15: which would deprive many households
Page 16 and 17: Identification of Sewage Treatment
Page 18 and 19: chapters also provide the details o
Page 20 and 21: Another cooperative, the ‘Miroli
Page 22 and 23: flowing into it. Along the River, t
Page 24 and 25: The Table 2 provides a snapshot of
Page 26 and 27: Village Net Irrigated Area in Ha Ne
Page 30 and 31: Table 5: Sewage Treatment Scenario
Page 32 and 33: With metered supply of electricity
Page 34 and 35: any drainage. Hence, the major chun
Page 36 and 37: Table 9: Bhuj Area, Receipts and Ca
Page 38 and 39: As per the House listing and Househ
Page 40 and 41: Crops and Productivity It was found
Page 42 and 43: shows that there is a high deficit
Page 44 and 45: Figure 7: Map of Extent of Wastewat
Page 46 and 47: Table 18: Net and Gross Area, Recei
Page 48 and 49: drainage. Hence, the major chunk of
Page 52 and 53: According to the House listing and
Page 54 and 55: Table below provides a snapshot of
Page 56 and 57: Crops and Productivity It was found
Page 58 and 59: Table 28: Comparison of Wastewater
Page 62 and 63: these treatment systems are much lo
Page 64 and 65: 4. Farmers in Bedi village of Rajko
Page 66 and 67: use. These places use wastewater fo
Page 68 and 69: The section below provides the expl
Page 70 and 71: for using wastewater. Hence, suitab
Page 74 and 75: 11. Swarup, D., Dwivedi, S.K. and D
Page 76 and 77: 15. Mr. Gadhavi Assistant, Jaspar G
Page 78: Farmers No. Name of the Farmer Name

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