Wastewater Irrigation in Gujarat - People in Centre Consulting

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Table below provides a snapshot of STPs and other related details. Table 25: STPs and Use of Wastewater for Irrigation in Vadodara Sr. No. Location of STP Capacit y (MLD) Streams where sewage disposed Villages vicinity in Use wastewater 1 Atladra 27 Vishwamitri Kalaki, Talasat, Agriculture 2 Atladra 43 Vishwamitri Chapad, Martha, Agriculture 3 Atladra 43 Vishwamitri Chansad, Vanrama, Karali, Shilhor, Itola, Thekariya, Virpur Agriculture 4 Fatehganj (Sayaji Garden) 8.5 NA Sayaji garden of Vadodara 5 Gajawadi 27 Jambua Talsari, Chiklodara, Gamadi, Alamgir, Khalipur of Located in the heart of the city. Right now, no use, but there are plans to use it for irrigating garden in the city. Agriculture 6 Gajawadi 66 Jambua Agriculture 7 Tarasali 52 Jambua Agriculture 8 Kapurai 43 NA Left in open land as the STP is nonoperational. Not used for irrigation. Total 309.5 Source: Information from municipal officers in Vadodara city and fieldwork, 2012 Area, Receipts and Cash Profit During the field visits, it emerged that 19 villages in Vadodara are using wastewater for irrigation. A total net area of 3,875 ha and a gross area of 5,748 ha is being irrigated using wastewater. The estimated agriculture receipts are around Rs. 33.33 crore with a cash profit of around Rs. 18.78 crore. It was also found that the productivity is 1.5 to 2 times normal irrigated crops. Additionally, no fertilizer is used hence input cost is limited. Due to this, out of the total receipts, the cash profit is 56 percent. 44
Out of 19 villages using wastewater for irrigation, 14 villages sow cotton on an average of 30 percent of total irrigated area. With assured supply of wastewater, BT cotton and high value crops like vegetables have increased. Out of 5748 ha of gross area irrigated with wastewater, 2081 ha is under some or the other fodder crop. This is because fodder has high demand resulting from increased milk demand in urban areas. Wastewater has high nutrient (nitrogen content), which increases growth of the fodder crop significantly, and hence gives higher yields. Additionally, fodder cultivation is suitable for wastewater application. It requires continual irrigation and is tolerant to detergents and other chemicals of cosmetics found in wastewater. However, in the use of wastewater for irrigating fodder, there is an increased risk of heavy metals from industrial effluents getting mixed with domestic sewage entering human systems. Evidence of heavy metal transmission through milk is presented by Swarup et al. (1997). The other issue reported by few farmers in vicinity of Vadodara city using wastewater for irrigation reported of compacting and formation of crust on topsoil. Table 26: Net and Gross Area, Receipts and Cash Profit of Wastewater Irrigated Villages in Vadodara Village Net Irrigated Area in Ha Net WW Irrigated Area in Ha Gross WW Irrigated Area in Ha Agriculture Receipts (Rs. in crore) Alamgir 518 433 823 6.91 3.63 Chikhodra 242 137 137 0.45 0.18 Gamdi 412 154 246 1.14 0.6 Hussepur 286 143 143 1.25 0.72 Itola(part) 373 142 156 0.88 0.54 Kalali 196 98 156 0.96 0.35 Karali 341 170 204 1.19 0.67 Khalipur 408 408 734 3.03 1.62 Khotwada 191 19 31 0.23 0.13 Maretha 273 273 464 2.65 1.52 Medhad 325 118 188 0.92 0.49 Chasad(Part) 635 584 701 3.73 2.19 Chapad (Part) 293 235 375 2.69 1.55 Silihor 350 175 230 1.06 0.66 Talsat 109 77 86 0.52 0.33 Tarsali 318 318 413 1.8 1.13 Thekariya 126 88 114 0.48 0.29 Vanarama 279 140 364 2.63 1.67 Virpur 326 163 183 0.84 0.5 Total 6001 3875 5748 33.33 18.78 Source: Field study, 2012 Cash Profit (Rs. in crore) 45
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Page 10 and 11: LIST OF FIGURES Figure.1:.Methodolo
Page 12 and 13: Pollution Control Board (CPCB), sew
Page 14 and 15: which would deprive many households
Page 16 and 17: Identification of Sewage Treatment
Page 18 and 19: chapters also provide the details o
Page 20 and 21: Another cooperative, the ‘Miroli
Page 22 and 23: flowing into it. Along the River, t
Page 24 and 25: The Table 2 provides a snapshot of
Page 26 and 27: Village Net Irrigated Area in Ha Ne
Page 30 and 31: Table 5: Sewage Treatment Scenario
Page 32 and 33: With metered supply of electricity
Page 34 and 35: any drainage. Hence, the major chun
Page 36 and 37: Table 9: Bhuj Area, Receipts and Ca
Page 38 and 39: As per the House listing and Househ
Page 40 and 41: Crops and Productivity It was found
Page 42 and 43: shows that there is a high deficit
Page 44 and 45: Figure 7: Map of Extent of Wastewat
Page 46 and 47: Table 18: Net and Gross Area, Recei
Page 48 and 49: drainage. Hence, the major chunk of
Page 50 and 51: Although area irrigated with wastew
Page 52 and 53: According to the House listing and
Page 56 and 57: Crops and Productivity It was found
Page 58 and 59: Table 28: Comparison of Wastewater
Page 62 and 63: these treatment systems are much lo
Page 64 and 65: 4. Farmers in Bedi village of Rajko
Page 66 and 67: use. These places use wastewater fo
Page 68 and 69: The section below provides the expl
Page 70 and 71: for using wastewater. Hence, suitab
Page 74 and 75: 11. Swarup, D., Dwivedi, S.K. and D
Page 76 and 77: 15. Mr. Gadhavi Assistant, Jaspar G
Page 78: Farmers No. Name of the Farmer Name
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