Ritual, Myth and Magic in Early Modern Europe - University of Reading

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24 Erasmus, The Apotheosis of Reuchlin Lollard Sermon Of Dead Men: Hell Tarleton, Newes out of Purgatory Thomas More, Supplication of Souls The Map of Hell from Dante; the Island of Purgatory; the Structure of Paradise Scala Coeli: The Way of Perfection Secondary Sources Allmond, P.C., Heaven and Hell in Enlightenment England (Cambridge,1994). Bernstein, A.E., The Formation of Hell : Death and resurrection in the Ancient and Early Christian Worlds (Ithaca & London, 1993). Burgess, C., ‘”A Fond Thing Vainly Invented” : An essay on Purgatory and Pious Motive‘, in Parish, Church and People, ed., S.J.Wright (London, 1988). Burns, N.T., Christian Mortalism from Tyndale to Milton (Cambridge Mass. 1972). Clark, P. and Claydon, T., The Church, the Afterlife and the fate of the soul (Woodbridge, 2009) Delumeau, J., Sin and fear : the emergence of a Western guilt culture, 13th-18th centuries (New York, 1990). Daniell, C., Death and Burial in Medieval England 1066-1550 (London, 1997). Disley, E., ‗Degrees of Glory. Protestant Doctrine and the Concept of Rewards Hereafter‘, Journal of Theological Studies 42 (1991). Duffy, E., The Stripping of the Altars (New Haven, 1993). Houlbrooke, R.A., Death, Religion and the Family in England 1480-1750 (Oxford, 1998). (esp. ch2) Death, Ritual and Bereavement (London, 1989). Hughes, R., Heaven and Hell in Western Art (London, 1968). Ingebretsen, E., Maps of heaven, maps of hell : religious terror as memory from the Puritans to Stephen King (Armonk, 1996). Koslofsky, C., The Reformation of the Dead (Basingstoke, 2000). Le Goff, J., The Birth of Purgatory (London, 1984). Marshall, P., Gordon, B., The Place of the dead : death and remembrance in late medieval and early modern Europe (Cambridge, 2000). Marshall, P., ‗Fear, Purgatory and polemic in Reformation England‘, in Fear in Early Modern Society eds., W.Naphy, P.Roberts (Manchester 1997). McDannell, C., Heaven. A History (New York, 1990). Nalle, S., God in La Mancha. Religious Reform and the People of Cuenca 1500-1650 (Baltimore & London 1992) ch.6 Naphy, W.G., Roberts, P., Fear in Early Modern Society (Manchester, 1997). Walker, D.P., The Decline of Hell (London, 1964) Seminar 7 : Death, dying, and the place of the dead Summary The French historian, Philip Aries, spent the best part of two decades examining the changing attitudes to death in western culture, and seeking to explain how and why attitudes changed. In particular, he focused upon the way in which individuals approached death, or responded to death within their society. We know that conditions in the medieval and early modern period meant that life expectancy was short by modern standards, especially in times of hardship and disease. Therefore
25 people were familiar with death – as Huizinga remarked, the culture of the late middle ages seemed obsessed with death and dying. Aries identified an important trend in the period after 1100, when Christian cultures tended to focus upon the clash between good and evil and the battle for the soul of the individual – hence the kind of graphic representations of death in churches and in art, and the development of literature on the art of dying well, the Ars Moriendi. The scope of Aries‘ research extends into the twentieth century, but it is attitudes to death in the early modern period that we shall focus on in this session, taking some of the ideas expressed by Aries as our starting point. Seminar Preparation Using the source materials and literature on the topic, we shall base our discussion around three main themes. As part of the preparation for this seminar, please identify a few lines of one of the sources for the class to comment on as gobbet practice. (1) the ars moriendi : the art of dying well The final moments of life were considered to be vital in determining the fate of the soul after death – indeed it was often thought that the manner in which an individual died betrayed the final destination of their soul. The church had much advice for this time – not least in terms of the value of deathbed confession and repentance – but there was also a vast volume of literature on the art of dying well, or making a good death. While the notion of the ‗good death‘ had its origins in the middle ages, the ideal of the good death persisted through the early modern period, adapted rather than rejected by the Reformation. But what was a ‗good death‘? How might the individual best prepare for death? Who else might be involved (2) death in early modern culture If we believe John Huizinga, the inhabitants of the later middle ages were more obsessed with death than at any time since. So what role did death play in the culture of early modern Europe? How was death represented and portrayed? Was it to be welcomed or feared? How did death fit in with many of the other customs and rituals of the times that we have spent time looking at over the last few weeks. Did death and the dead have a distinctive place in early modern society? (3) the Reformation of death From our study so far of the impact that the reformation had upon popular culture, and particularly the impact of Protestant reform upon the theology of the afterlife, it might be thought that the Reformation did much to alter the theology of death, and attitudes to death in the early modern period. But should we be more struck by continuities than discontinuities: how much is really changed by the Reformation? On what grounds did Protestants attack traditional belief and practice, and with what effect? Aries suggested that the 18 th century marked the greatest change in attitudes after 1100 – but has the impact of the Reformation been played down?
Page 1 and 2: Module title: Ritual, Myth and Magi
Page 3 and 4: 3 Module title: Ritual, Myth and Ma
Page 5 and 6: 5 Ritual, Myth and Magic in Early M
Page 7 and 8: 7 Course Outline Autumn Term Week O
Page 9 and 10: 9 The Cheese and the Worms Does the
Page 11 and 12: 11 T.Heffernan, Sacred Biography: S
Page 13 and 14: 13 Secondary Reading Burke, P., Pop
Page 15 and 16: 15 Secondary Sources Aston, M., Eng
Page 17 and 18: 17 reinforce the social and legal o
Page 19 and 20: 19 miraculous, and other prodigious
Page 21 and 22: 21 Curry, P., Prophecy and power :
Page 23: 23 D.Watt, Secretaries of God: Wome
Page 27 and 28: 27 that the dead were only too happ
Page 29 and 30: 29 before the Inquisition, and whos
Page 31 and 32: 31 Seminar Preparation We will use
Page 33 and 34: 33 Seminar One: The Malleus Malefic
Page 35 and 36: 35 of explaining why it was that th
Page 37 and 38: 37 and the majority of those who we
Page 39 and 40: 39 Seminar 4 : Magic I - Popular Be
Page 41 and 42: 41 Wear, ‗Religious Beliefs and M
Page 43 and 44: 43 fears, and attitudes to the supe
Page 45 and 46: 45 Read, J., Prelude to Chemistry.

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