Model Independent Search for Deviations from the Standard Model ...

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20 Tevatron and the DØ-Detector Figure 2.5: On the left picture the open detector is shown during the installation of the Inner Tracker. On the right an exterior view can be seen with the scintillation counters of the Muon System building the outer shell [6]. As a consequence this analysis uses only muon momentum information measured with the tracker. The tracker itself consists of two layers: The Silicon Vertex Detector SMT being the closest to the nominal vertex and the Scintillating Fiber Tracker CFT, both displayed in Figure 2.6. The SMT is the high resolution part of the tracking system, enabling secondary vertex measurement, which is important for B-physics and identifying b-jets. Since the collider interaction point is extended in z with σ z ≈ 25 cm, a combination of barrel detectors measuring the coordinates r − ϕ and disk detectors measuring r − z and r − ϕ was chosen. Because of these disk detectors, even particles with large pseudorapidities can have SMT- hits, thus a specic η-coverage is dependent on the amount of required SMT-hits. The barrel detectors consist of 4 layers of 50 and 60.5 µm silicon strips, most of the layers consisting of double-sided detectors for two-coordinate information. Each layer is divided into six segments, 12 cm per segment. All six segments are sealed o by one of the 12 double sided F disks and the six remaining disks are located at each side next to the barrel. Four large diameter single-sided H disks enclose the SMT at |z| = 110 cm and |z| = 120 cm, covering the very forward η-region. To enhance tracking eciency, the CFT, covering the range |η| < 1.62 (with in principle 16 measurement points available), is the second component of the tracker. This yields more hits available for the track reconstruction. The CFT consists of 74, 000 scintillating bers mounted on eight concentric cylinders at radii from 19.5 to 51.5 cm surrounding the silicon vertex detector. The cylinders support a doublet layer of bers and four having a doublet at stereo angles for information on z-coordinates. These bers consist of three materials increasing light trapping and mechanical robustness. The scintillated light is guided by 11 m long ber waveguides to Visible Light Photon Counters, cryogenic photomultipliers with a quantum eciency of ∼ 70% capable of detecting single photons.
2.2. The DØ-Detector 21 Figure 2.6: Schematic view of one quadrant of the Inner Tracking System. The muon-resolution of the tracker can be parameterized as (see [12]): σ( 1 p T ) √ 1 = a 2 · p 2 T (2.1) + b2 p T and σ(p T ) = σ( 1 ) · p 2 T . p T (2.2) Thismeansthattheerrorofthemeasurementincreasesdramaticallyas p T becomeslarger. Parameter a = 0.002 GeV is caused by the limited coordinate resolution; parameter −1 b = 0.03 accounts for the eect of multiple scattering. In order to minimize this error and enable a viable measurement of high p T muons, a combination of SMT and CFT is needed. This conclusion is supported by Figure 2.7 where the relative error of the sagitta (∼ 1/p T ) measurement as a function of p T is plotted (W → µν Monte Carlo events). One can easily identify two straight lines with two dierent slopes, the slope corresponding to the parameter a. The one with the bigger slope corresponds to tracks reconstructed by CFT-only hits, the other one to tracks including ≥ 3 SMT-hits. This illustrates that the SMT-detector has to be used to achieve adequate momentum resolution. 2.2.2 The Calorimeter No modications to the core of the original Run I uranium liquid-argon calorimeter itself were made for Run II, but the readout electronics were replaced, the Central/Forward Preshower Detector was designed and the readout phototubes of the Intercryostat Detector (ICD) were moved outside the magnetic eld. The Central Preshower Detector is placed in the gap between the solenoid coil and the central calorimeter cryostat and covers a region of |η| < 1.2. It is designed to aid electron identication by making precision position measurements, support triggering and to correct electromagnetic energy for the inevitable showering eects of the solenoid. Together
Page 1: Model Independent Search for Deviat
Page 4 and 5: Contents 4 The Data Sample and Obje
Page 7 and 8: Introduction Science attempts to de
Page 10 and 11: 4 The Theoretical Foundations 1.1.2
Page 12 and 13: 6 The Theoretical Foundations e - e
Page 14 and 15: 8 The Theoretical Foundations Figur
Page 16 and 17: 10 The Theoretical Foundations Figu
Page 18 and 19: 12 The Theoretical Foundations 1.3
Page 20 and 21: 14 The Theoretical Foundations cont
Page 22 and 23: 16 Tevatron and the DØ-Detector Fi
Page 24 and 25: 18 Tevatron and the DØ-Detector Fi
Page 28 and 29: 22 Tevatron and the DØ-Detector 1/
Page 30 and 31: 24 Tevatron and the DØ-Detector 2.
Page 32 and 33: 26 Tevatron and the DØ-Detector of
Page 35 and 36: Chapter 3 The Concept of Model Inde
Page 37 and 38: 3.2. Concept 31 viations from SM. T
Page 39: 3.2. Concept 33 cal problem as many
Page 42 and 43: 36 The Data Sample and Object Ident
Page 50 and 51: muon_trackchi_pt_py Entries 5727 mu
Page 54 and 55: jet_eta_phi_px Entries 29768 Mean j
Page 57 and 58: Chapter 5 Monte Carlo Samples 5.1 M
Page 59 and 60: 5.1. MC Generator 53 Figure 5.3: Sc
Page 61 and 62: 5.2. SM-Processes 55 SM-process (M
Page 63 and 64: 5.3. Energy Scale and Smearing 57 J
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70 General Data↔MonteCarlo Compar
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90 Search Algorithm oer sucient sen
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92 Search Algorithm probability 0.0
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94 Search Algorithm 7.2.2 The Princ
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Chapter 8 Systematic Uncertainties
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8.3. QCD-Background 99 Whendicingda
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8.5. Smearing 101 Here N j i (σ+ )
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8.6. Summary of the Different Contr
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106 Results and Interpretation Figu
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108 Results and Interpretation Even
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112 Results and Interpretation Anat
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114 Results and Interpretation To c
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116 Results and Interpretation Resu
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120 Results and Interpretation Even
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Chapter 10 Conclusion In this diplo
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Appendix A Trigger Denitions Electr
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131 Muon-triggers for lists up to v
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134 Bibliography [19] A. Aktas et a
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Acknowledgements So, the end is nea
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