eLibrary Elementary Teacher Mini-Research Guide - ProQuest

eLibrary Elementary 

Teacher Mini-Research Guide 

? 

Helps Teachers to Use Information Literacy Strategies to 

Increase Student Achievement in Essential Skills 

And also to meet 

Includes: 

State & National Academic Standards 

National Information Literacy Standards (AASL) 

National Technology Standards for Students Teachers (ISTE) 

No Child Left Behind Title I and II Priorities 

ProQuest Model BookCart collection to get teachers and students started on mini-research activities (NEW) 

BookCart Editor for teachers and librarians to create custom BookCart learning resources for students 

Standards searching to ensure easy access to learning resources directly correlated to state standards (NEW) 

Lexile searching to collect targeted resources to meet the reading level needs of students 

Spell Check to increase student searching success and reduce frustration (NEW) 

Dewey Classification correlation for curriculum topics to help integrate print with digital resources (NEW) 

©ProQuest Information & Learning (May be reproduced for education purposes only) January 2005

Table of Contents 

About the Teacher Mini-Research Guide 1 

eLibrary Elementary Teacher and Student Tools 2 

Lexile Reading Scores Correlated to Grade Levels 2 

eLibrary Elementary Content for Teaching and Learning 3 

Dewey Classification System Correlated to eLibrary Elementary Topic Tree Websites 4 

eLibrary Elementary, Research Activities, and Student Achievement 5 

Essential Skills, State Standards, and Research Activities 8 

ProQuest Model BookCart Collection for Elementary and Middle Schools 10 

Research Activities and Resources Organized by Popular K-6 Curriculum Topics 

Animals and Pets 11 

Archaeology and Historic Sites 12 

Architecture, Famous Buildings, and Engineering 12 

Birds 13 

Biographies of Famous People 13 

Camping and Outdoor Recreation 14 

Children’s Literature 15 

Countries of the World 15 

Current Events 16 

Dinosaurs and Fossils 16 

Economics and Business 17 

Energy Sources 18 

Ethnic, Cultural, and Religious Heritage 18 

Environment and Conservation 19 

Fish and Sea Creatures 20 

Folklore and Mythology 20 

Food and Nutrition 21 

Gardening and Horticulture 21 

Geography and Map Skills 22 

Government and Politics 23 

Healthy Living 24 

History—American 24 

History—World 25 

Hobbies, Crafts, and Games 25 

Holidays 26 

Human Body 27 

Insects and Bugs 28 

Military History 28 

Music and Entertainment 29 

Natural Disasters 30 

Plant Life and Botany 30 

Poetry 31 

Presidents 32 

Safety and First Aid 32 

Technology and Invention 33 

Space Exploration and Astronomy 34 

Sports and Athletes 34 

States of the United States 35 

January 2005 Page 1

ProQuest Information & Learning 

eLibrary Elementary Teacher Guide 

Visual Arts 35 

Weather 36 

Ideas for Student Projects 37 

ProQuest Mini-Research Strategies for Critical Thinking 39 

Bloom’s Taxonomy of Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) 41 

Brainstorming and Graphic Organizers for Research Activities 42 

Big6 and the ProQuest Mini-Research Process 44 

eLibrary Elementary vs. Google and Other Web Surfing 45 

National Information Literacy Standards and National Educational Technology Standards 46 

Essential Questions Mini-Research Model for Upper Elementary Students 47 

January 2005 Page 2

About the Teacher Mini-Research Guide for eLibrary Elementary 

The eLibrary Elementary Teacher Mini-Research Guide is designed to support teachers and librarians in 

teaching the strategies and skills of digital information literacy. Digital information literacy integrates 

technology literacy and skills with information literacy skills, language arts skills, and critical thinking. 

These are the emerging skills of the 21 st Century and are already playing a major role in secondary 

education, colleges, and in careers. Digital information literacy includes critical reading, analyzing, 

organizing, synthesizing information, and then writing/reporting conclusions based on original thought. 

These are the essential skills being tested by states and integrated into all state standards. 

Dewey Decimal Classification System--In addition, the guide provides librarians and teachers with a 

collection of eLibrary resources organized around major curriculum topics that are taught in elementary 

school. To help librarians and teachers to integrate non-fiction print resources as well, each topic is 

correlated to the Dewey Decimal Classification System. 

The Colorado and Iowa Studies—These scientific formal studies (and seven others) have proven that 

when librarians and teachers work together to design engaging inquiry-based learning activities, student 

achievement in reading, writing, and critical thinking increases. eLibrary Elementary content and teacher 

and student tools are designed to help this essential collaboration to take place more effectively because 

they leverage the power and benefits of computers, the Internet and quality digital information. No 

traditional school library can provide the winning combination of on-demand home and school access to 

the quality and quantity of learning and teaching information that is provided by eLibrary Elementary. 

http://www.proquestk12.com/funding.shtml (Studies are part of the Librarian Funding Guide) 

Unique Tools to Increase Teacher Effectiveness—eLibrary teacher tools are designed to help teachers 

and librarians to be more effective in creating and supporting inquiry-based learning activities that 

integrate curriculum content with state standards and essential skills: 

1. Lexile reading score searches and sorts help teachers to create custom BookCarts that target 

student reading needs. (http://www.proquestk12.com/lsm/sirs/downloads/Lexiles_Overview.ppt). 

2. ProQuest model BookCart collection contains more than 60 professionally created BookCarts 

that address the needs of the elementary and middle school curriculums and research topics. 

http://www.proquestk12.com/pic/downloads/eLibModelBookcarts.xls (Model BookCart List) 

http://www.proquestk12.com/demo/PQBC_CopyingDemo.viewlet/PQBC_CopyingDemo_viewle 

t_swf.html (Multimedia demo on how to copy them to your local collection) 

http://elibrary.bigchalk.com/k6/teacher (Teacher Edition with BookCart Editor) 

3. eLibrary Elementary content includes more than 40 publications that are created specifically for 

the reading needs, interests, and curriculum support of students in K-6. Any of these can be 

printed and copied for classroom activities and reading development 

4. Standards Searching helps teachers and librarians to automatically access and collect learning 

resources that are correlated to their state standards. To do this, access the Teacher Edition: of 

eLibrary Elementary at http://elibrary.bigchalk.com/k6/teacher 

5. Thousands of photos, picture, maps, and multimedia resources support the learning needs and 

understanding of students who need visual support because they have not yet developed their 

verbal skills to a high level 

January 2005 Page 1



eLibrary Elementary Tools for Learning and Teaching 

Student Tools to Increase Achievement 

Teacher Tools to Increase Effectiveness 

Spell Check to increase relevancy and reduce ProQuest created collection of BookCarts and 

frustration 

curriculum guides to copy and use 

To the Best Part to save class and library time BookCart Editor to create custom librarian and 

when browsing 

teacher BookCarts 

BookCarts to ensure a variety of targeted learning Lexile reading scores to adjust content to student 

resources and save class and library time 

reading levels 

Reference tool to increase understanding and SBLAs—collection of traditional lesson plans with 

interest 

integrated research component 

Topic Tree search is organized by categories that Online and in-person training for teachers and 

correlate to the most often taught curriculum topics librarians in functionality 

Sort Results By ensures most current results and Standards Searching to build standards-based 

more appropriate Lexile reading level articles custom BookCarts 

My List for efficient saving, printing, and emailing Professional Development Program to teach 

articles to home computer 

digital information literacy strategies and skills 

One-step access to 8 media types including ageappropriate 

websites 

reading materials for classroom activities 

K-6 appropriate magazines to browse and print 

Home, school , or Community Center access Dewey correlations to support integration of 

print resources into research activities 

Convenience--Work from home or school 

How Do Grade Levels and Lexile Levels Correlate? 

Lexile measures do not translate specifically to grade levels. Within any classroom, there will be a range 

of readers and a range of materials to be read. Lexiles track a student’s reading progress over time, no 

matter what grade they are in. 

The educational levels displayed on the Lexile Map indicate approximately the middle 50 percent of 

materials found in a typical grade-level classroom (see Figure 1, below). For example, the instructional 

materials typically found in a third-grade classroom range from about 500L to 700L. 

Grade 

Reader Measures 

(Interquartile Range, Mid-Year) 

Text Measures 

(from the Lexile Map) 

1 Up to 300L 200L to 400L 

2 140L to 500L 300L to 500L 

3 330L to 700L 500L to 700L 

4 445L to 810L 650L to 850L 

5 565L to 910L 750L to 950L 

6 665L to 1000L 850L to 1050L 

7 735L to 1065L 950L to 1075L 

8 805L to 1100L 1000L to 1100L 

9 855L to 1165L 1050L to 1150L 

10 905L to 1195L 1100L to 1200L 

11 and 12 940L to 1210L 1100L to 1300L 

January 2005 Page 2



eLibrary Elementary Content for Teaching and Learning 

Media Types (8) 

Best Use for This Learning Resource 

Magazines (42) 

Children’s literature—fiction genres and non-fiction articles of interest to print 

and copy for classroom activities 

Newspapers (10) 

Current events—print and copy for classroom use 

Books (125) 

Encyclopedias, almanacs, dictionaries, and other references—factual 

information for understanding more about curriculum topics 

Maps (5300) 

Print and copy for classroom activities 

Photos (400 K) 

Student and teachers copy/paste into multimedia reports and presentations 

Multimedia (100s of hours) Student and teachers copy/paste into multimedia reports and presentations 

Transcripts (9 News Shows) Current events and interviews of celebrities in the news 

Editor’s Choice Websites (30 K) Visual and interactive learning especially with a projection device 

Samples of eLibrary Elementary Publications Focused on Elementary and Middle School Students 

Books 

Magazines 

Britannica Elementary Encyclopedia 

Ask 

Britannica Intermediate Encyclopedia 

Boys' Life 

The Lincoln Library of Sports Champions 

Calliope 

The Multicultural Cookbook For Students 

Child Life 

The World Almanac for Kids 2004 

Children's Digest 

Young Students Learning Library 

Children's Playmate Magazine 

DK Eyewitness Arms and Armor 

Click 

DK Eyewitness Astronomy 

Cobblestone 

DK Eyewitness Early Humans 

Current Events 

DK Eyewitness Fossil 

Current Health 1 

DK Eyewitness Hurricane 

Current Science 

DK Eyewitness Insect 

Faces 

DK Eyewitness Invention 

Highlights for Children 

DK Eyewitness Mammal 

The Horn Book Magazine 

DK Eyewitness Music 

Humpty Dumpty's Magazine 

DK Eyewitness Ocean 

Jack & Jill 

DK Eyewitness Olympics 

Know Your World Extra 

DK Eyewitness Pirate 

Muse 

DK Eyewitness Plant 

National Geographic Kids 

DK Eyewitness Rock and Mineral 

Odyssey 

DK Eyewitness Seashore 

Popular Science 

DK Eyewitness Shark 

Ranger Rick 

DK Eyewitness Shipwreck 

Read 

DK Eyewitness Skeleton 

Skipping Stones 

DK Eyewitness Space Exploration 

Sports Illustrated For Kids 

American Business Leaders 

Time for Kids 

American Cultural Leaders 

Turtle Magazine for Preschool Kids 

American Military Leaders 

U.S. Kids 

American Political Leaders 

American Science Leaders 

Photos 

American Social Leaders 

Art Resource Images 

Earth Life Forms 

Earth Life Forms - Animals 

January 2005 Page 3



Dewey Classification System Correlation to eLibrary Topic Tree Searching 

Today, librarians and teachers in grades K-8 generally rely more on print resources for student learning than 

on digital resources, than do students in high school and college. To help librarians, teachers, and students to 

integrate print resources with their use of eLibrary Elementary, ProQuest is providing a new tool to correlate 

Dewey numbers (DDC) to the Topic Tree paths and special features in eLibrary Elementary. Librarians can 

print this page and make copies for students and teachers so that they can rely on a combination of digital and 

print resources that the library has to offer. 

Topic Tree Path Dewey Equivalent Number DDC Classification 

Arts & Crafts 

740--770 Drawing/Painting/Graphic Arts, 

Photography, 780 Music 

Fine Arts and Recreation 

Famous People (Biography) 920 Biography and Genealogy History and Geography 

Business 330 Economics, 381 Commerce Social Science 

Communications & Media 

384 Communications 

652 Processes of written communication 

Social Science 

Technology 

Current Events 050 Magazines, 070 News Media General Works 

English Language Arts 

400 Language, 410 Linguistics, 

421 English writing system & phonology 

811English Language Literature 

Language 

Literature 

Government 320 Political Science, 340 Law Social Studies 

Great Thinkers 920 Biography and Genealogy History and Geography 

Languages 400 Language Language 

Law 340 Law Social Science 

Mathematics 510 Mathematics Natural Science 

Reading (Variety of Genres) 

811English Language Literature 

100--900 Engaging Literature & Activities 

Literature 

Many DDC Categories 

Reference 030 Encyclopedias General Works 

Regional Studies (Countries) 

Religion and Mythology 

Science 

(Animals and Pets) 

(Health and Medicine) 

(Environment) 

Social Studies 

(World Cultures) 

(Social Problems) 

930—990 History of Countries by Continent 

910--Geography 

390 Customs and Folklore 

210 Philosophy and Theory of Religion 

500—590 All Sciences, 570 Biology, 

590—Zoology (Animals), 636 Pets 

600—630 Technology, 610 Medicine/Health, 

Engineering, and Agriculture 

300 Sociology and Anthropology, 

320 Political Science, 340 Law, 

360 Social Problems, 390 Customs 

History and Geography 

Social Sciences 

Religion 

Natural Science 

Applied Science and Tech 

Social Sciences 

Sports & Gym 790 Sports, Games, and Entertainment Fine Arts and Recreation 

Technology 

600—630 Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, 

000 Computer Science 

Applied Science and Tech 

General Works 

U. S. History 973 United States History and Geography 

World History 930—990 History of Countries by Continent History and Geography 

January 2005 Page 4



eLibrary Elementary, Mini-Research Activities, and Student Achievement 

What does educational research indicate about the impact of well designed mini-research activities using 

eLibrary Elementary? The following list of statements summarizes some of what we know works in the 

classroom and what we know about how students learn: 

Students learn better when information is applied through activities that integrate higher-order 

thinking skills. 

The ProQuest Mini-Research process focuses teachers and students on higher-order thinking skills. 

Instead of “who, what, when, where” research, students are motivated by “how, why, why not, and what 

if” research, which integrate Bloom’s taxonomy of higher order thinking skills (see upcoming exhibit). 

Students learn better when appropriate visuals are integrated with information. 

Most learners are visual learners. With ELibrary Elementary, teachers and students access graphics and 

websites that provide the visual reinforcement that doubles their opportunity to understand and retain 

the information and concepts being studied. They can also use the graphics in their reports and 

presentations. 

Students learn better when a variety of activities and assessments are part of the learning 

experience. 

Research shows that students have multiple learning styles and need multiple ways of learning and 

expressing their knowledge and opinions. Research activities provide the opportunity for students to 

demonstrate what they know through writing, oral reports, or PowerPoint presentations. Research 

activities can be organized collaboratively so that students learn to work together and, when managed 

properly, can also learn from each other through questioning and response. 

Students learn better when they have an opportunity to construct knowledge from information 

related to a relevant issue. 

Information is not knowledge. Research shows that information must be analyzed, organized, and 

synthesized into personal knowledge through motivating and authentic learning activities such as 

researching information on issues that are relevant to a student’s life and experiences. ProQuest miniresearch 

strategies included in this guide provide the foundation to help teachers create these higher-order 

thinking activities. 

Students learn to read and write better when reading and writing activities are related and 

integrated. 

Reading and writing are symbiotic—they reinforce each other when done together. These essential 

language arts skills can be integrated effectively using ongoing mini-research activities. These activities 

also help build knowledge and understanding in the core curriculum content subjects, and address state 

standards. Integrated Reference Desk resources provide the opportunity to get feedback on troublesome 

words that may interfere with understanding, or on words that invite interesting personal sidebars for 

learning. 

Students learn to write better when they are asked to present “reasoned opinions” or defend/refute 

a position on issues that are relevant to them. 

January 2005 Page 5



Writing can be creative—stories, poems, etc., or can be informative and persuasive. Mini-Research 

activities provide an opportunity for students to do the latter and, using critical thinking skills, present 

“reasoned opinions.” The ability to form “reasoned opinions” and solve problems using relevant and 

accurate information is essential for lifelong learning and for student success in future education, careers, 

and life. State testing in reading focuses on non-fiction informative and/or persuasive type reading 

and writing. 

Students learn better when TIME ON TASK is increased and not wasted in unessential activities. 

eLibrary Elementary provides only those learning resources that specifically address K-8 curriculum 

and standards. Students can access this information from home or at school. Time and the frustration of 

searching in multiple places is minimized, conserving time and energy for reading, writing, and higherorder 

thinking. 

Students learn better when parents are involved with their school and homework. 

Home access helps parents to get involved with research learning activities, whether assigned or 

motivated by extra credit opportunities. Teacher and librarians can create BookCarts and they can copy 

from the ProQuest collection of more than 50 BookCarts created for elementary and middle school 

students. These BookCarts are accessible from home or in school. BookCarts provided a way for student 

enrichment or remediation and provide an excellent strategy to help students who are absent from 

school for a variety of reasons. After teacher quality, parental involvement in student learning is the 

next most important factor used to predict student achievement. 

Students learn better when they have access to a variety of world-class resources. 

Teachers and librarians have always tried to enrich textbook teaching with a variety of additional 

resources for in-depth learning. Unfortunately, not all students and teachers are fortunate enough to 

attend schools with excellent libraries and classroom learning resources. eLibrary Elementary provides 

this learning enrichment opportunity for all schools, many of which may lack all but the most meager 

resources and sometimes even textbooks. eLibrary Elementary--with home access--is today’s digital 

equivalent to the benefits provided to students by parents in earlier generation when they invested in the 

traditional family encyclopedia. 

Students learn better when they have easy access to engaging information and visuals that are 

correlated to their interests, reading levels, and school curriculum. 

Teacher BookCarts provide an excellent way to customize information to student reading levels, their 

interest, and to state standards. BookCarts are accessible from home or in school and demonstrate to 

parents that teachers are providing the best learning resources for their children. Students who are absent 

from school for a variety of reasons can benefit from BookCart-based assignments. 

January 2005 Page 6



Mini-Research Activities and Student Achievement 

Scientific research on “what works in the classroom” has identified many learning activities that help to increase student 

achievement. One of those activities is student mini-research on engaging current issues. Through technology and the 

Internet, it is possible for this type of successful traditional learning activity to occur more frequently than in the past 

through “the mini-research design,” therefore its benefits are multiplied. These benefits include the essential skills of 

critical reading, expository and persuasive writing, and higher-order thinking skills. These skills are the heart of state 

standards and the accompanying state assessments that measure student achievement. ProQuest mini-research integrated 

with the content and features of ELibrary Elementary provide the strategies, models, and research topic ideas to motivate 

and prepare teachers to integrate more of these activities into their classrooms. 

Because of the focused relevance of media content and ease of use features of eLibrary Elementary, valuable time saved 

in the lesser skill of searching can now be invested in the essential skills mentioned above. BookCarts and Lexile reading 

levels help teachers customize learning resources for their students. Remote access provides opportunities for parental 

support and homework that extends these proven learning activities begun in the classroom. 

* Scientific Research Support for Student Research Activities 

Students Learn Better When They . . . . . . 

* http://www.proquestk12.com/lsm/pqelib/pdfs/SBReLibTeacherTraining.pdf 

1. Have teachers customize learning materials by reading levels and interest 

(students must be interested in topics, activities, and be able to understand the 

reading materials/articles) 

2. Have daily access to visual and multimedia content as well as verbal information 

(most learners have a visual learning styles) 

3. Are involved in solving problems relevant to their community and world 

(permanent learning only occurs when information is socially relevant) 

4. Have daily access to current information in the topic of study (learning in context 

of the learner’s world increases permanent memory) 

5. Have to defend their opinions on relevant issues with facts (information can be 

constructed into permanent knowledge through engaging inquiry-based activities) 

6. Integrate reading with writing in an activity that focuses on questions of how, 

why, why not, and what if. (higher-order thinking results in greater learning) 

7. Integrate reading and writing in the same activity (both reading and writing are 

learned more effectively when taught together rather than separately) 

8. Demonstrating the results of their work and ideas to peers or others (peer review 

provides the motivation that is essential to learning, ) 

9. Collaborate with others to solve a problem or defend an opinion (collaboration 

and communication provides essential feedback to test learner ideas and 

concepts) 

10. Investigate topics in depth (in depth learning provides greater retention of ideas; 

surface learning of facts is temporary) 

11. Learn by doing (application of facts and concepts through activity results in 

increased learning) 

12. Can easily explore other topics related to the current lesson or theme (the brain 

processes information through patterns and associations) 

13. Can learn anytime and anywhere (learning is more efficient when students are 

ready to learn) 

14. Integrate time-saving technology tools into their learning process to eliminate 

distractions (time on task is vital for greater retention of information) 

15. Access learning resources at home and at school (parental involvement and 

meaningful homework are essential in successful learning) 

Teacher + 

Textbook 

Learning 

Teacher + 

Textbook+ 

eLibElem + 

BookCarts 

? Yes 

No 

Yes 

? Yes 

No 

Yes 

? Yes 

? Yes 

? Yes 

? Yes 

? Yes 

? Yes 

? Yes 

Yes = 2 Points; ? = 1 Point; No = 0 Points Total Learning Advantages 9 30 

No 

No 

No 

No 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

January 2005 Page 7



Essential Skills, State Standards Correlation, and Research Activities 

State Standards correlations and searching in eLibrary Elementary are designed to align eLibrary 

resources to state content standards in the core curriculum. However, most state assessment focus on 

the essential skills state standards of inferential reading, writing, and critical thinking. These are the 

skills that empower students to learn the core curriculum content. Without these skills, students become 

disadvantaged learners and later, 2 nd class citizens and wage earners. That is why the No Child Left 

Behind testing and accountability puts so much emphasis on essential skills. 

ProQuest mini-research strategies and methods integrate digital information literacy to help build 

these essential skills. Here is a sampling of state standards in English Language Arts from 

www.mcrel.org that correlate to the mini-research process: 

Topic: Applying technology 

Standard 1. Uses the general skills and strategies of the writing process (Grades 3-5) 

Benchmark 3. Editing and Publishing: Uses strategies to edit and publish written work (e.g., edits for 

grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling at a developmentally appropriate level; uses reference 

materials; considers page format [paragraphs, margins, indentations, titles]; selects presentation format 

according to purpose; incorporates photos, illustrations, charts, and graphs; uses available technology to 

compose and publish work) 

Knowledge/skill statements 

18. Uses technology to compose work 

19. Uses technology to publish work 

Topic: Writing research papers (Grades 3-5) 

Standard 4. Gathers and uses information for research purposes (Grades 3-5) 

Benchmark 1. Uses a variety of strategies to plan research (e.g., identifies possible topic by brainstorming, 

listing questions, using idea webs; organizes prior knowledge about a topic; develops a course of action; 

determines how to locate necessary information) 


1. Determines how to locate necessary information 

2. Identifies possible topics by brainstorming, using idea webs, and listing questions 

5. Organizes prior knowledge about topic 

6. Develops a course of action 

Benchmark 7. Uses strategies to gather and record information for research topics (e.g., uses notes, maps, 

charts, graphs, tables, and other graphic organizers; paraphrases and summarizes information; gathers 

direct quotes; provides narrative descriptions) 


1. Uses strategies to gather and record information for research topics 

4. Uses maps, charts, graphs, and tables to record information 

8. Uses graphic organizers to record information 

9. Paraphrases information 

10. Summarizes information 

11. Gathers direct quotes 

12. Provides narrative descriptions 

January 2005 Page 8



Benchmark 8. Uses strategies to compile information into written reports or summaries (e.g., incorporates 

notes into a finished product; includes simple facts, details, explanations, and examples; draws 

conclusions from relationships and patterns that emerge from data from different sources; uses 

appropriate visual aids and media) 


1. Uses strategies to compile information into written summaries and reports 

3. Incorporates notes into finished product 

4. Includes simple facts, details, examples, and explanations in research reports 

8. Draws conclusions from relationships that emerge from data from different sources 

9. Draws conclusions from patterns that emerge from data from different sources 

Benchmark 9. Cites information sources (e.g., quotes or paraphrases information sources, lists resources 

used by title) 


1. Lists resources used by title 

2. Quotes information sources 

3. Paraphrases information 

Topic: Informative writing (Grades 3-5) 

Standard 1. Uses the general skills and strategies of the writing process 

Benchmark 7. Writes expository compositions (e.g., identifies and stays on the topic; develops the topic 

with simple facts, details, examples, and explanations; excludes extraneous and inappropriate 

information; uses structures such as cause-and-effect, chronology, similarities and differences; uses 

several sources of information; provides a concluding statement) 


1. Identifies the topic for writing 

3. Develops the topic with simple facts, details, and explanations 

7. Provides a concluding statement 

8. Excludes extraneous and inappropriate information 

9. Excludes inappropriate information 

11. Uses cause-and-effect structures 

12. Uses chronology, similarities, and differences to structure writing 

15. Uses several sources of information 

Topic: Critical Reading (Grades 4-8) 

Benchmark 2. Understands the content of ability-appropriate primary sources on familiar topics (e.g., 

personal letters, pamphlets, illustrated newspaper and magazine articles, advertisements) 


3. Understands the content of ability-appropriate illustrated newspapers and magazines 

Benchmark 6. Uses context clues (e.g., known language, diagrams, text features, graphics) to decode 

unfamiliar words and phrases in complex messages or texts 


1. Uses context clues to decode unfamiliar words and phrases in complex messages or texts 

5. Uses graphics to decode unfamiliar words and phrases in complex messages or texts 

Benchmark 7. Understands the main ideas, themes, principal characters, and significant details of abilityappropriate 

authentic literature (e.g., narratives, shorts stories, poems, plays) 

January 2005 Page 9



ProQuest Model BookCart Collection (K-8) to Copy to Your Library Site 

BookCart Title (210+) Curriculum Area Author Grade Levels 

21st Century Literacy Skills Professional Development PQ BookCart All 

NCLB--Implications for All Schools Professional Development PQ BookCart All 

Professional Development and Teacher Standards Professional Development PQ BookCart All 

State Academic Standards and Testing Professional Development PQ BookCart All 

Technology Integration and Education Reform Professional Development PQ BookCart All 

Folklore, Fables, and Fairy Tales English Language Arts PQ BookCart Elementary 

Global Warming CA Reading List--LexileElem English Language Arts PQ BookCart Elementary 

Dr. Seuss Celebration Language Arts PQ BookCart Elementary 

World Mythology, Gods & Godesses Language Arts/World History PQ BookCart Elementary 

Pets -- Reading Interest Collection Reading/Life Science PQ BookCart Elementary 

Ecosystems Around the World Science--Earth/Space PQ BookCart Elementary 

Space Exploration Science--Earth/Space PQ BookCart Elementary 

Volcanoes Science--Earth/Space PQ BookCart Elementary 

Weather Systems and Patterns Science--Earth/Space PQ BookCart Elementary 

Tropical Rainforests (EL or MS) Science--Environmental PQ BookCart Elementary 

Largest Animals in the World Science--Life PQ BookCart Elementary 

Electricity and Magnetism Science--Physical PQ BookCart Elementary 

Inventions and Inventors Science--Technology PQ BookCart Elementary 

History of Money SocStudies--Economics PQ BookCart Elementary 

California Gold Rush U. S. History PQ BookCart Elementary 

Native American History and Heroes (EL or MS) U. S. History PQ BookCart Elementary 

7 Wonders of the Ancient World (EL or MS) World History PQ BookCart Elementary 

Artists of Pennsylvania Arts & Humanities PQ BookCart Middle 

California Middle School Reading List Support Resources English Language Arts PQ BookCart Middle 

ED12--Future of Traditional Libraries (MS/HS) English Language Arts PQ BookCart Middle 

ED14--Student Plagiarism (MS/HS) English Language Arts PQ BookCart Middle 

Poetry Power English Language Arts PQ BookCart Middle 

Writing Poetry English Language Arts PQ BookCart Middle 

Families, Day Care, and Welfare Reform Family & Consumer Science PQ BookCart Middle 

CR03--Emotional Violence, Harassment and Bullying (MS/HS) Health PQ BookCart Middle 

Healthy Food Choices and Junk Food Health PQ BookCart Middle 

HM02--Food Safety and Preservation (MS/HS) Health PQ BookCart Middle 

HM05--Healthy Food Choices and Junk Food (MS/HS) Health PQ BookCart Middle 

HM06--Obesity in Children (MS/HS) Health PQ BookCart Middle 

HM07--Dietary Supplements (MS/HS) Health PQ BookCart Middle 

HM11--Exercise and Health (MS/HS) Health PQ BookCart Middle 

Math Info, Games, and Puzzles Math PQ BookCart Middle 

Aviation History Science--Earth/Space PQ BookCart Middle 

Earthquakes--Prediction and Precaution Science--Earth/Space PQ BookCart Middle 

Endangered Species and the Environment Science--Earth/Space PQ BookCart Middle 

Ice Age and Climate Changes Science--Earth/Space PQ BookCart Middle 

Mars and Space Exploration Science--Earth/Space PQ BookCart Middle 

Our National Parks Science--Earth/Space PQ BookCart Middle 

Solar System and the Universe Science--Earth/Space PQ BookCart Middle 

ST06--Extraterrestrial Life (MS/HS) Science--Earth/Space PQ BookCart Middle 

ST13--Marine Exploration (MS/HS) Science--Earth/Space PQ BookCart Middle 

EN03--Global Warming (MS/HS) Science--Environmental PQ BookCart Middle 

EN04--Clean Water Supply (MS/HS) Science--Environmental PQ BookCart Middle 

Global Warming Science--Environmental PQ BookCart Middle 

Global Warming Reading List--LexileMS Science--Environmental PQ BookCart Middle 

ST08--Alternative Energy Sources (MS/HS) Science--Environmental PQ BookCart Middle 

Butterflies of North America Science--Life PQ BookCart Middle 

EN01--Extinction of the Dinosaurs (MS/HS) Science--Life PQ BookCart Middle 

Human Genome and Genetic Testing Science--Life PQ BookCart Middle 

Mendel, Heredity and Genes Science--Life PQ BookCart Middle 

SBLA Family Pet Science--Life PQ BookCart Middle 

ST09--Agricultural Revolution (MS/HS) Science--Life PQ BookCart Middle 

Buoyancy Concepts for Boats and Blimps Science--Physical PQ BookCart Middle 

Newton's Laws of Force and Motion Science--Physical PQ BookCart Middle 

SBLA Row, Row, Row Your Boat Science--Physical PQ BookCart Middle 

SBLA Scooting Along Science--Physical PQ BookCart Middle 

ED11--eBooks (MS/HS) Science--Technology PQ BookCart Middle 

Impact of Immigration and Migration on Texas Economy SocStudies--Economics PQ BookCart Middle 

Legalized Gambling and State Revenues SocStudies--Economics PQ BookCart Middle 

Antarctic Exploration SocStudies--Geography PQ BookCart Middle 

Pennsylvania Geographic Attractions SocStudies--Geography PQ BookCart Middle 

CR02--Pledge of Allegiance (MS/HS) SocStudies--Government PQ BookCart Middle 

CR09--Copyright and Personal Use of Internet Music/Media (MS/HSocStudies--Government PQ BookCart Middle 

CR14--Animal Rights and Cruelty to Animals (MS/HS) SocStudies--Government PQ BookCart Middle 

CR19--Sportsmanship in Professional Sports (MS/HS) SocStudies--Government PQ BookCart Middle 

ED06--School Uniforms (MS/HS) SocStudies--Government PQ BookCart Middle 

ED20--Student Use of Cell Phones in Schools (MS/HS) SocStudies--Government PQ BookCart Middle 

SS03--Alternative Schools for Disruptive Students (MS/HS) SocStudies--Government PQ BookCart Middle 

Hispanic Heritage Month (MS or HS) SocStudies--History & Culture PQ BookCart Middle 

Black History Month U. S. History PQ BookCart Middle 

Black History Topics (MS/HS) U. S. History PQ BookCart Middle 

Civil War Naval Battles U. S. History PQ BookCart Middle 

Illegal Aliens and Their Rights U. S. History PQ BookCart Middle 

Iowa History, Culture, and Future U. S. History PQ BookCart Middle 

Leaders in African-American History U. S. History PQ BookCart Middle 

SBLA Westward Expansion U. S. History PQ BookCart Middle 

Westward Expansion -- Significant Events U. S. History PQ BookCart Middle 

Ancient China Art and History World History PQ BookCart Middle 

Egyptian Pharaohs, Pyramids, and Religion World History PQ BookCart Middle 

English Explorers of the Americas World History PQ BookCart Middle 

Holocaust History and People World History PQ BookCart Middle 

Mesoamerican Early Civilizations World History PQ BookCart Middle 

SBLA Pharaoh Interviews World History PQ BookCart Middle 

SBLA Who Started World War I World History PQ BookCart Middle 

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World World History PQ BookCart Middle 

Spanish Conquistadors in the New World World History PQ BookCart Middle 

World War I -- Who Started It? World History PQ BookCart Middle 

January 2005 Page 10



Research Activities Organized by Popular K-6 Research Categories 

Each of the topics listed in this section are integrated into K-8 state content standards and are included 

in the curriculum and lesson plans of teachers. Librarians provide non-fiction print support for all these 

topics. This Teacher Guide will help integrate the digital learning resources of eLibrary Elementary 

with the print library to increase student interest, reading, writing, and achievement in essential skills. 

These essential skills are integrated into state standards in English Language Arts, Science, and Social 

Studies and are the basis of state assessments and No Child Left Behind accountability. Each topic will 

provide examples of eLibrary Elementary support: 

1. Publications for browsing to provide teachers with articles for printing and classroom reading 

activities—(click Browse through our list of publications in the Advanced Search options. Then 

click the icon for the media type to get a list for browsing 

2. Dewey print library correlation to each topic to encourage use of print and digital resources 

3. ProQuest BookCart collection correlation to each topic so that librarians can copy these 

BookCarts to the local site and get teachers started on research activities with less work. To 

access BookCart Editor http://elibrary.bigchalk.com/k6/teacher (BookCart Admin tool) 

4. Topic search correlation to Editor’s Choice websites 

5. Samples of essential questions that encourage student use of higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) 

to increase achievement in reading, writing, and critical thinking 

Animals and Pets 

Examples of Key Word Searches: (For best results, turn off the transcripts and newspaper media icons) 

Search: What is a zoo 

Search: What is a “komodo dragon” (for pictures only, turn Off all media icons and turn On pictures) 

Search: What is a cheetah 

Topic Search for Websites Examples: (Type Animals in the Search box) 

Topic = Science >> Life Science >> Animals >> (Animal Adaptations, Animal Behavior, Animal 

Habitats, Pets, Endangered Animals, Extinction, and a variety of other subtopics to explore) 

Teacher Publication Browsing: (click Browse through our list of publications in the Advanced Search 

options; then click the icon for the media type to get a list for browsing) 

National Wildlife (Magazines) 

National Geographic Kids (Magazines) 

DK Eyewitness Mammal (Books) 

Ranger Rick (Magazines) 

BookCart Collection: (BookCart Editor Search for Author = PQ BookCart and Title = Pets—Reading 

Interest Collection; Largest Animals in the World) 

Dewey Correlation: (590 Zoology, 636 Pets) 




Essential Questions for Critical Thinking: 

1. Why is important to have zoos? 

2. What is the best zoo exhibit you have seen and why? 

3. How does the size and shape of an animal help them to stay alive? Give some examples. 

4. What is your favorite pet and why? What animal would you not like for a pet and why? 

Archaeology and Historic Sites 


Search: What are the Egyptian pyramids 

Search: What is Machu Picchu 

Search: What is marine archaeology 

Search: What is Pithecanthropus Erectus 

Topic Search for Websites Examples: (Type Archaeology in the Search box) 

Topic = Social Studies >> Archaeology >> Discoveries by Region & Culture 

Topic = Social Studies >> Archaeology >> Special Subjects >> Marine Archaeology 



World Almanac for Kids (Books) 

DK Eyewitness Early Humans (Books) 

Young Students Learning Library (Books) 

International Dictionary of Historic Places (Books) 

BookCart Collection: (BookCart Editor Search for Author = PQ BookCart, Title = Egyptian Pharaohs, 

Pyramids, and Religion; Archaeology and Ancient History; Ancient China Art and History) 

Dewey Correlation: (930 History of the Ancient World; 913 Geography of the Ancient World) 


1. Why is it important for archaeologists to look for and discover ancient sites? 

2. What archaeological discovery do you think was most important and why? 

3. What famous site have you visited? Why is this place famous—what happened there? 

Architecture, Famous Buildings, and Engineering 


Search: What is the Parthenon 

Search: What is the “Great Wall of China” 

Search: What is the “Panama Canal” 

Search: What is the “Three Gorges Dam” 

Search: What is the “Taj Mahal 

Search: Who was “Buckminster Fuller” 

Topic Search for Websites Examples: (Type Architecture or Buildings in the Search box) 

Topic = Arts & Crafts >> Resources >> Resources by Field >> Architecture 

Topic = Technology >> Engineering >> Civil & Environmental >> Civil Engineering 






1. World Almanac for Kids (Books) 

BookCart Collection: (BookCart Editor Search for Author = PQ BookCart and Title = 7 Wonders of the 

Ancient World; Egyptian Pharaohs, Pyramids, and Religion) 

Dewey Correlation: (624 Civil Engineering, 690 Buildings, 720 Architecture) 


1. Why can buildings be built higher today than they could centuries ago? 

2. Which engineering/architectural achievement is the most important one in the world and why? 

Birds 


Search: What is a pelican 

Search: What is a vulture 

Search: What is a cassowary 

Search: What is a hummingbird 

Search: What is a songbird 

Search: What is a "bird sanctuary" 

Search: What is a parrot 

Search: What is an "emperor penguin" 

Topic Search for Websites Examples: (Type Birds in the Search box) 

Topic = Science >> Life Science >> Animals >> Animals by Familiar Name >> Birds 



Britannica Elementary Encyclopedia (Books) 


BookCart Collection: (None for K-8) 

Dewey Correlation: (598 Birds, 636 Pets) 


1. What physical advantages do birds have that enable them to fly? 

2. What birds don’t fly and why can’t they? 

Biography of Famous People 


Search: Who was Martin Luther King, Jr. 

Search: Who was “Babe Ruth” 

Search: Who is “John Glenn” 

Search: Who was “Walt Disney” 

Search: Who was “Albert Einstein” 

Search: Who is “Bill Gates” 




Topic Search for Websites Examples: 

Topic = Famous People >> (Many Categories) 



Lincoln Library of Sports Champions (Books) 

American Business Leaders (Books) 

American Cultural Leaders (Books) 

American Military Leaders (Books) 

Hutchinson Dictionary of Biography (Books) 

American Political Leaders (Books) 

American Science Leaders (Books) 

American Social Leaders (Books) 

World Political Leaders (Books) 

Faces (Magazines) 

BookCart Collection: (BookCart Editor Search for Author = PQ BookCart and Title = Dr. Seuss 

Celebration; Native American History and Heroes; Leaders in African-American History) 

Dewey Correlation: (920 Biography) 


1. How has this person helped to make the world or their country better? 

2. What other person(s) accomplished something similar to this person? 

Camping & Outdoor Recreation 


Search: What is GORP 

Search: What is mountain biking 

Search: What is "Lyme Disease" 

Search: What is a campfire 

Search: What is kayaking 

Search: What is a “national park” 


Topic = Sports & Gym >> Sports >> Outdoor & Water Sports 



Sports Illustrated for Kids (Magazines) 

Boys Life (Magazines) 

Mountain Bike (Magazines) 

U. S. Kids (Magazines) 


Outdoor Life (Magazines) 

BookCart Collection: (BookCart Editor Search for Author = PQ BookCart and Title = Our National 

Parks; Olympic Games—History and Lore) 

Dewey Correlation: (796 Athletic & outdoor sports & games) 


1. What outdoor recreation activities are the most dangerous and why? 

2. What are the benefits of outdoor recreation and why? 




Children’s Literature 


Search: What is children’s literature 

Search: Who was Aesop 

Search: What are Grimm’s Fairy Tales 

Search: What is folklore 


Topic = Reading >> Special Subjects >> Children's Literature 



BookBird (Magazines) 

Children’s Playmate Magazine 

Skipping Stones (Magazines) 

Great Works of Literature (Aesop, Grimm) (Books) 

Highlights for Children (Magazines) 

Humpty Dumpty’s Magazine 

Hornbook Magazine 

Children’s Digest (Magazines) 

BookCart Collection: (BookCart Editor Search for Author = PQ BookCart and Title = Folklore, Fables, 

and Fairytales; World Mythology, Gods & Goddesses) 

Dewey Correlation: (811 English Language Literature; 398 Folklore) 


1. What are morals in Aesop’s Fables? Give an example from your experience. 

2. Why do people tell and write stories for children? 

Countries of the World 


Search: What is Iceland 

Search: What is Indonesia 

Search: What is Liberia 

Search: What is Tasmania 

Search: What is Croatia 

Search: What is Tibet 

Topic Search for Websites Examples: (Type Countries of the World in the Search box) 

Topic = Social Studies >> Geography >> Five Themes of Geography >> Movement >> Regions >> 

Countries of the World 



World Almanac for Kids 


Hutchinson Nations of the World 

Know Your World Extra 

Time for Kids 

Calliope 




BookCart Collection: (BookCart Editor Search for Author = PQ BookCart and Title = Antarctic 

Exploration; Ancient China Art and History; Ecosystems Around the World) 

Dewey Correlation: (900 History and Geography) 


1. What countries did your parents/grandparents come from and why? 

2. What are some special customs and unique characteristics of these countries? 

3. Who are some famous people from these countries and what did they do special? 

Current Events 

Examples of Key Word Searches: (Turn On the Newspaper, Magazines, and Transcripts media icons) 

Search: Who is “Osama bin Laden” 

Search: What is the war on terrorism 

Search: What is “El Nino” 

Search: What is a tsunami 

Search: What is a "Euro" 

Search: What is the International Space Station 


Topic = Current Events (Subtopics include Current Issues, National News, World Topics) 



USA Today (Newspaper) 

Boston Herald (Newspaper) 

CNN Student News (Transcript) 

The Washington Post (Newspaper) 

Los Angeles Times (Newspaper) 

Time, and Time for Kids (Magazines) 

Current Events (Magazines) 

St. Louis Post-Dispatch (Newspaper) 

BookCart Collection: (BookCart Editor Search for Author = PQ BookCart and Title = Tatoos, Body 

Piercing and Marking; Global Warming CA Reading List—LexileElem; Illegal Aliens and their 

Rights) 

Dewey Correlation: (070 News media, journalism & publishing) 


Essential questions depend on the event being read about and discussed at that time. All questions 

should include words that encourage higher-order thinking: How, why, why not, what if. 

Dinosaurs and Fossils 


Search: What is a dinosaur 

Search: What is a triceratops 

Search: What is a tyrannosaurus rex 

Search: What is a fossil 

Search: What happened to the dinosaurs 

Search: What is a brontosaurus 





Topic = Science >> Earth Science >> Dinosaurs & Fossils >> Dinosaurs 





Earth Life Forms—Animals (Photos) 

DJ Eyewitness Fossils (Books) 

BookCart Collection: (BookCart Editor Search for Author = PQ BookCart, Title = Extinction of the 

Dinosaurs) 

Dewey Correlation: (560 Paleontology and Fossils) 


1. What happened to make the Dinosaurs disappear? 

2. What other animals may be in danger of becoming extinct today and why? 

3. How do we know that dinosaurs lived and so much about them? 

Economics & Business 


Search: What is E-Commerce 

Search: What is "legal tender" 

Search: What is an entrepreneur 

Search: What is the “United States Mint” 

Search: Who is "Bill Gates" 

Search: What is an income tax 

Search: What is the Dow-Jones Index 

Search: What is a balanced budget 


Topic = Business >> Finance & Investments >> Stocks & Stock Markets 

Topic = Business >> International >> Organizations 



American Business Leaders (Books) 

U. S. News & World Report (Magazines) 

USA Today (Newspapers) 


BookCart Collection: (BookCart Editor Search for Author = PQ BookCart, Title = History of Money; 

Legalized Gambling and State Revenues) 

Dewey Correlation: (330 Economics, 381Commerce) 


1. How is the stock market important to your future and why? 

2. Why do banks lend money to people and where do people get the money to pay back loans? 




Energy Sources 


Search: What is solar energy 

Search: What is "hydroelectric power" 

Search: What is “geothermal energy” 

Search: What is “nuclear energy” 

Topic Search for Websites Examples: (Type Energy in the Search box) 

Topic = Technology >>Energy (a variety of subtopics: Nuclear Energy; Alternative Energy; etc.) 

Topic = Science >> Physical Science >> Physics >> Basic Topics >> Electromagnetic Energy 



Popular Science (Magazines) 

Click (Magazines) 

Ask (Magazines) 

Odyssey (Magazines) 

BookCart Collection: (BookCart Editor Search for Author = PQ BookCart, Title = Electricity and 

Magnetism; Newton’s Laws of Force and Motion; Alternative Energy and the Environment) 

Dewey Correlation: (530 Physics, 540 Chemistry) 


1. Why do scientists need to discover more renewable sources of energy? 

2. Why do we still depend of fossil fuels for energy? 

Ethnic, Cultural, and Religious Heritage 


Search: Who were the Cherokees 

Search: Who are the Eskimos 

Search: What is the Torah 

Search: What is the Koran 

Search: Who is Buddha 

Search: Who was "Martin Luther King" 

Search: Who is “Maya Angelou” 

Search: Who was Confucius 

Search: Who was Geronimo 

Search: What are Muslims 

Topic Search for Websites Examples: (Type Culture or Religion in the Search box) 

Topic = United States History >> Special Subjects >> Native American History 

Topic = Spotlights >> Hispanic Heritage 

Topic = Religion & Mythology >> (Comparative Religion; and History of Religion) 

Topic = United States History >> Special Subjects >> African-American History 



Faces 

American (Cultural or Social) Leaders 






Her Heritage 

World Political Leaders 


Muse (Magazines) 

BookCart Collection: (BookCart Editor Search for Author = PQ BookCart, Title = Hispanic Heritage 

Month; Native American History and Heroes; Black History Month; Leaders in African-American 

History) 

Dewey Correlation: (390 Customs, Etiquette, and Folklore; 900 History and Geography; 200 Religion) 


1. How has immigration benefited the United States? 

2. What problems do Native Americans still face today and how can they be solved? 

3. What contributions have African-Americans made to the United States? 

4. How can we solve the problems caused by religious differences and ideas in the U. S.? 

Environment and Conservation 


Search: Who was “Rachel Carson” 

Search: What is recycling 

Search: What causes “El Nino” 

Search: What is the “ozone layer” 

Search: What is “global warming” 

Search: What is a biome 

Topic Search for Websites Examples: (Type Environment in the Search box) 

Topic = Science >> Life Science >> Animals & Environment (Ecology) >> Environmental Concerns 

Topic = Science >> Earth Science >> Environmental Issues 



Earth Explorer (Books) 

Environment (Magazines) 



Ranger Rick (Magazines) 

Earth Life Forms (Pictures) 

BookCart Collection: (BookCart Editor Search for Author = PQ BookCart, Title = Endangered Species 

and the Environment; Global Warming; Tropical Rainforests; Our National Parks) 

Dewey Correlation: (577 Ecology; 550 Earth Sciences) 


1. What are the greatest danger to the global environment and why? 

2. What can be done to create a cleaner and healthier country and world? 

3. What is the worst environmental problem in your community and why? 




Fish and Sea Creatures 


Search: What is a “killer whale” 

Search: What is a “fiddler crab” 

Search: What is an “electric eel” 

Search: What is a great white shark 

Search: What is a bottle-nosed dolphin 

Search: What is a “coral reef” 

Search: What is a giant squid 

Search: What is a jellyfish 

Topic Search for Websites Examples: (Type Fish in the Search box) 

Topic = Science >>Life Science >> Animals >> Animals by Familiar Name >> Fish & Marine Animals 

Topic = Science >> Life Science >> Animals >> Pets >> Fish 




DK Eyewitness Ocean (Books) 

DK Eyewitness Seashore (Books) 

DK Eyewitness Shark (Books) 



BookCart Collection: (BookCart Editor Search for Author = PQ BookCart, Title = Marine 

Exploration) 

Dewey Correlation: (593 Marine invertebrates; 594 Mollusks; 597 Cold-blooded vertebrates; fishes) 


1. What are the greatest threats to sea animals and why? 

2. How do sea animals benefit humans? 

Folklore & Mythology 


Search: Who was “Pecos Bill” 

Search: Who was “Paul Bunyan” 

Search: Who was “Johnny Appleseed” 

Search: Who was Poseidon 

Search: Who was Thor 

Search: Who was Athena 

Search: Who was Juno 

Search: Who was Dracula 

Topic Search for Websites Examples: (Type Folklore or Fables or Mythology in the Search box) 

Topic = Reading >> Special Subjects >> Mythology & Legends 

Topic = English Language Arts >> Online Stories for Children >> Fairy Tales & Legends 

Topic = Religion & Mythology >> Mythology 



Great Works of Literature (Books) 





BookCart Collection: (BookCart Editor Search for Author = PQ BookCart, Title = Folklore, Fables, 

and Mythology; World Mythology, Gods & Goddesses) 

Dewey Correlation: (398 Folklore; 201 Religious Mythology) 


1. Why did people invent myths and legends? 

2. What is the danger in believing these myths and legends today? 

Food & Nutrition 


Search: What are vitamins 

Search: What is stir-frying 

Search: What is a dessert 

Search: What is nutrition 

Search: What is recipe 

Search: What is junk food 

Search: What is vegetarian cooking 

Search: What are low fat foods 

Topic Search for Websites Examples: (Type Nutrition in the Search box) 

Topic = Science >> Health >> Fitness & Exercise >> Nutrition 

Topic = Spotlights >> The Body >> Care & Feeding >> Nutrition 

Topic = Sports & Gym >> Fitness >> Taking Care of Your Body >> Aging & Nutrition 



Multicultural Cookbook for Students (Books) 

Current Health 1 (Magazines) 



BookCart Collection: (BookCart Editor Search for Author = PQ BookCart, Title = Healthy Food 

Choices and Junk Food; Food Safety and Preservation; Obesity in Children) 

Dewey Correlation: (641 Food and Drink; 635 Garden Crops; 664 Food Technology) 


1. What are junk foods and why are they bad for your health? 

2. What is organically grown food and why may it be better for your health? 

3. What is food irradiation and what benefits does it promise? 

Gardening and Horticulture 


Search: What is a "flower garden" 

Search: What is an earthworm 

Search: What is pollination 

Search: What is "organic gardening" 

Search: How do you make compost 

Search: What is a scarecrow 

Search: What is a dandelion 

Search: What is a “vegetable garden” 




Topic Search for Websites Examples: (Type Gardening in the Search box) 

Topic = Spotlights >> Harvest Spotlight >> Fruits & Vegetables >> Horticulture & Gardening 

Topic = Technology >> Agriculture >> Gardening 

Topic = Science >> Life Science >> Plants >> Plants by Familiar Name >> Fruits & Vegetables >> 

Horticulture & Gardening 






Dewey Correlation: (635 Garden crops--Horticulture) 


1. How does gardening help people to live better and why? 

2. What is your favorite gardening activity and why? 

3. What is your favorite garden vegetable, garden flower, and why? 

Geography & Map Skills 

Examples of Key Word Searches for Information: (For best results, turn off the transcripts and 

newspaper media icons) 

Search: What is the “international date line” 

Search: What is the “Tropic of Capricorn” 

Search: Where is the “Dead Sea” 

Search: What are the “horse latitudes” 

Search: What is the “Greenwich Meridian” 

Search: Where is the equator 

Search: Where is the "Panama Canal" 

Search: Where is the North Pole 

Search: Where is the Arctic Circle 

Search: What is latitude and longitude 

Examples of Key Word Searches for MAPS: (Turn Off all media icons except Maps) 

Search: Sierra Leone 

Search: Costa Rica 

Search: Argentina 

Search: Japan 

Search: Hawaii 

Search: Indonesia 

Search: Poland 

Search: Antarctica 

Topic Search for Websites Examples: (Type in the Search box) 

Topic = United States History >> State Histories >> Indiana >> Documents, Maps & Charts 

Topic = Social Studies >> Geography >> Related Fields >> Map & Compass >> Map Collections 

Topic = Regional Studies >> Countries of the World >> Asia >> Afghanistan >> Reference >> Maps 







National Geographic for Kids (Magazines) 


Dewey Correlation: (910 Geography and Travel) 


1. Search for and print maps that you can use to write the names of your classmates in the country(s) 

of their family origin? 

2. Use the same maps to write the latitude and longitude of the capitol of the country. 

3. How do we know that the world is round? 

What country is east of India? 

What country is south of Peru? 

What country is south of Guatemala? 

What country is east of Greece? 

What state is north of Texas? 

What state is north of Oregon? 

What country is west of Iran? 

What country is northwest of Brazil? 

What country is west of Sweden? 

What country is northeast of Canada? 

Government and Politics 

Examples of Key Word Searches: (For best results, turn off the maps and pictures media icons) 

Search: What is an amendment to the constitution 

Search: Department of Homeland Security 

Search: What is the "State of the Union" speech 

Search: What are "civil rights laws" 

Search: What is the “House of Representatives” 

Search: What is the Electoral College 

Search: What is the U. S. Supreme Court 

Search: What is the President’s Cabinet 


Topic = Government >> Politics & Civics >> The Ideas Behind Politics (Variety of subtopics) 

Topic = Government >> United States Government (Variety of subtopics) 




World Political Leaders (Books) 


Time for Kids (Magazines) 

Newsweek (Magazines) 

USA Today (Newspapers) 

BookCart Collection: (BookCart Editor Search for Author = PQ BookCart, Title =) 

Dewey Correlation: (320 Political Science; 340 Law) 


1. Name some laws are most important to you and your family and why are they? 

2. Should the government have the right to demand Internet filters in schools? Why or Why not? 

3. What laws are there to protect children and why? 

4. If you could change one law, which one would it be and why? 




Healthy Living 


Search: Who is Doctor Cory 

Search: What is dyslexia 

Search: What is grief therapy 

Search: What is geriatrics 

Search: What is puberty 

Search: What is diabetes 

Search: What is asthma 

Search: What are "E. coli" 

Search: What causes hyperactivity 

Search: What are allergies 


Topic = Sports & Gym >> Fitness (Variety of Subtopics) 

Topic = Sports & Gym >> Health Issues (Variety of Subtopics) 




DK Eyewitness (Skeleton) 



BookCart Collection: (BookCart Editor Search for Author = PQ BookCart, Title = Healthy Food 

Choices and Junk Food; Obesity in Children) 

Dewey Correlation: (610 Medicine and Health) 


1. What is the most important health habit to you and why? 

2. Which disease are you most concerned about in your family and why? 

3. What are the dangers of drinking alcohol and how can we prevent them? 

History—American 


Search: Declaration of Independence 

Search: Treaty of Paris 

Search: Louisiana Purchase 

Search: Pearl Harbor 


Topic = U. S. History >> (Subtopics = Featured Topics; Special Subjects; History Games and Quizzes; 

History by Period; Leaders and Personalities; State Histories) 



Great Events of the 20 th Century (Video) 

Trail of Tears (Books) 






Boston Tea Party (Books) 

Battle of the Alamo (Books) 


Her Heritage (Books) 

The Gold Rush of 1848 (Books) 

Harpers Ferry (Books) 

Hutchinson Historical Documents (Books) 

World Almanac of the USA (Books) 

Cobblestones (Magazines) 

Faces (Magazines) 

The Alaska Purchase (Books) 

Stack of Decades (Books) 

BookCart Collection: (BookCart Editor Search for Author = PQ BookCart, Title = California Gold 

Rush; Native American History & Heroes; Leaders in African American History; Westward 

Expansion) 

Dewey Correlation: (973-979 History of the United States; 323 Civil and Political Rights) 


1. What are some of the weapons that terrorists use and how can we stop the danger? 

2. What can be done to make national elections for president better? 

3. Should our immigration laws be tougher? Why or why not? 

4. How can we create greater equality for all citizens? 

History—World 


Search: Who was Hammurabi 

Search: Who was Aristotle of Athens 

Search: What is the “Rosetta Stone” 

Search: What are the “Dead Sea Scrolls” 

Search: Who was Napoleon Bonaparte 

Search: Who was Charlemagne 

Search: Who was Joseph Stalin 

Search: Who was "Kublai Khan" 

Search: Who was Ferdinand Magellan 

Search: What was the "Byzantine Empire" 

Search: Who was “Leonardo da Vinci” 

Search: Who was “Winston Churchill” 

Search: What was Auschwitz 

Search: Who was Attila the Hun 


Topic = World History >> Global Timeline (Subtopics organized by Continents and by Eras) 

Topic = World History >> Countries (Alphabetic listing of more than 100 Countries) 



Events Day by Day (Books) 

Stack of Decades (Books) 

Hutchinson Encyclopedia of World History 


International Dictionary of Historic Places (Books) 

Countries of the World (Books) 


Calliope (Magazines) 

Maps.com (Historical Maps) 

Hutchinson Nations of the World (Books) 

DK Eyewitness Olympics (Books) 

DK Eyewitness Early Humans (Books) 

BookCart Collection: (BookCart Editor Search for Author = PQ BookCart, Title = English Exporers of 

the Americas; Spanish Conquistadors in the New World; 7 Wonders of the Ancient World; Ancient 




China Art and History; Egyptian Pharaohs, Pyramids, and Religion; Ancient History and 

Archaeology) 

Dewey Correlation: (930 Ancient History; 940-990 History by Region) 


1. What are some of the causes of the conflicts in the Middle East and Israel and how can the U. S. 

help bring peace? 

2. Who was the most important leader of a foreign country in history and how did his actions affect 

the world today? 

3. How does the culture of Greece and Rome affect our lives today? 

Hobbies, Crafts, & Games 

Topic Search for Websites Examples: (Type Games or Crafts in the Search box) 

Topic = World History >> Special Subjects >> Toys >> Games 

Topic = English Language Arts >> Words & Vocabulary >> Practice Games & Quizzes 

Topic = Parent Resources >> Parents & Children >> Learning at Home >> Activities 

Topic = Student Resources >> Middle School >> Multimedia >> Educational Games 

Topic = Arts & Crafts >> Painting & Visual Arts >> Crafts 

Topic = Student Resources >> Elementary >> Activities >> Stuff to Make 



Boys Life (Magazines) 

Child Life (Magazines) 





Science Activities (Magazines) 

Jack & Jill (Magazines) 

U. S. Kids (Magazines) 

Turtle Magazine for Pre-School Kids 

BookCart Collection: (BookCart Editor Search for Author = PQ BookCart, Title = Math Info, Puzzles, 

and Games) 

Dewey Correlation: (793-4 Indoor Games; 736-750 Craft Materials and Methods) 

Holidays 


Search: What is Hanukkah 

Search: What is Easter 

Search: What is Halloween 

Search: What is Thanksgiving 

Search: What is “Cinco de Mayo” 

Search: What is Chinese New Year 

Search: What is Hogmanay 

Search: What is Kwaanza 




Topic Search for Websites Examples: (Type Holidays in the Search box) 

Topic = Social Studies >> Holidays (Holidays by Month) 

Topic = Spotlights >> Hispanic Heritage >> Culture of Latin America >> Holidays 

Topic = Religion & Mythology >> History of Religions >> Judaism >> Holidays & Traditions 





BookCart Collection: (BookCart Editor Search for Author = PQ BookCart, Title = Winter Holidays 

Around the World) 

Dewey Correlation: (303-06 Culture and Institutions) 


1. What are examples of Independence Day (4 th of July) in other countries? 

2. Which holiday in the U. S. is the most important and why? 

3. What new U. S. holidays have been added in the last 50 years and why? 

Human Body 


Search: What is the human nervous system 

Search: What causes baldness 

Search: What are glands 

Search: What is an involuntary muscle 

Search: What is perspiration 

Search: Why do we dream 

Topic Search for Websites Examples: (Type Human Body in the Search box) 

Topic = Spotlights >> The Body >> Care & Feeding >> Human Body Atlases & Images 

Topic = Science >> Health >> The General Study of Medicine >> Anatomy & Physiology 

Topic = Science >> Life Science >> Medical Sciences >> Your Body 



DK Eyewitness Skeleton (Books) 


Complete Home Medical Guide (Books) 



Hutchinson Encyclopedia of Science (Books) 

BookCart Collection: (BookCart Editor Search for Author = PQ BookCart, Title = Mendel, Heredity, 

and Genes) 

Dewey Correlation: (571 Physiology) 


1. What is your opinion on the science of cloning new organs from stem cell tissue? 

2. What are the reasons that people in the U.S. live longer today than in the past? 




Insects and Bugs 


Search: What is a butterfly 

Search: What is a grasshopper 

Search: What are “honey bees” 

Search: What are poisonous spiders 

Search: What is a mantis 

Search: What are fire ants 

Search: What are centipedes 

Search: What are termites 


Topic = Science >> Life Science >> Animals >> Animals by Familiar Name >> Insects 

Topic = Science >> Life Science >> Animals & Environment (Ecology) >> Animal Migration >> Insect 

Migration 



DK Eyewitness Insects (Books) 


Ask (Magzines) 


BookCart Collection: (BookCart Editor Search for Author = PQ BookCart, Title = Insects and Bugs; 

Butterflies of North America) 

Dewey Correlation: (592 Invertebrates) 


1. Which insects are beneficial to humans and why? 

2. Which insects are harmful to humans and why? 

3. What would happen if we could eliminate all the harmful insects? 

Military History 


Search: Who was “Attila the Hun” 

Search: Who was “Alexander the Great” 

Search: Who was “General George S. Patton” 

Search: What is the “Battle of Gettysburg” 

Search: Who was “General Robert E. Lee” 

Search: What was D-Day 

Search: Who was “General Pershing” 

Search: Who was "General Douglas MacArthur" 

Search: Who was General Dwight D. Eisenhower 

Search: Who was General Norman Schwarzkopf 

Search: Who was General George Washington 

Search: Who was Admiral Chester Nimitz 

Topic Search for Websites Examples: (Type Wars in the Search box) 

Topic = World History >> Special Subjects >> Military >> Wars by Region 








DK Eyewitness Arms and Armor (Books) 



The Battle of the Alamo (Books) 

BookCart Collection: (BookCart Editor Search for Author = PQ BookCart, Title = Civil War Naval 

Battles; World War I—Who Started It?) 

Dewey Correlation: (623 Military Engineering; 355 Military Science) 


1. What are some high-tech weapons that are being developed by the military? 

2. How can the U. S. protect itself and our allies from foreign enemies? 

3. What is the war on terrorism? Who is fighting it and why? 

Music and Entertainment 


Search: What is music 

Search: What is dancing 

Search: What is a composer 

Search: What is a soprano voice 

Search: What is a marimba 

Search: What is jazz music 

Search: What is “rock and roll” 

Search: What is a sousaphone 

Search: What is the opera 

Search: What is a concert 


Topic = Arts & Crafts >> Dance, Music & Theater >> Music >> Musical Styles (Variety of Subtopics) 

Topic = World History >> Special Subjects >> Music History 

Topic = Student Resources >> Elementary >> Games >> Music 



Hutchinson Dictionary of Music (Audio) 

Hutchinson Encyclopedia of Music (Books) 

DK Eyewitness Music (Books) 



Dewey Correlation: (780 Music) 


1. What is your favorite type of music and why? 

2. Why do different generations enjoy different types of music? 

3. Why is music important to so many people all over the world? 




Natural Disasters 


Search: What is a forest fire 

Search: What causes a hurricane 

Search: What is a meteor crater 

Search: What causes a tsunami 

Search: What is a tornado 

Search: What causes an earthquake 

Search: What is Mt. Vesuvius 

Search: What was "Noah's Ark" 

Search: What is “Mount St. Helens” 

Search: What is Krakatoa 

Search: What was the "San Francisco earthquake" 

Search: What was the “Chicago Fire” 

Topic Search for Websites Examples: (Type Weather or Earthquake in the Search box) 

Topic = Science >> Earth Science >> Weather >> Familiar Weather Happenings (Cyclones, 

Hurricanes, Tsunamis, Floods) 

Topic = Spotlights >> Other Spotlights >> Nature Power >> Earthquakes 

Topic = Science >> Earth Science >> History of the Earth (Geology) >> Familiar Subjects >> 

Earthquakes 



DK Eyewitness Shipwreck (Books) 



DK Eyewitness Hurricane (Books) 

BookCart Collection: (BookCart Editor Search for Author = PQ BookCart, Title = Volcanoes; 

Earthquakes—Prediction and Precaution) 

Dewey Correlation: (550 Earth Science) 


1. Which natural disaster frightens you the most? Why? 

2. What can people and scientists do to prevent or reduce that damage from this disaster? 

Plant Life and Botany 


Search: What is bryophyte 

Search: What is hydroponics 

Search: What is pollen 

Search: What is a fungus 

Search: What are lichens 

Search: What is kelp 

Search: What is a cactus 

Search: What are herbs 

Topic Search for Websites Examples: (Type Plants in the Search box) 

Topic = Science >> Life Science >> Plants 

Topic = Regional Studies >> U.S. States >> Your State >> Plants & Animals 




Topic = Science >> Life Science >> Marine Biology >> Plankton 



DK Eyewitness Plant (Books) 

DK Eyewitness Fossil (Books) 



BookCart Collection: (BookCart Editor Search for Author = PQ BookCart, Title = Ecosystems Around 

the World; Tropical Rainforests) 

Dewey Correlation: (580 Plants) 


1. What is your favorite garden flower? Where do you have to plant it to get it to grow the best? 

2. What vegetables have you grown? What special care does it take to make them grow? 

3. How do plants benefit you? Can you describe at least 4 different ways? 

Poetry 

Examples of Key Word Searches: (Type Child* in the Publications box of Advanced Search) 

Search: Seasons 

Search: Fishing 

Search: Cat 

Search: Rainbow 

Search: Whale 

Search: Soul 

Search: Winter 

Search: Trees 

Search: Birds 

Search: Ghost 

Topic Search for Websites Examples: (Type Poetry in the Search box) 

Topic = Reading >> Poetry 

Topic = Student Resources >> Elementary >> Activities >> Fun With Poetry 

Topic = Reading >> Special Subjects >> Children's Literature >> Nursery Rhymes & Poems >> Poetry 



Great Works of Literature (Books) 



Jack & Jill (Magazines) 

Similes Dictionary (Books) 



Skipping Stones (Magazines) 

BookCart Collection: (BookCart Editor Search for Author = PQ BookCart, Title = Writing Poetry) 

Dewey Correlation: (811 American Poetry) 


1. Do you have a favorite poem(s) and why are they enjoyable to you? 

2. Can you give examples of poems that don’t rhyme? 

3. Why do you think poetry is fun to write? 




Presidents 


Search: Who was “Thomas Jefferson” 

Search: Who was “Andrew Jackson” 

Search: Who was “Theodore Roosevelt” 

Search: Who was "Franklin D. Roosevelt" 

Search: Who was “Woodrow Wilson” 

Search: Who is “Ronald Reagan” 

Search: Who was "Dwight D. Eisenhower" 

Search: Who was “Abraham Lincoln” 

Topic Search for Websites Examples: (Type Presidents in the Search box) 

Topic = Biographies by Subject >> United States Presidents >> Individual Presidents 

Topic = Spotlights >> The Presidency 

Topic = Government >> United States Government >> Executive Branch: Presidency 







Time for Kids (Magazines) 



Dewey Correlation: (973 History of the United States) 


1. Which 20 th Century president was able to accomplish the most benefits for the people? Why? 

2. What is your opinion about the Electoral College method of electing the president and why? 

3. Would a woman be as good a president as a man? Why or why not? 

Safety & First Aid 


Search: What is CPR 

Search: What is home poisoning 

Search: What is a bee sting 

Search: What is the “Heimlich Maneuver” 

Search: What is jellyfish sting 

Search: What is frostbite 

Search: What are flu symptoms 

Search: What is a “smoke detector” 

Search: What is a “carbon monoxide detector” 

Search: How do you stop bleeding 

Topic Search for Websites Examples: (Type Safety or First Aid in the Search box) 

Topic = Technology >> Energy >> Special Topics >> Safety With Electricity 

Topic = Technology >> Other Technologies >> Fireworks >> Fireworks Safety 

Topic = Sports & Gym >> Safety 

Topic = Science >> Health >> Health Issues >> Safety 

Topic = Spotlights >> The Body >> Kids' Bodies >> General Health & Safety 




Topic = Sports & Gym >> First Aid 






Dewey Correlation: (613 Personal Health and Safety) 


1. What hazards around the home are there? What do you do to prevent injury or treat it? 

2. What are some of the hazards of the outdoors and how do you prevent them and treat them? 

3. What are some dangerous driving habits and why? 

4. What kinds of items should be part of a first aid kit and why? 

Technology and Inventions 


Search: What is laser light 

Search: Who was “Charles Darwin” 

Search: What is magnetism 

Search: Who was “Albert Einstein” 

Search: Who was Alexander Graham Bell 

Search: Who Dr. Robert Goddard 

Search: Who was “Sir Isaac Newton” 

Search: Who invented the computer 

Search: Who was "Rube Goldberg" 

Search: Who was Thomas Alva Edison 

Search: What is nanotechnology 

Search: Who was “Jonas Salk” 

Topic Search for Websites Examples: (Type Inventors in the Search box) 

Topic = Technology >> Inventors & Invention >> Historic Inventions 

Topic = Famous People >> Biographies by Profession >> Engineers & Technicians >> Inventors 



DK Eyewitness Invention (Books) 

Dictionary of Scientific Biography (Books) 

Science Activities (Magazines) 



Muse (Magazines) 

BookCart Collection: (BookCart Editor Search for Author = PQ BookCart, Title = Inventions and 

Inventors; Electricity and Magnetism; Mars and Space Exploration) 

Dewey Correlation: (600 Technology, 620 Engineering, 530 Physics, 540 Chemistry) 


1. What invention do you think has brought the greatest benefit to you and your family and why? 

2. What would you like to see someone invent and why? 

3. What invention could you live without and why? 




Examples of Key Word Searches: 

Space Exploration & Astronomy 

Search: Who was “Robert Goddard” 

Search: What is a telescope 

Search: Is there life on Mars 

Search: What is the "solar system" 

Search: What is a planet 

Search: What is an astronaut 

Search: What is a “Saturn rocket” 

Search: What is the sun 

Search: What is a comet 

Search: What is a spacewalk 

Topic Search for Websites Examples: (Type Space Exploration in the Search box) 

Topic = Science >> Earth Science >> Space Exploration (Variety of Subtopics) 

Topic = Spotlights >> Other Spotlights >> Climbing the Sky: Humans & Space >> The Space Age >> 

History of Space Exporation 






DK Eyewitness Space Exploration (Books) 

DK Eyewitness Astronomy (Books( 

Current Science (Magazines) 

Current Events (Magazines) 

Odyssey (Magazines) 

BookCart Collection: (BookCart Editor Search for Author = PQ BookCart, Title = Space Exploration; 

Solar System and the Universe) 

Dewey Correlation: (520 Astronomy) 


1. Why is it important to continue to explore space and the planets? 

2. What are some of the benefits to the common people from past space exploration? 

Sports & Athletes 


Search: What are the “Olympic Games” 

Search: What is wall climbing 

Search: What is bobsledding 

Search: What is arena football 

Search: What is a marathon 

Search: What is mountain biking 

Search: What is snowboarding 

Search: What are the X-games 

Search: What is "in-line skating" 


Topic = Sports & Gym >> Sports (Major Sports, Martial Arts, Outdoor and Water, Extreme, Motor 

Sports, Rules of Sports, Individual Athletes, Olympic Games, Playground Games, Sports Science, 

etc.) 






Sports Illustrated for Kids (Magazines) 

DK Eyewitness Olympics (Books) 


Lincoln Library of Sports Champions (Books) 

BookCart Collection: (BookCart Editor Search for Author = PQ BookCart, Title = Olympic Games— 

History and Lore) 

Dewey Correlation: (790 Recreation and Sports) 


1. Which is your favorite sport to watch and why? 

2. Which is your favorite sport to play and why? 

3. Who is your favorite athlete and what is so special about her/him? 


Topic = U. S. History >> State Histories 

States of the United States 






Hutchinson Inside American History (Books) 

BookCart Collection: (BookCart Editor Search for Author = PQ BookCart, Title =) 

Dewey Correlation: (973 U. S. History and Geography) 


1. What states are losing population the most and why? 

2. What states are increasing their populations the fastest and why? 

3. What state would you like to visit the most and why? 

Visual Arts 


Search: Who was “Andrew Wyeth” 

Search: Who was "Walt Disney" 

Search: Who is "Bugs Bunny" 

Search: The terra cotta army of "Emperor Qin" 

Search: What is a “pictograph rock” 

Search: What is sculpture 

Search: Who was Charles Schulz 

Search: What is "Mt. Rushmore" 

Search: What is an animated movie 

Search: Who was “Edward Steichen” 





Topic = Arts & Crafts >> Art Projects and Activities 

Topic = Arts & Crafts >> (Painting and Visual Arts; and Artists) 



Hutchinson Encyclopedia of the Arts (Books) 

American Cultural Leaders (Books) 


Art Resource Images (Pictures) 

BookCart Collection: (BookCart Editor Search for Author = PQ BookCart, Title = Artists of 

Pennsylvania) 

Dewey Correlation: (700 The Arts) 


. 

1. Who is your favorite artist or work of art and why? 

2. If you were an artist, what type of media would you like to work with the most? 

Weather 


Search: What causes a rainbow 

Search: What is the “gulf stream” 

Search: What causes lightning 

Search: What is the jetstream 

Search: What causes a snow blizzard 

Search: What is smog 

Search: What are sunspots 

Search: What is a cyclone 

Topic Search for Websites Examples: (Type Weather in the Search box) 

Topic = Science >> Earth Science >> Weather (Variety of Subtopics) 

Topic = Reference >> Journals, Newspapers, & Magazines >> Science >> Weather 



DK Eyewitness Hurricane (Books) 

Weatherwise (Magazines) 



BookCart Collection: (BookCart Editor Search for Author = PQ BookCart, Title = Weather Systems 

and Patterns; Ice Age and Climate Change) 

Dewey Correlation: (551 Meteorology) 


1. How is the weather changing over the last 20 years and why? 

2. How do meteorologists predict the weather using satellite images? 




Discovering Ideas for Student Research Projects 

Stack of Decades—This publication is great for discovering facts about the past in many interesting 

categories: literature, history, music, art, theater, science, invention, style, born and died, etc. You select 

the beginning year of a decade such as 1930, 1850, 1790 (range = 1650 to 1980) to search for a summary 

of the decade that could motivate research and writing about some person, book, event, or other item that 

would capture the student’s attention. Writing could be in the form of a newsletter that could be created 

by a group of students that reflects their unique interests. 

1. Type the starting year of the decade in the Search box (for example, 1890) 

2. Select the Advanced Search feature 

3. Type Stack of Decades in the Publication box 

4. Start your search and explore the Results List 

5. Open the document, explore, and select items for the decade newsletter 

How to Use Multimedia in Student Reports 

Model Multimedia Mini-Research Report--Two examples of student multimedia reports, as an 

alternative to written reports, that integrate critical thinking, information literacy, technology skills, and 

eLibrary Elementary multimedia and content. 

http://www.proquestk12.com/go/eLibMultiMResModelMS Middle School model) 

http://www.proquestk12.com/go/eLibMultiMResModelES (Elementary School model) 

Additional Resources for Teachers and Librarians 

Standards-Based Learning Activities--42 SBLAs in the core curriculum--traditional lesson plans that 

integrate a research component; 19 SBLAs have correlated BookCarts. 

http://www.proquestk12.com/curr/elibrary.shtml 

Engaging Issues BookCart Guide--90 mini-research assignments that are standards-based and motivate 

students to do mini-research; the guide is accompanied by 90 correlated and standards-based 

BookCarts) http://www.proquestk12.com/pic/pdfs/engageissuesbcguide.pdf 

Librarian Alternative Funding Guide--Alternative funding sources and strategies for librarians who are 

challenged by local budget cuts. Included is a whole section on No Child Left Behind and how librarians 

can tap these funds including NCLB boiler plate for LSL and EETT grants. 

http://www.proquestk12.com/funding.shtml 




Engaging Student Activities—Person or Event—Upper Elementary 

This activity focuses on researching any famous person (living or dead) who has had some lasting impact 

on the present world. An alternative focus would be a famous event that helped to change the past and 

continues its influence today. 

Essential Questions for Critical Thinking 

The following is a list of higher-order thinking (HOTS) essential questions that can challenge students to 

use critical thinking and generate original thought and reasoned opinion on many curriculum relevant 

topics. It is important that no question can be answered by “yes,” “no,” or just with a simple statement of 

fact. 

• In your opinion, what is the most significant accomplishment of this person and why? If an event, 

invention, or creation—how does it affect the present world? 

• In your opinion, what is the most significant obstacle that this person had to overcome in order to 

achieve this accomplishment? If an event, invention, or creation—what was the greatest obstacle 

to its successful completion? 

• In your opinion, how is the world a better place because of the work of this person? If an event, 

invention, or creation—how did this change the world for the better? 

Any additional questions that you may want to create should integrate the essential words “why, why not, 

how, or what if.” Such questions require critical thinking and the construction of “reasoned opinion.” 

Students form this reasoned opinion (not a factual answer) from the information acquired by doing the 

research on eLibrary. 

The final part of the report is to prepare an Executive Summary of no more than 2 paragraphs (See the 

model included in the pages that follow). These summary activities are good preparation for many state 

tests that include open-end assessments. 

Procedures 

The following criteria are provided as guidelines: 

• Each question of the 3 questions should be listed in the report and then followed by the student’s 

original response 

• Each question should be answered with a reasoned opinion justified by the researched facts 

• The report should be based on the information from 2 or 3 source documents 

• All answers should be limited to 1or 2 paragraphs. 

• The executive summary should be followed by relevant citations copied and pasted from eLibrary 

source documents—format is not important 

• The report should not be longer than 2 pages, or if oral, 3 minutes 

• Because this is not a term paper, reduce/eliminate many of the format formalities—students 

should have these experiences also, when appropriate 

Standards-Based Learning Activities--42 SBLA research activities in the core curriculum, a majority 

for K-8 students--traditional lesson plans that integrate a research component; 19 SBLAs have correlated 

BookCarts. http://www.proquestk12.com/curr/elibrary.shtml 




Use ProQuest Mini-Research Strategies to 

Turn Information into KNOWLEDGE Using Critical Thinking 

Researched information only becomes knowledge when it is used to make comparisons, to predict 

consequences, to evaluate effectiveness, to form connections, and is then communicated to an 

audience with a purpose. 

Lower Elementary School or Beginners (Who, What, When, Where?) 

Expand Knowledge--Reports should be mostly factual, require one good source (usually an encyclopedia 

article), and be delivered in a summarized (extracting the most important information) or a paraphrased 

(synthesizing and restating the most important information) report of less than 100 words. Students 

should be encouraged to attach an appropriate picture or map to the report. 

Upper Elementary or Some Experience Researching (Who, What, When, Where, How and Why?) 

Students should be required to use 2 or 3 sources. Reports can be written, oral, or created by teams. 

Reports should be between 100 and 200 words. Encyclopedic information is appropriate as one source 

only if it supports the 2 strategies listed below: 

• Compare/Contrast, or Which Is Better?)—Students research two similar leaders, authors, artists, 

countries, works, ideas, etc. and show how they are both alike and/or how they are different. 

Examples: Low fat or low carbohydrate diets; more government regulation or greater competition; 

The Bible and the Koran; classical or contemporary music; Abraham Lincoln and Franklin Delano 

Roosevelt; the Greeks and the Romans. 

• Critique—Students research a popular idea, custom, tradition, modus operandi, belief, or trend, and 

provide a logical argument for revising, eliminating, or expanding it. 

Examples: Eating eggs and red meat is bad for your heart; no pain, no gain in fitness training; the 

growing deficit will into bankruptcy; to succeed, all students should go to college; affirmative action 

laws lead to lowering of standards, over time. 




Tailoring Mini-Research Strategies to Meet the Needs of Your Students 

A single research topic can provide a range of mini-research activities that can be tailored to the learning levels of 

students. The same basket of resources retrieved from a single search can be used to answer a variety of research 

problems and issues. These strategies are derived from the scientific-based research of Benjamin Bloom and 

Bloom’s Taxonomy that demonstrates that permanent learning only takes place when students engage higher-order 

thinking skills in their school assignments. 

TOPIC: GLOBAL WARMING 

KEY WORD SEARCH: causes of global warming 

ENGAGING ISSUE: See the list below 

Mini-Research Strategy 

Expand: 

Essential Quesitons 

What is global warming ? (look up and paraphrase – lowest level) 

Compare/Contrast: 

Critique: 

Compare the current weather patterns with past patterns to decide 

whether or not there really is global warming. (intermediate level 

critical thinking skills) 

What actions by society and/or nature have contributed to global 

warming? (intermediate level) 

The following mini-research strategies are more appropriate for gifted students in K-8 or apply 

more to students in high school who have had experience in research activities. 

Predict: 

Persuade: 

Evaluate: 

Predict what will happen in the future if nothing is done to reverse 

global warming. (higher-level) 

Persuade the U. S. Government to pass laws that would help to 

reverse global warming. (higher-level) 

Evaluate the effectiveness of the past actions taken by government 

and/or business to reduce global warming. (highest level) 




Higher-Order Thinking 

Skills (HOTS) Bloom's Taxonomy—BLOOM, B. S. (1956) 

KNOWLEDGE 

Most Student Testing 

(Lowest Level) 

• observation and recall of information 

• knowledge of dates, events, places 

• knowledge of major ideas 

• mastery of subject matter 

Question Cues: list, define, tell, describe, identify, show, label, collect, 

examine, tabulate, quote, name, who, when, where, etc. 

COMPREHENSION • understanding information 

• grasp meaning 

• translate knowledge into new context 

• interpret facts, compare, contrast 

• order, group, infer causes 

• predict consequences 

Question Cues: summarize, describe, interpret, contrast, predict, associate, 

discuss, distinguish, estimate, differentiate, extend 

APPLICATION • use information 

• use methods, concepts, theories in new situations 

• solve problems using required skills or knowledge 

Questions Cues: apply, demonstrate, calculate, complete, illustrate, solve, 

examine, modify, relate, classify, experiment, discover 

ANALYSIS 

Research Activities 

• seeing patterns 

• organization of parts 

• recognition of hidden meanings 

• identification of components 

Question Cues: analyze, separate, order, explain, connect, classify, 

arrange, divide, compare, select, explain, infer 

SYNTHESIS 


• use old ideas to create new ones 

• generalize from given facts 

• relate knowledge from several areas 

• predict, draw conclusions 

Question Cues: combine, integrate, modify, rearrange, substitute, create, 

design, invent, what if?, compose, formulate, generalize 

EVALUATION 


(Highest Level) 

• compare and discriminate between ideas 

• assess value of theories, presentations 

• make choices based on reasoned argument 

• verify value of evidence 

• recognize subjectivity 

Question Cues: assess, decide, rank, grade, test, measure, judge, 

recommend, explain, discriminate, support, conclude, summarize 




BRAINSTORMING THE PROBLEM OR ISSUE 

Too many times teachers make research assignments that are so global in nature that students and 

librarians who assist them are confused about what to research. Such an assignment is “do a report on 

global warming.” This usually results in the copying an encyclopedia article either by hand or by 

copy/paste, changing a few words, then printing and turning in the report. The result is usually 

plagiarism and minimal learning. The focus of the report defaults to the facts of who, what, when, and 

where, all of which involve lower-order thinking skills, and no increase in essential skills. 

A brief brainstorming session prior to researching, using the mini-research process and a graphic 

organizer such as Kidspiration (www.inspiration.com) is the best way to guide students into thinking 

about all aspects of the problem to be solved and include questions of how, why, why not, and what if 

which are the higher-order thinking skills tested on state assessments. The advantage of this process 

is that students do not have to think in sequence (outline form). Instead, they think randomly (brain 

research confirms the validity of this approach especially for novices) about the topic/problem with any 

one question prompting another, until 3-6 questions emerge. These essential questions are the basis for 

research and their answers will be analyzed and synthesized by the student to create original thought and 

reasoned opinion in the form of a written, oral, or PowerPoint report. 

The graphic below is an example of this process. Each question brainstormed is written in one of the 

spaces without regard to which space and in what order. The teacher leads the process making sure that 

some of the questions involve how, why, etc. so that students are focused on problem solving and 

developing informed opinions on issues that affect their lives. 

Essential Questions Mini-Research Brainstorming Model 

What more 

needs to be 

done? 

What is 

global 

warming? 

What are the 

causes? 

What problems 

are caused by 

global warming? 

What barriers 

are there to 

solving the 

problem? 

Topic = 

Global Warming 

How effective 

are the present 

prevention 

strategies? 

How do we 

know global 

warming 

exists? 

What 

would 

you do 

about it 

and 

why? 

What is the 

government 

doing about it? 




Graphic Organizers Help Student Brainstorming for Mini-Research 

Graphic organizers or concept maps help student to organize their thinking and research for inquiry-based 

activities. Here are two samples below that teachers can adapt for their research assignments. A great 

source of concept mapping software to use in conjunction with research assignments can be trialed at 

www.inspiration.com. For more graphic organizers try www.writedesignonline.com/organizers/ 

Venn Diagram – Useful for visual learners to compare and contrast the characteristics of 2 people, 

places, events, or things that are similar while researching information for a report. Write descriptors in 

the spaces before and after researching and before reporting. 

Abraham Lincoln 

John F. Kennedy 

How Different How Same How Different 

Cause and Effect Map -- Used to show the causes of a complex event (an election, the creation of a 

significant structure or work, a war, etc.) or complex phenomenon (juvenile delinquency, learning 

disabilities). Key questions: What are the factors that cause/caused X? Are they interrelated? How can we 

modify or eliminate a cause(s) and alter the result? Fill in the map (Detail) as you gather research 

information for your report, or as a plan for research if you already know some of the significant causes. 




The Big6 Research Process and the ProQuest Mini-Research Process 

The Big6 is a popular, broad-based approach to research developed by Michael B. Eisenberg and Robert E. 

Berkowitz. Using this approach, librarians and teachers can integrate information literacy and technology into 

research activities from K-12 through college. To find out more about the Big6 research process, visit their Website 

at www.big6.com. 

The Big6 Research Process 

1. Task Definition—What needs to be 

done? 

2. Information Seeking Strategies— 

What resources can I use? 

3. Location and Access—Where can I 

find these resources? 

4. Use of Information—What can I use 

from these resources? 

5. Synthesis—What can I make to finish 

the job? 

6. Evaluation—How will I know I did my 

job well? 

ProQuest Mini-Research Strategies 

There are 6 mini-research strategies (3 for K-6) that are 

based on 3 levels of critical thinking. The mini-research 

strategies are outlined on several of the previous pages. 

Each strategy is designed to motivate student original 

thought based on teacher-framed essential questions. 

Mini-research depends on minimizing time spent on 

searching and re-investing this time in reading, writing, and 

critical thinking. Using eLibrary Elementary BookCarts 

saves valuable classroom and library time. BookCarts 

can easily be aligned to state standards and Lexile reading 

scores. Dewey correlations in this guide encourage 

teachers and students to supplement eLibrary with local 

library print resources. 

eLibrary Elementary contains over 50 model BookCarts 

appropriate for grades K-8. Teachers can copy and use these 

immediately for their students while they are learning to 

create new ones that they can share with other teachers. 

Students who search custom BookCarts (8 media types) 

don’t waste valuable learning time surfing various databases 

and the Internet for resources. 

Mini-research demands the same Big6 critical reading of 

documents for relevancy (even when using BookCarts) to 

the assigned problem or issue. Integrating technology saves 

time and increases technology literacy. 

eLibrary Elementary Teacher Guide provide guidelines, 

strategies, and models for the steps of organizing, 

analyzing, interpreting, synthesizing, and reporting of 

student research-based facts and reasoned opinion. 

Integrating technology saves time and increases technology 

literacy. Projects can include written, oral, and multimedia 

presentations 

eLibrary Elementary Teacher Guide provides flexible 

rubric models to evaluate student reports that focus on the 

use of critical thinking skills employed in the process. 




eLibrary Elementary vs. Google and Other Web Surfing 

eLibrary Elementary for Teacher and Student 

Curriculum-Relevant Information 

Why do so many teachers and students 

think that Google and other Internet surfing 

are superior to their own library print and 

digital learning resources that they can 

access from school or from home? 

100% of eLibrary CE is K-12 curriculum-relevant for 

teachers and for students. 

Only publisher quality information and the best 

Editor’s Choice websites. 

Thousands of newspapers, magazines, and other 

media types, including websites, which students can 

surf simultaneously or by media type. 

BookCarts allow teachers/librarians to customize 

learning resources for easy access and focused 

research for their students. Also see Standards- 

Based Learning Activities. 

Lexile reading level searches adjust information to 

the student’s ability to understand it—No Child Left 

Behind. 

Reference Desk provides integrated support for 

reading with understanding and enrichment 

sidebars—No Child Left Behind. 

Browsing publications for current content allows 

teachers to print and make classroom copies of kidand 

standards-appropriate reading materials. 

My List provides student with a list of selected 

resources and citations for use in writing reports. 

English Language Arts and Math tutorials, quizzes, 

puzzles, and games in Editor’s Choice websites 

help develop basic skills. Standards-Based Learning 

Activities integrate research activities into traditional 

lesson plans.. 

Publisher quality content and quality websites 

address parent and administrative concerns about 

the risks of student Internet surfing. 

eLibrary Elementary content and curriculum learning 

resources are correlated to state/national standards. 

Easy and quick access to curriculum-relevant 

documents and websites—Best Part saves time in 

browsing for relevancy, leaving more time for 

higher-order thinking and writing. 

Googling and other Surfing for Curriculum-Relevant 

Information 

Do doctors, lawyers, engineers, and other 

professionals Google for information to solve 

problems for clients? These professionals 

subscribe to custom professional databases and 

print publications that keep them current and 

help them solve client problems. 

Less than 10% of Google is K-12 curriculum- relevant 

and is focused mostly on consumer related information. 

High percentage of information is without deep archives, 

not updated regularly, and may be created by 

questionable sources. 

Searches do not include access to newspapers and 

curriculum-relevant magazines and journal archives 

because this information is copyrighted and only 

available through subscription databases. 

No equivalent feature for students to use. 

No method for adjusting results to student reading levels. 


No publications or publication browsing feature. 


Google has None for K-8 of these features. Google can 

lead you to lesson plan websites where busy teachers will 

have to do the necessary selection and correlation to 

curriculum topics. 

Minimal or user-activated filters and no direct controls over 

authority and decency of websites. 

Content not correlated to state standards and national 

standards and there are no correlated learning resources. 

Higher-order learning time wasted in determining 

curriculum-relevancy and accuracy of website information. 




National Information Literacy Standards for Students (NILS) 

1. The student who is information literate accesses information efficiently and effectively. 

2. The student who is information literate evaluates information critically and competently. 

3. The student who is information literate uses information accurately and creatively. 

4. The student who is an independent learner is information literate and pursues information related to 

personal interests. 

5. The student who is an independent learner is information literate and appreciates literature and other 

creative expressions of information. 

6. The student who is an independent learner is information literate and strives for excellence in information 

seeking and knowledge generation. 

7. The student who contributes positively to the learning community and to society is information literate and 

recognizes the importance of information to a democratic society 


uses information ethically.. 


participates effectively in groups to pursue and generate information. 

ProQuest Mini-Research Supports 

National Educational Technology Standards For Students (NETS) 

The International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) standards for students are divided into six broad 

categories. Standards within each category are to be introduced, reinforced, and mastered by students.. Most of the 

states have integrated all or part of NETS into their state learning standards. ProQuest mini-research integrates 

both information literacy standards and technology standards into digital information literacy activities. 

Social, ethical, and human issues 

• Students practice responsible use of technology systems, information, and software. 

• Students develop positive attitudes toward technology uses that support lifelong learning, collaboration, 

personal pursuits, and productivity. 

Technology productivity tools 

• Students use technology tools to enhance learning, increase productivity, and promote creativity. 

• Students use productivity tools to collaborate in constructing technology-enhanced models, preparing 

publications, and producing other creative works. 

Technology communications tools 

• Students use a variety of media and formats to communicate information and ideas effectively to multiple 

audiences. 

Technology research tools 

• Students use technology to locate, evaluate, and collect information from a variety of sources. 

• Students use technology tools to process data and report results. 

Technology problem-solving and decision-making tools 

• Students use technology resources for solving problems and making informed decisions. 

• Students employ technology in the development of strategies for solving problems in the real world 




ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS Model for Mini-Research Helps Prevent PLAGIARISM 

SHOULD STEM CELL RESEARCH WITH HUMAN EMBRYOS BE STOPPED? 

Executive Summary—by Tammy Weisman 

Stem cell research with human embryos has the potential to develop breakthrough cures for a host of 

genetic diseases that kill millions of Americans and other people in foreign countries. Stem cells are 

basic cells that develop first in human embryos after fertilization. All other specialized cells in the human 

body evolve from stem cells by a process that is not fully understood today. By understanding this 

process, scientists could grow new organs and other specialized cells to replace damaged or diseased cells 

in human beings, and thereby prolong and extend the quality of their life? 

Why would this research not be acceptable and even be supported by everyone? Those who oppose this 

research argue that it is immoral to use human embryos because in the research process you are 

destroying a potential human being. Others who support the research argue that by not engaging in 

research, we are allowing the destruction of existing human beings. 

I support the right to do research on existing embryos and if necessary, to have new sources of voluntary 

donations to increase the supply. If research in our country is stopped, then it will continue in some other 

country that may not have the best interests of our citizens in mind. 

History has shown that when major scientific discoveries have occurred, they are always challenged by 

religious groups who predict all sorts of dire consequences for humanity. History has also shown, that 

when these discoveries are adopted and managed well, human beings have always benefited. Many 

examples of this are second nature to us now: blood transfusions, organ transplantation, vaccination, etc. 

Information that Addresses Essential Question 1: What is stem cell research and why is this issue 

important? 

eLibrary Elementary Citation: Stem-cell research: Drawing the line; Anonymous; The Lancet 07-21- 

2001; Page: 163 

Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, meaning they are capable of developing into any cell type in the 

human body. Animal research suggests stem cells may some day provide a way to repair or replace 

diseased tissues and organs and make it possible to treat people with a wide variety of conditions, such as 

diabetes, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease, for which we currently have no cure. Embryonic 

stem cells are harvested from three sources: aborted fetuses, so-called cadaveric stem cells; embryos left 

over from in-vitro fertilisation efforts, so-called discarded embryos; and embryos created in the laboratory 

solely for the purpose of producing stem cells, so-called research embryos. 

Information that Addresses Essential Question 2: Who Opposes this research and why? 


2001; Page: 163 

Opposition to the use of embryonic stem cells from any of these sources comes mainly from those who 

hold that human life begins at conception and that destroying an embryo at any stage of development is 

tantamount to infanticide. 




Some stem cells, however, have also been isolated from adult tissues, and opponents of human embryonic 

stem-cell research argue that research should be limited to such cells. But the general view of scientists 

working in this area is that adult stem cells, while they may one day prove useful for treatment, are simply 

not as versatile as their embryonic counterparts, because they are already partly differentiated. 

eLibrary Elementary Citation: Defending cloning and stem cell research against faith-based curbs; Hull, 

Richard T; Flynn, Tom; Free Inquiry 01-01-2002; Page: 27 

The report expressed the concern of conservatives that "society (and not only the embryos) will suffer 

irreversible moral harm by crossing the boundary that allows nascent human life routinely to be treated as 

a natural resource." This view turns on seeing embryos at their earliest stages as identical with humans 

that will, if those embryos are allowed to develop, clearly exist. This key belief, as well as the tactics of 

some of its proponents, deserves careful investigation. For, if it cannot stand up to nontheistic 

philosophical analysis, basing governmental policy on it crosses the boundary separating church and state. 

Information that Addresses Essential Question 3: Who supports this research and why? 


2001; Page: 163 

Advocates of embryonic stem-cell research hold that while embryos certainly deserve respect they are not 

yet fully human and that the good that may result from medical research studies with their cells justifies 

use. 

eLibrary Elementary Citation: Defending cloning and stem cell research against faith-based curbs; Hull, 

Richard T; Flynn, Tom; Free Inquiry 01-01-2002; Page: 27 

For, if it cannot stand up to nontheistic philosophical analysis, basing governmental policy on it crosses 

the boundary separating church and state. 

In 1997, the Council issued "A Declaration in Defense of Cloning and the Integrity of Scientific 

Research." Thirty-one leaders in biology, philosophy, ethics, and other fields signed this document, which 

the defended the inherent moral licitness of biotechnologies including human cloning. 

eLibrary Elementary Citation: Several G.O.P. Senators Back Money for Stem Cell Research; Pear, 

Robert; The New York Times; 06-19-2001; Page: A.18 

Two of the senators, Orrin G. Hatch of Utah and Susan Collins of Maine, said such experiments could be 

conducted safely and ethically under guidelines adopted by the National Institutes of Health. Senator 

Hatch, a foe of abortion, told Mr. Bush that research with embryonic stem cells The president's advisers 

on science and health policy, including Tommy G. Thompson, the secretary of health and human services, 

see immense potential value in research with embryonic stem cells. But Karl Rove and other political 

advisers worry that support for such research would alienate conservative voters, anti-abortion groups and 

the hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church. 

eLibrary Elementary Citation: 

04-09-2003; EDITION: 1 

Ethicist weighs in on stem cell research; Jim Buckell; The Australian; 




Dr Young said stem cell research was progressing rapidly and if opportunities to extend stem cell lines 

available for research did not expand in the US, companies such as Genron would consider shifting 

overseas. Already it was developing proposals to shift work to Canada, Korea, China or Singapore, 

where restrictions were not so great. 

eLibrary Elementary Citation: Cancer, Up Close and Personal; Golden, Carl; The New York Times; 

03-30-2003; Page: 14 

I, and others like me, understand the position of those who oppose stem cell research on the ground that it 

represents destruction of human life. To us, it represents saving lives. We are not eager to engage in an 

abstract argument, probably never to be settled, over when life actually begins; many of us are painfully 

aware of when life actually ends.

eLibrary Elementary Teacher Mini-Research Guide - ProQuest

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