Mgambo Forest Reserve: A biodiversity survey. - Eastern Arc ...

Mgambo Forest Reserve
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5.2.4 Butterfly sweep-netting ...................................................................................................................44
5.2.5 Butterfly canopy traps.....................................................................................................................44
5.2.6 Mollusc plots.....................................................................................................................................44
5.2.7 Millipede plots..................................................................................................................................44
5.2.8 Dung and sign surveys....................................................................................................................44
5.2.9 Opportunistic collection and observations..................................................................................44
5.3 TRAPPING SITES AND SAMPLING INTENSITY.......................................................................................45
5.4 RESULTS...................................................................................................................................................47
5.4.1 Mammals............................................................................................................................................47
5.4.1.1 Small mammals (not including bats)....................................................................................47
5.4.1.2 Dung survey..............................................................................................................................48
5.4.1.3 Mammal observations .............................................................................................................49
5.4.1.4 Bats .............................................................................................................................................51
5.4.2 Birds...................................................................................................................................................53
5.4.3 Reptiles ..............................................................................................................................................56
5.4.4 Amphibians.......................................................................................................................................60
5.4.5 Invertebrates.....................................................................................................................................62
5.4.5.1 Butterflies...................................................................................................................................62
5.4.5.2 Molluscs.....................................................................................................................................66
5.4.5.3 Millipedes ..................................................................................................................................66
5.4.6 Distribution of endemic and forest dependent species..............................................................67
5.4 DISCUSSION.............................................................................................................................................68
5.5.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................68
5.5.2 Species Abundance and Importance.............................................................................................68
5.5.2.1 Mammals ....................................................................................................................................68
5.5.2.2 Birds............................................................................................................................................69
5.5.2.3 Reptiles.......................................................................................................................................69
5.5.2.4 Amphibians................................................................................................................................69
5.5.2.5 Invertebrates..............................................................................................................................70
5.5.2.6 Endemics and near-endemics .................................................................................................70
5.5.2.7 Forest dependent species .........................................................................................................70
5.5.2.8 High risk species.......................................................................................................................71
5.5.3 Ecological Type................................................................................................................................71
5.5.4 Endemic Status.................................................................................................................................72
5.5.5 IUCN Status......................................................................................................................................72
6.0 CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................. 73
6.1 Disturbance.......................................................................................................................................73
6.2 Species Richness...............................................................................................................................73
6.3 Flora...................................................................................................................................................73
6.4 Fauna.................................................................................................................................................74
6.5 Conservation.....................................................................................................................................74
7.0 REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 75
8.0 APPENDICES...................................................................................................... 78
APPENDIX 1: TAXONOMIC VERIFICATION .......................................................................................................78
APPENDIX 2: GPS CO-ORDINATES OF VEGETATION PLOTS...........................................................................79
APPENDIX 3: GENERAL VEGETATION PLOT DESCRIPTIONS............................................................................80
APPENDIX 4: NEW FLORA FOR THE EAST USAMBARA PLANT BIODIVERSITY DATABASE .........................81
APPENDIX 5: USEFUL PLANTS............................................................................................................................82
APPENDIX 6: MEDICINAL PLANTS.....................................................................................................................83
APPENDIX 7: REGENERATION PLOT DESCRIPTIONS........................................................................................87
APPENDIX 8: MAMMAL CAPTURE DATA...........................................................................................................88
APPENDIX 9: REPTILE CAPTURE DATA .............................................................................................................89
APPENDIX 10 : AMPHIBIAN CAPTURE DATA....................................................................................................90
APPENDIX 11: BUTTERFLY CAPTURE DATA.....................................................................................................91
APPENDIX 12: EAST USAMBARA CONSERVATION AREA MANAGEMENT ...................................................97
PROGRAMME TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES.........................................................................................................97
East Usambara Conservation Area Management Programme Technical Paper 59