Realtime Ray Tracing and Interactive Global Illumination - Scientific ...

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Betreuender Hochschullehrer / Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Philipp Slusallek, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany Gutachter / Reviewers: Philipp Slusallek, Prof. Dr.-Ing., Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany Peter Shirley, Associate Professor, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA Philip Dutre, Assistant Professor, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium Dekan / Dean: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Philipp Slusallek, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany Eingereicht am / Thesis submitted 21. Januar 2004 / Jan 21st, 2004 Datum des Kolloquiums / Date of defense: 3. Mai 2004 / May 3rd, 2004 Ingo Wald Computer Graphics Group (AG4) Max-Planck-Institut für Informatik Stuhlsatzenhausweg 85 66123 Saarbrücken wald@mpi-sb.mpg.de
iii Abstract One of the most sought-for goals in computer graphics is to generate “realism in real time”, i.e. the generation of realistically looking images at realtime frame rates. Today, virtually all approaches towards realtime rendering use graphics hardware, which is based almost exclusively on triangle rasterization. Unfortunately, though this technology has seen tremendous progress over the last few years, for many applications it is currently reaching its limits in both model complexity, supported features, and achievable realism. An alternative to triangle rasterization is the ray tracing algorithm, which is well-known for its higher flexibility, its generally higher achievable realism, and its superior scalability in both model size and compute power. However, ray tracing is also computationally demanding and thus so far is used almost exclusively for high-quality offline rendering tasks. This dissertation focuses on the question why ray tracing is likely to soon play a larger role for interactive applications, and how this scenario can be reached. To this end, we discuss the RTRT/OpenRT realtime ray tracing system, a software based ray tracing system that achieves interactive to realtime frame rates on todays commodity CPUs. In particular, we discuss the overall system design, the efficient implementation of the core ray tracing algorithms, techniques for handling dynamic scenes, an efficient parallelization framework, and an OpenGL-like low-level API. Taken together, these techniques form a complete realtime rendering engine that supports massively complex scenes, highly realistic and physically correct shading, and even physically based lighting simulation at interactive rates. In the last part of this thesis we then discuss the implications and potential of realtime ray tracing on global illumination, and how the availability of this new technology can be leveraged to finally achieve interactive global illumination – the physically correct simulation of light transport at interactive rates.
Page 1: Realtime Ray Tracing and Interactiv
Page 5: v Acknowledgements This thesis woul
Page 8 and 9: viii CONTENTS 6.4 Implications on t
Page 10 and 11: x CONTENTS
Page 12 and 13: xii LIST OF FIGURES 9.5 Instantiati
Page 14 and 15: xiv LIST OF TABLES
Page 17 and 18: Chapter 1 Introduction Over the las
Page 19 and 20: 1.1 Outline of This Thesis 5 how to
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 2 An Introduction to Ray Tr
Page 23 and 24: 2.1 The Core Concept - Ray Shooting
Page 25 and 26: 2.2 The Ray Tracing Rendering Algor
Page 31 and 32: 2.3 General Ray Tracing based Algor
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 3 A Brief Survey of Ray Tra
Page 35 and 36: 3.1 Computing less Samples in the I
Page 37 and 38: 3.2 Reducing the Number of Secondar
Page 43 and 44: 3.3 Accelerating Ray-Scene Intersec
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4.1 Why Interactive Ray Tracing ? 3
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4.2 Why not earlier, and why today
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4.2 Why not earlier, and why today
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Chapter 5 Towards Realtime Ray Trac
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5.1 Realtime Ray Tracing in Softwar
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5.1 Realtime Ray Tracing in Softwar
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5.2 Ray Tracing on Programmable GPU
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5.2 Ray Tracing on Programmable GPU
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5.3 The SaarCOR Realtime Ray Tracin
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5.4 Towards Realtime Ray Tracing -
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Part II The RTRT/OpenRT Realtime Ra
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68 Chapter 6: General Design Issues
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7.5 Future Work 125 SSE code could
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Chapter 8 The RTRT Parallelization
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8.1 General System Design 129 acros
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8.2 Optimizations 131 (for an overv
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8.3 Results 133 8.2.5 Multithreadin
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8.4 Potential Improvements 135 this
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8.4 Potential Improvements 137 8.4.
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8.5 Conclusions 139 The distributio
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Chapter 9 Handling Dynamic Scenes
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9.1 Previous Work 143 arising in dy
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9.2 A Hierarchical Approach 145 wel
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9.3 Static and Hierarchical Motion
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9.4 Fast Handling of Unstructured M
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9.5 Fast Top-Level BSP Construction
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9.7 Experiments and Results 153 9.6
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9.7 Experiments and Results 155 ing
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9.7 Experiments and Results 157 Fig
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9.7 Experiments and Results 159 wit
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9.8 Discussion 161 shading normal o
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9.8 Discussion 163 9.8.6 Scalabilit
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9.10 Future Work 165 For unstructur
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Chapter 10 The OpenRT Application P
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10.1 General Design of OpenRT 169 i
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10.2 Application Programming Interf
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10.3 OpenRTS Shader Programming Int
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10.4 Taking it all together 187 5.
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10.5 Conclusions and Future Work 18
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Chapter 11 Applications and Case St
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11.2 Physically Correct Reflections
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11.3 Visualizing Massively Complex
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11.4 Interactive Ray Tracing in Vir
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11.5 Interactive Global Lighting Si
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Part III Instant Global Illuminatio
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204 Chapter 12: Interactive Global
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214 Chapter 13: Instant Global Illu
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258 Chapter 16: Final Summary, Conc
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268 Chapter A: List of Related Pape
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270 Chapter A: List of Related Pape
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272 BIBLIOGRAPHY [AMD03a] Advanced
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