Sentiment Analysis based on Appraisal Theory and Functional Local ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

CHAPTER Page 9. DISAMBIGUATION OF MULTIPLE INTERPRETATIONS . . 159 9.1. Ambiguities from Earlier Steps of Extraction . . . . . . . 159 9.2. Discriminative Reranking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 9.3. Applying Discriminative Reranking in FLAG . . . . . . . 164 9.4. Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 10. EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 10.1. General Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 10.2. Attitude Group Extraction Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . 173 10.3. Linkage Specification Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 10.4. Does Learning Linkage Specifications Help? . . . . . . . . 181 10.5. The Document Emphasizing Processes and Superordinates 186 10.6. The Effect of Attitude Type Constraints and Rare Slots . . 187 10.7. Applying the Disambiguator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 10.8. The Disambiguator Feature Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 10.9. End-to-end extraction results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 10.10. Learning Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 10.11. The UIC Review Corpus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 11. CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 11.1. Appraisal Expression Extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 11.2. <strong>Sentiment</strong> Extraction in Non-Review Domains . . . . . . 205 11.3. FLAG’s Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 11.4. FLAG’s Best Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 11.5. Directions for Future Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 APPENDIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 A. READING A SYSTEM DIAGRAM IN SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL LINGUISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 A.1. A Simple System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 A.2. Simultaneous Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 A.3. Entry Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 A.4. Realizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 B. ANNOTATION MANUAL FOR THE IIT SENTIMENT CORPUS 217 B.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 B.2. Attitude Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 B.3. Comparative Appraisals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 B.4. The Target Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 vi
APPENDIX Page B.5. Evaluator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 B.6. Which Slots are Present in Different Attitude Types? . . . 244 B.7. Using Callisto to Tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 B.8. Summary of Slots to Extract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 B.9. Tagging Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 vii
Page 1 and 2: SENTIMENT ANALYSIS BASED ON APPRAIS
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGMENT I am thankful to God
Page 5: CHAPTER Page 4. THEORETICAL FRAMEWO
Page 9 and 10: Table Page 10.14 Performance with t
Page 11 and 12: Figure Page 8.1 “The Matrix is a
Page 13 and 14: ABSTRACT Much of the past work in s
Page 15 and 16: 2 sentiment is to understand where
Page 17 and 18: 4 tasks, it is necessary to use str
Page 19 and 20: 6 1.2 Structured Opinion Extraction
Page 21 and 22: 8 for example. (2) There are a few
Page 23 and 24: 10 evaluated in ways that are suite
Page 25 and 26: 12 appraisal expressions accurately
Page 27 and 28: 14 annotated corpus of opinionated
Page 29 and 30: 16 H7: Restricting linkage specific
Page 31 and 32: 18 as rows and columns as sentiment
Page 33 and 34: 20 2.3 Review Classification One of
Page 35 and 36: 22 use perceptron-based</st
Page 37 and 38: 24 reconciling the differences in t
Page 39 and 40: 26 that describe them. Indeed, when
Page 41 and 42: 28 achieve 0.642 precision and 0.69
Page 43 and 44: 30 word). CFACTS breaks each docume
Page 45 and 46: 32 sets contained seven representat
Page 47 and 48: 34 Sentiment Agree
Page 49 and 50: 36 using the top-level attitude typ
Page 51 and 52: 38 Indexing [42], but rather than u
Page 53 and 54: 40 Core Evaluative Parameters Compr
Page 55 and 56: 42 of evoked appraisal [20, 104, 10
Page 57 and 58:
44 has been marked for the transfor
Page 59 and 60:
46 appear in the COBUILD dictionary
Page 61 and 62:
48 where the head word is located i
Page 63 and 64:
50 which pattern to use to parse a
Page 65 and 66:
52 analysis to link the semantic in
Page 67 and 68:
54 Direct Object: Person] or [Subje
Page 69 and 70:
56 derstanding the specific textual
Page 71 and 72:
58 word’s attribute values from t
Page 73 and 74:
60 The Darmstadt Service Review Cor
Page 75 and 76:
62 easiest nsubj aux prep prep flig
Page 77 and 78:
64 not obviously negative to someon
Page 79 and 80:
66 categories that identify their l
Page 81 and 82:
68 The last major type of attitude
Page 83 and 84:
70 Figure 4.3. The Engagement syste
Page 85 and 86:
72 general concept of each componen
Page 87 and 88:
74 people’s opinions, disagreemen
Page 89 and 90:
76 belongs to the left side of the
Page 91 and 92:
78 CHAPTER 5 EVALUATION RESOURCES T
Page 93 and 94:
80 Sentiment Agree
Page 95 and 96:
82 (which corresponds more-or-less
Page 97 and 98:
84 or sentiment, and whether they a
Page 99 and 100:
86 Tagged features router[+2] setup
Page 101 and 102:
88 Tagged features product[+2][p] r
Page 103 and 104:
90 “I made this mistake” in exa
Page 105 and 106:
92 people, and if you join an Epini
Page 107 and 108:
94 of 180 camera reviews and 462 ca
Page 109 and 110:
96 • attitude Smoked target taill
Page 111 and 112:
98 earlier sentence. Though it is p
Page 113 and 114:
100 have narrative content, and at
Page 115 and 116:
102 quickly. While training this an
Page 117 and 118:
104 her last breath. It appears to
Page 119 and 120:
106 CHAPTER 6 LEXICON-BASED ATTITUD
Page 121 and 122:
108 of the extra choices to be made
Page 123 and 124:
110 Attitude Type Appreciation Comp
Page 125 and 126:
112 attributes. An adjectival appra
Page 127 and 128:
114 Table 6.1. Manually and Automat
Page 129 and 130:
116 word can only appear once in th
Page 131 and 132:
118 ⎡ ⎢ ⎣ Attitude: affect Or
Page 133 and 134:
120 NER BIO models, this is useful
Page 135 and 136:
122 • For each token at position
Page 137 and 138:
124 CHAPTER 7 THE LINKAGE EXTRACTOR
Page 139 and 140:
126 targets. One common way to indi
Page 141 and 142:
128 7.2 Linkage Specifications FLAG
Page 143 and 144:
130 The second part of the linkage
Page 145 and 146:
132 later. When an attitude group m
Page 147 and 148:
134 In the third phase (line 8), th
Page 149 and 150:
136 attitude: type=appreciation The
Page 151 and 152:
138 Priority 1 2 3 Appraisal Expres
Page 153 and 154:
140 that the text of these slots co
Page 155 and 156:
142 Algorithm 8.1 Algorithm for top
Page 157 and 158:
144 particular word in position onl
Page 159 and 160:
146 First linkage specifications 1
Page 161 and 162:
148 a hash map or an array for fast
Page 163 and 164:
150 documents about a single topic,
Page 165 and 166:
152 8.6 Heuristically Generating Ca
Page 167 and 168:
154 • attitude, target, process,
Page 169 and 170:
156 In the first step of the compar
Page 171 and 172:
158 Algorithm 8.3 Covering algorith
Page 173 and 174:
160 Second, it is possible for seve
Page 175 and 176:
162 143, 188]. Although FLAG does n
Page 177 and 178:
164 are out of order. This turns ou
Page 179 and 180:
166 • The preposition connecting
Page 181 and 182:
168 CHAPTER 10 EVALUATION OF PERFOR
Page 183 and 184:
170 of linkage specifications are u
Page 185 and 186:
172 extracted by FLAG that had ambi
Page 187 and 188:
174 as they would be after linking,
Page 189 and 190:
176 Table 10.4. Accuracy of Differe
Page 191 and 192:
178 expressions in a few sentences
Page 193 and 194:
180 (these are discussed in Section
Page 195 and 196:
182 Table 10.5. Performance of Diff
Page 197 and 198:
184 It is worth investigating wheth
Page 199 and 200:
186 10.5 The Document Emphasizing P
Page 201 and 202:
188 Table 10.10. The Effect of Atti
Page 203 and 204:
190 Table 10.13. Performance with t
Page 205 and 206:
192 Table 10.16. Performance with t
Page 207 and 208:
194 Table 10.18. End-to-end Extract
Page 209 and 210:
196 sion extraction, and more resea
Page 211 and 212:
198 for FLAG on each of the testing
Page 213 and 214:
200 0.42 0.4 0.38 0.36 0.34 0.32 0.
Page 215 and 216:
202 majority vote of the different
Page 217 and 218:
204 CHAPTER 11 CONCLUSION 11.1 Appr
Page 219 and 220:
206 In the IIT sentiment corpus, co
Page 221 and 222:
208 The definition of appraisal exp
Page 223 and 224:
210 intended to be a first step in
Page 225 and 226:
212 APPENDIX A READING A SYSTEM DIA
Page 227 and 228:
214 describing the choice to be mad
Page 229 and 230:
216 A.4 Realizations The realizatio
Page 231 and 232:
218 B.1 Introduction We are creatin
Page 233 and 234:
220 tensifier such as “more”. I
Page 235 and 236:
222 as though the polarity word has
Page 237 and 238:
224 R. R. White, and examples of wo
Page 239 and 240:
226 Inscribed appraisal uses explic
Page 241 and 242:
228 (95) So, if you have a attitude
Page 243 and 244:
230 • “ comparator more attitud
Page 245 and 246:
232 If there is a comparator in the
Page 247 and 248:
234 the target-antecedent. The targ
Page 249 and 250:
236 In example 122, we are faced wi
Page 251 and 252:
238 as in example 131. A common sig
Page 253 and 254:
240 (138) target Zack would be eval
Page 255 and 256:
242 In example 143, the evaluator,
Page 257 and 258:
244 In example 151, the possessive
Page 259 and 260:
246 (161) target Today was an attit
Page 261 and 262:
248 Table B.1. How to tag multiple
Page 263 and 264:
250 BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] Akkaya, C., Wi
Page 265 and 266:
252 [26] Bloom, K. and Argamon, S.
Page 267 and 268:
254 [50] Etzioni, O., Banko, M., an
Page 269 and 270:
256 [74] Izard, C. E. (1971). The F
Page 271 and 272:
258 [98] Lexalytics Inc. (2011). So
Page 273 and 274:
260 [124] Mullen, A. and Collier, N
Page 275 and 276:
262 [148] Seki, Y., Ku, L.-W., Sun,
Page 277 and 278:
264 [173] Whitelaw, C., Garg, N., a
show all

Sentiment Analysis based on Appraisal Theory and Functional Local ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?