Weekend/Weekday Ozone Observations in the South Coast Air Basin

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PREFACE The Desert Research Institute (DRI) and Sonoma Technology, Inc. (STI) conducted a study of the causes of elevated ozone levels on weekends in the South Coast (Los Angeles) Air Basin (SoCAB). This work was conducted over a period of 30 months beginning in December 1999. In the initial phase of the study, DRI examined the spatial, temporal, and statistical distributions of ozone, carbon monoxide, total non-methane hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides for routine monitoring sites in the SoCAB with continuous data from 1981 to 1998. STI reviewed available activity data for VOC and NOx emissions and investigated important meteorological phenomena in the SoCAB in the context of day-of-week variations. The results and findings from these retrospective analyses are summarized in the following three volumes: • Fujita, E.M., W. Stockwell, R.E. Keislar, D.E. Campbell, P.T. Roberts, T.H. Funk, C.P. MacDonald, H.H. Main, and LR. Chinkin (2000a). Weekend/Weekday Ozone Observations in the South Coast Air Basin: Retrospective Analysis of Ambient and Emissions Data and Refinement of Hypotheses, Volume I – Executive Summary. Final report prepared by the Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV and Sonoma Technology, Petaluma, CA for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, December 2000. • Fujita, E.M., W. Stockwell, R.E. Keislar, and D.E. Campbell (2000b). Weekend/Weekday Ozone Observations in the South Coast Air Basin: Retrospective Analysis of Ambient and Emissions Data and Refinement of Hypotheses, Volume II – Desert Research Institute Tasks 1 and 2. Prepared by the Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, December 2000. • Roberts, P.T., T. H. Funk, C.P. MacDonald, H.H. Main, and L.R. Chinkin (2001). Weekend/Weekday Ozone Observations in the South Coast Air Basin: Retrospective Analysis of Ambient and Emissions Data and Refinement of Hypotheses, Volume III – Final Report Prepared by Sonoma Technology, Inc., Petaluma, CA for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, January 2001. In the second phase of the study, a field measurement program was conducted in September-October 2000 to collect and assemble air quality and emission activity databases to examine relationships between emission patterns and key air quality parameters relevant to the weekend ozone effect. The following interim report presents preliminary results from the field study and describes the applicable measurement methods and approaches for data analysis: • Fujita, E.M., D.E. Campbell, W. Stockwell, B. Zielinska, J.C. Sagebiel, W. Goliff, M.Keith, and J.L. Bowen (2001). Weekend/Weekday Ozone Observations in the South Coast Air Basin: Phase II Field Study. Interim report prepared by the Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, November 2001. The final report of this study consists of the three volumes referenced below. The Executive Summary (Volume I) provides a synthesis of the results obtained by DRI and STI with respect to a variety of hypotheses for the weekend ozone effect. Volume II documents the results ii
obtained by DRI from the Phase II field study. It also summarizes the retrospective analyses performed during Phase I and additional analyses that were conducted by DRI to update the findings from Phase I. Volume III is a summary of STI’s analysis of the prevailing meteorology during the Phase II field study and their collection of emission activity data in support of this study. Volume III also includes a discussion of weekday/weekend differences in hydrocarbons. • Fujita, E.M., D.E. Campbell, W. Stockwell, P.T. Roberts, T.H. Funk, C.P. MacDonald, H.H. Main, and LR. Chinkin (2002). Weekend/Weekday Ozone Observations in the South Coast Air Basin Volume I – Executive Summary. Report prepared by the Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV and Sonoma Technology, Petaluma, CA for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, and the Coordinating Research Council, May 2002. • Fujita, E.M., D.E. Campbell, W. Stockwell, R. Keislar, B. Zielinska, J.C. Sagebiel, W. Goliff, M. Keith, and J.L. Bowen (2002). Weekend/Weekday Ozone Observations in the South Coast Air Basin Volume II: Analysis of Air Quality Data. Final report prepared by the Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, and the Coordinating Research Council, April 2002. • Chinkin L.R., H.H. Main, and P.T Roberts. (2002). Weekend/Weekday Ozone Observations in the South Coast Air Basin Volume III: Analysis of Summer 2000 Field Measurements and Supporting Data. Final report prepared by Sonoma Technology, Inc., Petaluma, CA for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, April 2002. iii
Page 1: WEEKEND/WEEKDAY OZONE OBSERVATIONS
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface..........
Page 7 and 8: Table No. Table 1.4-1 Table 1.4-2 T
Page 9 and 10: periods by day-of-week at Los Angel
Page 11 and 12: Figure 1.4-13. Hourly average nitro
Page 13 and 14: Figure 3.1-2 Mean day-of-the-week v
Page 15 and 16: Figure 4.4-1b. Mean estimated sourc
Page 17 and 18: 1. STUDY PERSPECTIVE AND SUMMARY Th
Page 19 and 20: 40 percent. Consequently, the contr
Page 21 and 22: dioxide (NO 2 ) 4 , and carbon mono
Page 23 and 24: and upwind samples before and after
Page 25 and 26: where J 1 is the photolysis frequen
Page 27 and 28: transported from an urban center to
Page 29 and 30: of the week on Friday and Saturday.
Page 31 and 32: VOC reactivity, photochemical aging
Page 33 and 34: corresponding source attributions a
Page 35 and 36: multiplicative constant. This const
Page 37 and 38: Table 1.4-1 Trends in Duration and
Page 39 and 40: Table 1.4-3 Regression Statistics f
Page 41 and 42: O 3 Ozone Formation Chemistry NO 2
Page 43 and 44: 200 1981-84 200 1995-98 160 160 120
Page 45 and 46: 100 NO 1000 NMHC (estimated from CO
Page 47 and 48: 5 Sunday - Wednesday (1981-84) 10 T
Page 49 and 50: 10.0 8.0 NMHC/NOx 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 S
Page 51 and 52: Ratio of Peak Ozone to Potential Oz
Page 53 and 54:
Nitrogen Oxides at Azusa, 9/30/00 t
Page 55 and 56:
Ambient NOx Associated with CO and
Page 57 and 58:
Source Contribution Estimate (ug/m3
Page 59 and 60:
2.8 2.6 Ozone (ppb) 2.4 log NOx (pp
Page 61 and 62:
2. EVOLUTION OF THE OZONE EFFECT IN
Page 63 and 64:
the SoCAB has dropped sharply as sh
Page 65 and 66:
the duration of ozone accumulation,
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• NO 2 concentrations and NO 2 /N
Page 69 and 70:
Table 2-1 Air Quality Parameters fo
Page 71 and 72:
0.18 Azusa, Summer 1995 12.0 0.15 1
Page 73 and 74:
250 200 150 100 50 0 1976 1977 1978
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80 1981-84 60 40 20 0 80 Sun Mon Tu
Page 77 and 78:
1.00 1981-84 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.
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160 1981-84 120 80 40 0 160 Sun Mon
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5.0 1981-84 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 5.0
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12.00 1981-84 11.00 10.00 9.00 8.00
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NMHC (ppbC) 1000 800 600 400 200 4-
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10.00 1981-84 8.00 6.00 4.00 2.00 0
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Sunday 1981-84 Time (PDT) 16 15 14
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16 Sunday 1990-94 35 Time (PDT) 15
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40 Sunday O3 Accumulation Rate (ppb
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15.0 1981-84 12.0 9.0 6.0 3.0 0.0 1
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3. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CURRENT
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3.2 Weekday Differences in Diurnal
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timing hypothesis, which requires a
Page 103 and 104:
through the conversion of NO to NO
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Weekday Differences in Diurnal Vari
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activity including [HNO 3 ]/[H 2 O
Page 109 and 110:
Table 3.2-1 Day-of-the-Week Variati
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Table 3.3-1b Day-of-the-Week Differ
Page 117 and 118:
120 Los Angeles - N. Main - Saturda
Page 119 and 120:
160 140 Upland - Saturdays mean Ozo
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maximum 1hour ozone (ppb) 100 90 80
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NMHC/NOx ratio 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 S
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Los Angeles - N. Main Azusa 140 140
Page 127 and 128:
Los Angeles - N. Main Azusa 140 140
Page 129 and 130:
2.8 2.6 PAN (ppb) 2.8 2.6 HCHO (ppb
Page 131 and 132:
NO2 Photolysis Rate Parameter 0.35
Page 133 and 134:
4. WEEKDAY VARIATIONS IN THE SOURCE
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9 a.m. andnoon. Sampling was conduc
Page 137 and 138:
interfaced to an Entech model 7100
Page 139 and 140:
values measured at the regional sit
Page 141 and 142:
into a category named "UNID." The s
Page 143 and 144:
more than a few percent of the tota
Page 145 and 146:
period, the amount of NOx associate
Page 147 and 148:
weekend/weekday differences during
Page 149 and 150:
• Day-of-the-week changes in the
Page 151 and 152:
Table 4.4-1 Default Source Composit
Page 153 and 154:
Table 4.4-1a Number of observations
Page 155 and 156:
Table 4.4-1c Number of observations
Page 157 and 158:
Table 4.4-2a Number of observations
Page 159 and 160:
Table 4.4-2c Number of observations
Page 161 and 162:
Table 4.4-3a CMB Performance Parame
Page 163 and 164:
Table 4.4-3c Source Contribution Es
Page 165 and 166:
Table 4.5-2 Weekend/Weekday Differe
Page 167 and 168:
800 700 600 Wednesday NO and NOy (p
Page 169 and 170:
Estimated NOx Estimated NOx (ppb) 5
Page 171 and 172:
VOC/NOx Ratios 6.0 5.0 4.0 Mon, 10/
Page 173 and 174:
Nitrogen Oxides at Azusa 80 60 02-0
Page 175 and 176:
Nitrogen Oxides at Pico Rivera 180
Page 177 and 178:
Nonmethane Organic Gas at Azusa 500
Page 179 and 180:
Nonmethane Organic Gas at Pico Rive
Page 181 and 182:
NMOG/NOx Ratios at Azusa 20 15 02-0
Page 183 and 184:
estimated contribution by source (u
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500 Nonmethane Hydrocarbons 400 NMH
Page 187 and 188:
5 Azusa, Weekdays 6-9 a.m (10/2/00-
Page 189 and 190:
2.0 Azusa, Weekdays 6-9 a.m (10/2/0
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Pico Rivera 150 120 BC-Associated C
Page 199 and 200:
Nitrogen Oxides 800.00 700.00 600.0
Page 201 and 202:
5. REFERENCES Altshuler, S.L., T.D.
Page 203 and 204:
Fujita, E.M., J.G. Watson, J.C. Cho
Page 205 and 206:
Roberts, J.M. (1983) Measurements o
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Weekend/Weekday Ozone Observations in the South Coast Air Basin

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