Tidal_PAD_V1_Sec4.pdf - Snohomish County PUD

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Snohomish County PUD –Pre-Application Document 4 – Existing Environment Figure 4-7. Coho salmon stream habitat for Puget Sound (Streamnet 2005) 4.4.2.2 Pink Salmon Pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbushcha) are relatively unique within the salmon family, displaying several life history traits that distinguish them from other salmonid species (NOAA 1995b). For example, juveniles display schooling behavior, adults are smaller overall, and strong sexual dimorphism is common. Pink salmon range on the West Coast from southern Puget Sound to Alaska. Sizeable populations of pink salmon spawn in both large and small river systems during late summer and fall. Approximately 70 percent of spawning occurs in northern Puget Sound 4-66 January 31, 2008
Snohomish County PUD –Pre-Application Document 4 – Existing Environment (WDF et al. 1993 via 60fr1928). Juvenile pink salmon migrate rapidly downstream in schools, residing in estuaries from several weeks to a few months and then enter the ocean environment. Ocean residence is from twelve to sixteen months (Heard 1991). Maturing at two years of age, pink salmon display a unique and rigid age structure (Turner and Bilton 1968). This structure results in two broodlines that include both even and odd-year populations. Odd-year pink salmon are commonly found in the southern range of the species, while even-year salmon are densely populated in the northern range towards Alaska (Heard 1991). Odd-year pink salmon are found throughout the Sound and are genetically isolated from populations north of the Johnstone Strait region of British Columbia (NOAA 1995b). In their 1995 review, NMFS found that odd-year pink salmon evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) appeared to be healthy with an overall abundance close to historic levels. Furthermore, NMFS did not identify any factors that may threaten the near-term survival of genetically important populations such as the Nisqually and Nooksack runs (NOAA 1995b). Only a single population of even-year pink salmon occurs in the United States south of Alaska (NOAA 1995b). The Snohomish River serves as the natal stream. While the size of the population is relatively small, it is stable and gradually increasing. Moreover genetic differences between the Snohomish River population and other runs in southern British Columbia have not been found to be significant. WDFW estimated the 2007 run of pink salmon would be an estimated 3.3 million, an increase of 1.3 million from the relatively large runs of 2005. Most pink salmon are wild fish. WDFW projected the 2007 population would include less than 6,000 area hatchery fish. The biggest runs were projected to return to the Green, Puyallup and Snohomish rivers during the summer. The reasoning for this was that the Green and Puyallup Rivers did not flood during spawning season and the fish were doing well in the Pacific Ocean (Allen 2007). 4-67 January 31, 2008
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