CHNN 22, Spring 2008 - School of Social Sciences

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Seminar Report ‘Syndicalism and Revolutionary Communist Trade Unionism in Wales and the Wider World’ O n Saturday 22 September 2007, this one-day seminar was held at the University of Glamorgan. The well-attended event was held under the auspices of the Centre for Modern and Contemporary Wales and marked the second in a series of seminars held in collaboration with the universities of Manchester (Kevin Morgan) and Leicester (Steve Hopkins). The two morning sessions were devoted to developments in Wales. The first session focussed on Emma Goldman. The filmmaker Colin Thomas, of ‘The Dragon Speaks with Two Tongues’ renown, returned an element of passion to the marriage of political convenience between Goldman and the Scottish miner and radical, James Colton, who was employed in the South Wales coalfield. Kevin Morgan (Manchester) then located Goldman’s anti-bolshevism within the context of the British left and reflected on her experience of Wales and its political culture. In the second session, Steffan Morgan (Swansea) offered a gendered analysis of the 1984-1985 miners’ strike in South Wales in order to reflect on notions of masculinity and respectability. He was paired with Alex Gordon, a full-time RMT union official in the South Wales region, who spoke on the ‘forgotten history’ of ‘Charles Watkins and Syndicalist Railwaymen’. The first afternoon session went on to locate the origins and development of syndicalism on a global scale. Ralph Darlington’s (Salford) anatomy of the conditions that fostered the growth of syndicalism was a wide-ranging as it was compelling, drawing examples from Britain, Ireland, the Americas and Spain. Using images of anarcho-syndicalist propaganda during the Spanish Civil War, Sharif Gemie (Glamorgan) valuably illustrated the modernist project that lay at the heart of movement in Barcelona. The afternoon concluded with a session on North America. Edward Johanningsmeier (University of Delaware) – whose participation was made possible by collaboration between the universities of Glamorgan and Delaware – demonstrated the strong syndicalist influence on the trade-union policies of the American Communist Party (CPUSA), while locating this within the party’s relationship with Moscow. The concluding paper, by John Manley (University of Central Lancashire), assessed the role of Canadian communist Bob Haddow, in the party’s industrial policy during the Second World War. Norry La Porte, University of Glamorgan 8
Thesis reports The Communist Party of Great Britain and Anti-Racist Politics, 1948-1981 This PhD thesis was successfully completed in December 2007 for the Department of History at Flinders University, South Australia. A copy has been sent to the Labour History Archive and Study Centre in Manchester. T his thesis examines how the Communist Party of Great Britain, as the largest political organisation to the left of the Labour Party and an influential force within the trade unions, reacted to the arrival of immigrants from the Commonwealth in the post-war period, how anti-racism was incorporated into the party’s wider struggle for socialism and the practical role that the party occupied within the anti-racist movement in Britain. The scope of the thesis begins with the onset of large-scale black immigration, symbolized by the arrival of the SS Empire Windrush with 492 West Indians aboard at Tilbury in June 1948, through what Robert Miles and Annie Phizacklea described as ‘the racialisation of British politics’, 1 ending with the riots across Britain in the summer of 1981, when black and white youth reacted violently towards the institutions of the state under Thatcherism. This time frame corresponds with the shifts in the Communist Party’s post-war strategy towards parliamentary democracy under The British Road to Socialism and through their ‘Indian Summer’ 2 during the industrial militancy of the late 1960s and early 1970s, before the party suffered internal schisms and declining membership in the early 1980s. The history of anti-racism and the Communist Party was the history of a potential squandered, one that had greatly diminished between the 1950s, when many black immigrants were attracted to the party due to its anti-colonial legacy, and the early 1980s, when the party was in sharp decline and the black communities were wary of labour movement that had for so long minimised the problems of racism that black Britons faced. At the heart of the division between the CPGB and black workers was the belief that racism was borne out of capitalism and that measures taken to combat racism needed to be encompassed into the wider activities of the class struggle. Despite the CPGB declaring that the interests of white and black workers were essentially the same, the party faced major problems in convincing white workers, including the party’s own members, to be actively involved in the fight against racism, particularly against racial discrimination in the workplace and amongst the labour movement. There are several factors that need to be examined in a history of the CPGB and anti-racist politics, which are focused upon in this thesis. It must be remembered that the CPGB was primarily made up of skilled and semi-skilled workers and, more so than other European communist parties, was significantly representative of the nation’s working class. This is important as racism was pervasive in British society in the post-war period and racist beliefs were abundant in the working class. The Communist Party, by recruiting workers, could not be immune to some forms of racial prejudice amongst its members, but it is important to analyse how anti-racist sentiment was formed within the party and what practical effects this had upon anti-racist activities by party members. Although the party did have an important legacy of being involved in anti-colonial and anti-fascist struggles, many of its (primarily white) members had not been involved in this sphere of party activity and during the economic boom of the post-war period, were more concerned with the ‘bread and butter’ issues of wage militancy and protecting workers’ rights. 3 Although these trade union issues were extremely important, the problems faced by black workers were often overlooked and issues of racism were subordinated to the class struggle. The perception of racism as a construct of the capitalists to divide the working class and its eradication tied to the ideal of socialist revolution meant that combating racism was consistently neglected, not just by the CPGB, but by most sections of the labour movement and the left. The CPGB was willing to make use of its black members, but the focus of the party remained upon the issues of industrial class politics. Just as important as the party’s attitude towards ‘race’ and its place within the class struggle was the practical implications of the party’s post-war strategy upon anti-racist activism. Outlined in the 9
Page 1 and 2: C O M M U N I S T H I S T O R Y N E
Page 3 and 4: Contents ANNOUNCEMENT New journal:
Page 5 and 6: Announcement New journal: From the
Page 7: C ommunism was one of the defining
Page 11 and 12: the party still viewed the issue of
Page 13 and 14: sending the President of the Board
Page 15 and 16: Research note Regional Membership F
Page 17 and 18: Figure 2. 1955 Membership Data, and
Page 19 and 20: Figure b2. Membership Totals, biann
Page 21 and 22: Concluding Remarks Without further
Page 23 and 24: a major factor in his decision, on
Page 25 and 26: to climb over the wall because I co
Page 27 and 28: with Cole there sort of presiding.
Page 29 and 30: epudiated, and you apologise to Tit
Page 31 and 32: direction and this reinforced my de
Page 33 and 34: one accepted the term, there were d
Page 35 and 36: She last visited the museum in Apri
Page 37 and 38: Don’t forget that this was post-S
Page 39 and 40: else. The party there was far more
Page 41 and 42: tended to be a bit broader. Eddie g
Page 43 and 44: they were marched out and the doors
Page 45 and 46: publicity, without caring a fig for
Page 47 and 48: would not have known this. Or would
Page 49 and 50: In his synopsis for an autobiograph
Page 51 and 52: to entirely go along with Cohen’s
Page 53 and 54: party represented the more recent t
Page 55 and 56: Jim Riordan: The Last British Comra
Page 57 and 58: there, and eaten them. There is to
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Sobhanlal Datta Gupta. Comintern an
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IWW Bibliography A century of writi
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Werstein, Irving. Pie In the Sky: A
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Sellars, Nigel Anthony. Oil, Wheat
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pages. A complete biography. Smith
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Queensland Press, 1988, illus., 252
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Lewis, Austin. The Militant Proleta
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ut critical of their failure to res
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Burke, Fielding (pseud. for Olive T
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Smedley, Agnes. Daughter of Earth.
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CHNN 22, Spring 2008 - School of Social Sciences

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