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the situation if the victim and/or<br />

bully are unknown to them by role<br />

playing giving the details that must<br />

be reported so the adult knows the<br />

correct action to take. For example,<br />

the reporter needs to tell the adult<br />

❑ when the bullying occurred<br />

❑ where it occurred<br />

❑ who was involved<br />

❑ what happened<br />

Practicing all <strong>of</strong> these scenarios is<br />

recommended throughout the school<br />

Role play how to<br />

report bullying.<br />

year as children mature.<br />

Step 6: Establish a<br />

Reporting System<br />

Make sure children know which<br />

adults in the building and elsewhere<br />

in the community are responsible<br />

for receiving bullying reports. Make<br />

sure children know their names and<br />

where to find them—and that the<br />

adults know the children!<br />

With all these efforts, some children<br />

may still be reluctant to report<br />

bullying. In these cases, a system to<br />

anonymously report situations may<br />

be needed. For older children, a suggestion<br />

box could be established in<br />

which a student fills out a form and<br />

inserts it into a box that the principal<br />

regularly checks.<br />

Simple awareness <strong>of</strong> their behavior<br />

may deter some bullies from acting<br />

out their inclination to harass<br />

others at school. The students who<br />

are constant <strong>of</strong>fenders need to be<br />

found out and appropriately counseled<br />

and/or disciplined.<br />

Resolving the bully’s underlying<br />

issues creates a challenge for teachers<br />

and families. Each bully’s motivation<br />

is specific to the child; therefore,<br />

the focus <strong>of</strong> a school-wide program<br />

is to eliminate the conditions<br />

that make it convenient for the<br />

bully to act out his or her aggression.<br />

Establishing clear expectations<br />

for positive behavior and consistent<br />

consequences, such as removal from<br />

the situation and contacting parents<br />

when inappropriate behavior<br />

occurs, are recommended strategies<br />

to help the bully (Davis, 2005;<br />

National Association <strong>of</strong> School Psychologists,<br />

2002).<br />

* * *<br />

When students, educators, and<br />

families come together as a community<br />

<strong>of</strong> learners to create something<br />

important for the good <strong>of</strong> everyone,<br />

they all have a sense <strong>of</strong> ownership<br />

and belonging. Children who know<br />

that the adults in their world care<br />

enough to help them establish a program<br />

for their protection and safety<br />

will contribute a great deal to the<br />

program’s positive atmosphere.<br />

Children will see school as not only<br />

a safe place, but a good place to<br />

belong, where people care about<br />

each other. What better way to help<br />

young children grow in justice,<br />

compassion, and human dignity?<br />

Hearing about bullying and living<br />

with it on a daily basis <strong>of</strong>ten<br />

makes the issue seem too overwhelming<br />

for one teacher to make a<br />

difference. There are no easy answers.<br />

However, if one teacher can influence<br />

others to pull together, major<br />

changes can be made. One school at<br />

a time, the problem <strong>of</strong> bullying can<br />

be turned around and result in a<br />

stronger community. Children deserve<br />

safe places to learn and play.<br />

References<br />

Banks, R. (1997). Bullying in schools.<br />

(ERIC Document Reproduction Service<br />

No. ED407154)<br />

Camodeca, M., Goossens, F.A., Terwogt,<br />

M.M., & Schuengel, C. (2002). Bullying<br />

and victimization among school-age<br />

children: Stability and links to proactive<br />

and reactive aggression. Social Development,<br />

11(3), 332-345.<br />

Cowie, H. (2000). Bystanding or standing<br />

by: Gender issues in coping with bullying<br />

in English schools. Aggressive<br />

Behavior, 26, 85-97.<br />

Craig, W.M., & Pepler, D. (2003). Identifying<br />

and targeting risk for involvement<br />

in bullying and victimization. The<br />

Canadian Journal <strong>of</strong> Psychiatry, 48,<br />

577-582.<br />

Craig, W.M., Pepler, D., & Atlas, R.<br />

(2000). Observations <strong>of</strong> bullying in the<br />

playground and in the classroom.<br />

School Psychology International, 21(1),<br />

22-36.<br />

Dake, J.A., Price, J.H., Telljohann, S.K.,<br />

& Funk, J.B. (2003). Teacher perceptions<br />

and practices regarding school<br />

bullying prevention. Journal <strong>of</strong> School<br />

Health, 73, 347-355.<br />

Dake, J.A., Price, J.H., Telljohann, S.K., &<br />

Funk, J.B. (2004). Principals’ perceptions<br />

and practices <strong>of</strong> school bullying<br />

prevention activities. Health Education<br />

and Behavior, 31(3), 372-387.<br />

Davis, S. (2005). Schools where everyone<br />

belongs: Practical strategies for reducing<br />

bullying. Champaign, IL: Research Press.<br />

Eslea, M., & Rees, J. (2000). At what age<br />

are children most likely to be bullied at<br />

school? Aggressive Behavior, 27, 419-429.<br />

Ellis, S.M., Gallingane, C., & Kemple,<br />

K.M. (2006, Fall). Fiction, fables, and<br />

fairytales: Children’s books can support<br />

friendships. <strong>Dimensions</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Early</strong> <strong>Childhood</strong>,<br />

34(3), 28-35.<br />

Fekkes, M., Pijpers, F.I.M., & Verloove-<br />

Vanhorick, S.P. (2005). Bullying: Who<br />

does what, when, and where? Involvement<br />

<strong>of</strong> children, teachers and parents<br />

in bullying behavior. Health Education<br />

Research, 20(1), 81-91.<br />

Furth, H.G. (1970). Piaget for teachers.<br />

Englewood Cliffs: NJ: Prentice-Hall.<br />

Gropper, N., & Froschl, M. (1999). The<br />

role <strong>of</strong> gender in young children’s teasing<br />

and bullying behavior. (ERIC Document<br />

Reproduction Service No.<br />

ED431162)<br />

Hunter, S.C., Boyle, J.M. E., & Warden,<br />

D. (2004). Help seeking amongst child<br />

and adolescent victims <strong>of</strong> peer-aggres-<br />

Winter 2007 DIMENSIONS OF EARLY CHILDHOOD Volume 35, Number 1 9

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