VDM-10 Language Manual

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$Course Material\Efficiently Coding Communication Protocols in C++ ...$

VDM-10 Language Manual also present in languages like Smalltalk-80 and Java. This combination facilitates the development of object oriented formal specifications. 1.3 The VDM Real Time Language (VDM-RT) The VDM-RT language (formerly called VICE as an acronym for “VDM++ In Constrained Environments”) is used to appropriately model and analyse Real-Time embedded and distributed systems [Mukherjee&00, Verhoef&06, Verhoef&07, Verhoef08, Larsen&09]. 1.4 Purpose of The Document This document is the language reference manual for all the VDM-10 dialects. The syntax of VDM language constructs is defined using grammar rules. The meaning of each language construct is explained in an informal manner and some small examples are given. The description is supposed to be suited for ‘looking up’ information rather than for ‘sequential reading’; it is a manual rather than a tutorial. The reader is expected be familiar with the concepts of object oriented programming/design. We will use the ASCII (also called the interchange) concrete syntax but we will display all reserved words in a special keyword font. Note that general Unicode identifiers are allowed so it is for example possible to write Japanese characters directly. 1.5 Structure of the Document Section 2 presents the BNF notation used for the description of syntactic constructs. The VDM notations are described in section 3 to section 17. Section 19 contains a short explanation of the static semantics of the VDM languages. The complete syntax of the language is described in Appendix A, the lexical specification in Appendix B and the operator precedence in Appendix C. Appendix D presents a list of the differences between symbols in the mathematical syntax and the ASCII concrete syntax. 2
Chapter 2 Concrete Syntax Notation Wherever the syntax for parts of the language is presented in the document it will be described in a BNF dialect. The BNF notation used employs the following special symbols: , the concatenate symbol = the define symbol | the definition separator symbol (alternatives) [ ] enclose optional syntactic items { } enclose syntactic items which may occur zero or more times ‘ ’ single quotes are used to enclose terminal symbols meta identifier non-terminal symbols are written in lower-case letters (possibly including spaces) ; terminator symbol to denote the end of a rule ( ) used for grouping, e.g. “a, (b | c)” is equivalent to “a, b | a, c”. – denotes subtraction from a set of terminal symbols (e.g. “character – (‘"’)” denotes all characters excepting the double quote character.) 3
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Chapter 6. Expressions 6.8 Sequence
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Chapter 6. Expressions where all th
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Chapter 6. Expressions mu operator.
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Chapter 6. Expressions new expressi
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Chapter 6. Expressions Examples: Us
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Chapter 6. Expressions which will r
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Chapter 6. Expressions Examples: As
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Chapter 6. Expressions • #active(
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Chapter 6. Expressions ✞ state si
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Chapter 6. Expressions Semantics: A
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Chapter 7 Patterns Syntax: pattern
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Chapter 7. Patterns In the followin
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Chapter 7. Patterns ✡✝ ✆ The
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Chapter 8 Bindings Syntax: bind = s
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Chapter 9 Value (Constant) Definiti
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Chapter 10 Instance Variables (VDM+
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Chapter 11 The State Definition (VD
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Chapter 11. The State Definition (V
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Chapter 12 Operation Definitions Op
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Chapter 12. Operation Definitions s
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Chapter 13 Statements In this secti
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Chapter 13. Statements ✡✝ def t
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Chapter 13. Statements block return
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Chapter 13. Statements Examples: Th
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Chapter 13. Statements elseif state
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Chapter 13. Statements ‘do’, st
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Chapter 13. Statements 13.7 The Whi
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Chapter 13. Statements ✡✝ (dcl
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Chapter 13. Statements ✞ ✡✝ R
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Chapter 13. Statements where expres
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Chapter 13. Statements result of th
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Chapter 13. Statements ✡✝ else
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Chapter 13. Statements ✞ bootSequ
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Chapter 13. Statements ✞ op1 : na
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Chapter 14 Top-level Specification
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Chapter 14. Top-level Specification
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Chapter 15 Synchronization Constrai
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Chapter 15. Synchronization Constra
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Chapter 16 Threads (VDM++ and VDM-R
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Chapter 16. Threads (VDM++ and VDM-
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Chapter 16. Threads (VDM++ and VDM-
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Chapter 17 Top-level Specification
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Chapter 18 Trace Definitions In ord
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Chapter 18. Trace Definitions stack
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Chapter 19 Static Semantics VDM spe
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Chapter 20 Scope Conflicts (VDM++ a
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References [Ada LRM] [Bicarregui&94
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Chapter 20. Scope Conflicts (VDM++
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Appendix A The Syntax of the VDM La
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Appendix A. The Syntax of the VDM L
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Appendix B Lexical Specification B.
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Appendix B. Lexical Specification B
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Appendix B. Lexical Specification S
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Appendix C Operator Precedence The
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Appendix C. Operator Precedence eva
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Appendix C. Operator Precedence pre
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Appendix D Differences between the
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Index abs, 9 and, 6 card, 14 comp f
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INDEX arithmetic minus, 185 arithme
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INDEX boolean type, 6 char, 11 func
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INDEX sequence enumeration, 53, 187
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VDM-10 Language Manual

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