VDM-10 Language Manual

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$Course Material\Efficiently Coding Communication Protocols in C++ ...$

VDM-10 Language Manual 17.2.3 The Imports Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 18 Trace Definitions 161 19 Static Semantics 165 20 Scope Conflicts (VDM++ and VDM-RT) 167 A The Syntax of the VDM Languages 173 A.1 VDM-SL Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 A.2 Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 A.3 VDM++ and VDM-RT Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 A.4 System (VDM-RT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 A.5 Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 A.6 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 A.6.1 Type Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 A.6.2 The VDM-SL State Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 A.6.3 Value Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 A.6.4 Function Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 A.6.5 Operation Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 A.6.6 Instance Variable Definitions (VDM++ and VDM-RT) . . . . . . . . . . . 181 A.6.7 Synchronization Definitions (VDM++ and VDM-RT) . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 A.6.8 Thread Definitions (VDM++ and VDM-RT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 A.6.9 Trace Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 A.7 Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 A.7.1 Bracketed Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 A.7.2 Local Binding Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 A.7.3 Conditional Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 A.7.4 Unary Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 A.7.5 Binary Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 A.7.6 Quantified Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 A.7.7 The Iota Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 A.7.8 Set Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 A.7.9 Sequence Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 A.7.10 Map Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 A.7.11 The Tuple Constructor Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 A.7.12 Record Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 A.7.13 Apply Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 A.7.14 The Lambda Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 A.7.15 The New Expression (VDM++ and VDM-RT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 A.7.16 The Self Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 A.7.17 The Threadid Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 A.7.18 The Is Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 vi
CONTENTS A.7.19 The Undefined Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 A.7.20 The Precondition Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 A.7.21 Base Class Membership (VDM++ and VDM-RT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 A.7.22 Class Membership (VDM++ and VDM-RT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 A.7.23 Same Base Class Membership (VDM++ and VDM-RT) . . . . . . . . . . 191 A.7.24 Same Class Membership (VDM++ and VDM-RT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 A.7.25 History Expressions (VDM++ and VDM-RT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 A.7.26 Time Expressions (VDM-RT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 A.7.27 Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 A.8 State Designators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 A.9 Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 A.9.1 Local Binding Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 A.9.2 Block and Assignment Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 A.9.3 Conditional Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 A.9.4 Loop Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 A.9.5 The Nondeterministic Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 A.9.6 Call and Return Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 A.9.7 The Specification Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 A.9.8 Start and Start List Statements (VDM++ and VDM-RT) . . . . . . . . . . 195 A.9.9 The Duration and Cycles Statements (VDM-RT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 A.9.10 Exception Handling Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 A.9.11 The Error Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 A.9.12 The Identity Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 A.10 Patterns and Bindings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 A.10.1 Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 A.10.2 Bindings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 B Lexical Specification 199 B.1 Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 B.2 Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 C Operator Precedence 205 C.1 The Family of Combinators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 C.2 The Family of Applicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 C.3 The Family of Evaluators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 C.4 The Family of Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 C.5 The Family of Connectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 C.6 The Family of Constructors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 C.7 Grouping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 C.8 The Type Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 D Differences between the Concrete Syntaxes 211 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 vii
Page 1 and 2: Overture - Open-source Tools for Fo
Page 3 and 4: Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The V
Page 5: CONTENTS 13 Statements 97 13.1 Let
Page 9 and 10: Chapter 1 Introduction The Vienna D
Page 11 and 12: Chapter 2 Concrete Syntax Notation
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 3 Data Type Definitions As
Page 15 and 16: Chapter 3. Data Type Definitions We
Page 17 and 18: Chapter 3. Data Type Definitions Op
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 3. Data Type Definitions (a
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 3. Data Type Definitions
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 3. Data Type Definitions m1
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 3. Data Type Definitions Sy
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 3. Data Type Definitions Th
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 3. Data Type Definitions to
Page 41 and 42: Chapter 4 Algorithm Definitions In
Page 43 and 44: Chapter 5 Function Definitions In t
Page 45 and 46: Chapter 5. Function Definitions Not
Page 47 and 48: Chapter 5. Function Definitions Thi
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 6 Expressions In this subse
Page 51 and 52: Chapter 6. Expressions ✡✝ mk_Sc
Page 53 and 54: Chapter 6. Expressions Examples: Th
Page 55 and 56: Chapter 6. Expressions where e1 is
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Chapter 6. Expressions all expressi
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Chapter 6. Expressions where bd is
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Chapter 6. Expressions 6.8 Sequence
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Chapter 6. Expressions where all th
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Chapter 6. Expressions mu operator.
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Chapter 6. Expressions new expressi
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Chapter 6. Expressions Examples: Us
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Chapter 6. Expressions which will r
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Chapter 6. Expressions Examples: As
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Chapter 6. Expressions • #active(
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Chapter 6. Expressions ✞ state si
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Chapter 6. Expressions Semantics: A
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Chapter 7 Patterns Syntax: pattern
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Chapter 7. Patterns In the followin
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Chapter 7. Patterns ✡✝ ✆ The
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Chapter 8 Bindings Syntax: bind = s
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Chapter 9 Value (Constant) Definiti
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Chapter 10 Instance Variables (VDM+
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Chapter 11 The State Definition (VD
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Chapter 11. The State Definition (V
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Chapter 12 Operation Definitions Op
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Chapter 12. Operation Definitions s
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Chapter 12. Operation Definitions p
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Chapter 12. Operation Definitions h
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Chapter 13 Statements In this secti
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Chapter 13. Statements ✡✝ def t
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Chapter 13. Statements block return
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Chapter 13. Statements Examples: Th
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Chapter 13. Statements elseif state
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Chapter 13. Statements ‘do’, st
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Chapter 13. Statements 13.7 The Whi
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Chapter 13. Statements ✡✝ (dcl
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Chapter 13. Statements ✞ ✡✝ R
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Chapter 13. Statements where expres
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Chapter 13. Statements result of th
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Chapter 13. Statements ✡✝ else
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Chapter 13. Statements ✞ bootSequ
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Chapter 13. Statements ✞ op1 : na
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Chapter 14 Top-level Specification
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Chapter 14. Top-level Specification
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Chapter 15 Synchronization Constrai
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Chapter 15. Synchronization Constra
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Chapter 16 Threads (VDM++ and VDM-R
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Chapter 16. Threads (VDM++ and VDM-
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Chapter 16. Threads (VDM++ and VDM-
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Chapter 17 Top-level Specification
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Chapter 18 Trace Definitions In ord
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Chapter 18. Trace Definitions stack
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Chapter 19 Static Semantics VDM spe
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Chapter 20 Scope Conflicts (VDM++ a
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References [Ada LRM] [Bicarregui&94
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Chapter 20. Scope Conflicts (VDM++
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Appendix A The Syntax of the VDM La
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Appendix A. The Syntax of the VDM L
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Appendix B Lexical Specification B.
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Appendix B. Lexical Specification B
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Appendix B. Lexical Specification S
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Appendix C Operator Precedence The
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Appendix C. Operator Precedence eva
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Appendix C. Operator Precedence pre
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Appendix D Differences between the
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Index abs, 9 and, 6 card, 14 comp f
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INDEX arithmetic minus, 185 arithme
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INDEX boolean type, 6 char, 11 func
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INDEX sequence enumeration, 53, 187
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