Thailand - Stop TB Partnership

48. See, e.g., J. Ngamvithayapong, et al. “Health seeking behaviour and diagnosis for pulmonary
tuberculosis in an HIV epidemic mountainous area of Thailand,” International Journal of Tuberculosis
and Lung Diseases, 2001; 5 (11): 1–8.
49. A. Soonthorndhada, et al., Community Perceptions and Experiences of TB in Kanchanaburi, Thailand:
A Gender Equity Analysis, Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, 2003,
Publication No. 287.
50. Comments by Rev. Sanan Wutti, The Church of Christ in Thailand, and Prasert Dechabon, President,
Northern PWA Network, Public Health Watch roundtable meeting, Chiang Mai, December 9, 2005.
51. UNDP, “Thailand at a Glance,” You And AIDS: The HIV/AIDS Portal for the Asia Pacific, available at
http://www.youandaids.org/Asia%20Pacific%20at%20a%20Glance/Thailand/index.asp (accessed May
11, 2006).
52. Comments by multiple participants, Public Health Watch roundtable meeting, Bangkok, December 6,
2005.
53. WHO, Global Tuberculosis Control: Surveillance, Planning, Financing, (Geneva: WHO, 2006), p. 122.
54. The Thailand Millennium Development Goals Report 2004 cited the success of the Thai government’s
poverty reduction efforts in a number of areas. Available at www.undg.org/documents/4581-Thailand_
MDG_report_-_English-pdf (accessed March 24, 2005).
55. Comment by Pruthi Israngkul Na Ayudya, director, Health Center 21, Bangkok, Public Health Watch
roundtable meeting, Bangkok, December 6, 2005.
56. Comment from Attapon Cheepsattayakorn, director, 10th Zonal TB and Chest Disease Center,
December 8, 2005.
57. Comment by Voravit Suwanvanichkij, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Public Health
Watch roundtable meeting, Chiang Mai, December 9, 2005.
58. Comment by Voravit Suwanvanichikij, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Public
Health Watch roundtable meeting, Chiang Mai, December 9, 2005. P. Wandee, et al., Dual TB/
HIV epidemic in the northern Thailand and Myanmar border: The vital need for bridging cross-country
cooperation. Paper pesented at the International AIDS Conference, Bangkok 2004.
59. According to the WHO, about 44 percent of all those with active TB of some kind test smear-positive.
Of these smear-positive cases, 72 percent are detected, and 74 percent of those detected are cured.
This means that 23 percent of those with active, smear-positive, pulmonary TB in Thailand are being
cured. Comment by Tim France, Health and Development Networks, Public Health Watch roundtable
meeting, Chiang Mai, December 9, 2005.
60. Comment from Karyn Kaplan, Thai AIDS Treatment Action Group (TTAG), Public Health Watch
roundtable meeting, Bangkok, December 6, 2005.
61. Comment by Tim France, Health and Development Networks, Public Health Watch roundtable
meeting, Chiang Mai, December 9, 2005.
62. Written comments on draft of this report by Jamie Uhrig, independent TB and HIV consultant,
December 9, 2005. Local Advisory Board Meeting, Bangkok, December 29, 2004.
63. Comment by Rev. Sanan Wutti, The Church of Christ in Thailand, Public Health Watch roundtable
meeting, Chiang Mai, December 9, 2005.
64. Compared to patients treated under direct observation of health personnel or nonfamily members
in the community, patients observed by family members had noncompliance rates of 32 to 38
percent, far higher than the other two study groups. See Pungrassami et al., “Has directly observed
treatment improved outcomes for patients with tuberculosis in South Thailand?” Tropical Medicine and
International Health, March 2002; 7(3): 271–279.
65. Interviews with TB staff in Chiang Mai province, January 2005, and TB staff of Mae Sod Hospital, Tak
province, January 2005.
66. Comment by Dantawan Pinitswon, AHRN, Public Health Watch roundtable meeting, Chiang Mai,
December 9, 2005.
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