ASNT Level III- Visual & Optical Testing

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All forms of radiant energy are transmitted at the same speed in a vacuum: 299,793 km•s -1 (186,282 mil•s -1 ). However, each form of energy differs in wavelength and therefore in frequency. The wavelength and velocity may be altered by the medium through which it passes but the frequency is fixed independently of the medium. Equation 2 shows the relationship between radiation velocity, frequency and wavelength. v = λ v/ n (Eq.2) Where: v = velocity of waves in the medium (meters per second); n = the medium's index of refraction; λ = wavelength in a vacuum (meters); and v = frequency (hertz). Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Keywords: • The velocity of light change in different medium with different refractive index • The wavelength and velocity may be altered by the medium through which it passes but the frequency is fixed independently of the medium. When light travelling in different medium • Velocity change • Wavelength change • Frequency always remain the same in all mediums Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 1 and 2: ASNT Level III- Visual & Optical Te
Page 3 and 4: Reading 4 ASNT Nondestructive Handb
Page 5 and 6: SECTION 2 THE PHYSICS OF LIGHT Char
Page 7 and 8: SECTION 2: The Physics of Light PAR
Page 9 and 10: 1.1 Radiant Energy Theories Several
Page 11 and 12: Electromagnetic Theory The electrom
Page 13 and 14: Unified Theory The unified theory o
Page 15: 1.2 Light and the Energy Spectrum T
Page 19 and 20: Table 1 gives the speed of light in
Page 21 and 22: FIGURE 1. Small aperture in an encl
Page 23 and 24: Although planets and stars are neit
Page 25 and 26: FIGURE 2. Blackbody radiation curve
Page 31 and 32: 1.3.2 Wien Radiation Law In the tem
Page 33 and 34: 1.3.3 Stefan-Boltzmann Law The Stef
Page 35 and 36: 1.3.6 Selective Radiators The emiss
Page 37 and 38: FIGURE 3. Radiation curves for blac
Page 39 and 40: The apertures between coils of the
Page 41 and 42: After absorption of sufficient ener
Page 43 and 44: This equation can he converted to a
Page 45 and 46: The standard spectral luminous effi
Page 47 and 48: 1.6 Luminous Efficiency of Light So
Page 49 and 50: 2.1 Photovoltaic Cells Photovoltaic
Page 51 and 52: FIGURE 4. Cross section of a barrie
Page 53 and 54: FIGURE 4. Cross section of a barrie
Page 55 and 56: Photoconductor Cells Charlie Chong/
Page 57 and 58: FIGURE 5. By the photoelectric effe
Page 59 and 60: Photoelectric Effects & Secondary r
Page 61 and 62: 2.4 Photodiodes and Phototransistor
Page 63 and 64: Schematic cross section of an integ
Page 65 and 66: Phototransistors Charlie Chong/ Fio
Page 67 and 68:
2.5 Photometry Progress in the scie
Page 69 and 70:
2.5.2 Photopic and Scotopic Vision
Page 71 and 72:
Photopic and Scotopic Vision Charli
Page 73 and 74:
Photopic and Scotopic Vision Charli
Page 75 and 76:
TABLE 2. Measurable characteristics
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Inverse Square Law http://pondscien
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Lambert Cosine Law Charlie Chong/ F
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2.6.4 Photometric Applications Phot
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Various types of neutral filters of
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2.7 Photometers A photometer is a d
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Photometry Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhan
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Some portable illuminance meters co
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FIGURE 7. Average spectral sensitiv
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2.8.3 Effect of Incidence Angle At
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2.8.4 Effect of Temperature. Wide t
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2.8.6 Photometer Zeroing It is impo
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2.9 Meters Using Photomultiplier Tu
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2.9.1 Luminance Photometers The bas
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2.9.1 Brightness Spot Meter The bri
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High Sensitivity Photometer Charlie
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2.10 Equivalent Sphere Illumination
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2.10.3 Visual Equivalent Sphere Ill
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Visual Equivalent Sphere Illuminati
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Visual Equivalent Sphere Illuminati
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2.10.4 Physical Equivalent Sphere I
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2.10.5 Visual Task Photometers The
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Another type of reflectometer (see
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FIGURE 8. A light cell reflectomete
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When a monochromator is used to dis
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In all radiometric work, it is impo
Page 127 and 128:
These devices consist basically of
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Spectrophotometers Charlie Chong/ F
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2.14.2 Distribution Photometers Lum
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FIGURE 9. Goniometer variations: (a
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FIGURE 10. Schematic side elevation
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FIGURE 11. Schematic side elevation
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2.14.7 Integrating Sphere Photomete
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Integrating Sphere Photometer Charl
Page 147:
Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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ASNT Level III- Visual & Optical Testing

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