- Page 1 and 2: ASNT Level III- Visual & Optical Te
- Page 3 and 4: Reading 4 ASNT Nondestructive Handb
- Page 5: SECTION 2 THE PHYSICS OF LIGHT Char
- Page 9 and 10: 1.1 Radiant Energy Theories Several
- Page 11 and 12: Electromagnetic Theory The electrom
- Page 13 and 14: Unified Theory The unified theory o
- Page 15 and 16: 1.2 Light and the Energy Spectrum T
- Page 17 and 18: Keywords: • The velocity of light
- Page 19 and 20: Table 1 gives the speed of light in
- Page 21 and 22: FIGURE 1. Small aperture in an encl
- Page 23 and 24: Although planets and stars are neit
- Page 25 and 26: FIGURE 2. Blackbody radiation curve
- Page 27 and 28: FIGURE 2. Blackbody radiation curve
- Page 29 and 30: FIGURE 2. Blackbody radiation curve
- Page 31 and 32: 1.3.2 Wien Radiation Law In the tem
- Page 33 and 34: 1.3.3 Stefan-Boltzmann Law The Stef
- Page 35 and 36: 1.3.6 Selective Radiators The emiss
- Page 37 and 38: FIGURE 3. Radiation curves for blac
- Page 39 and 40: The apertures between coils of the
- Page 41 and 42: After absorption of sufficient ener
- Page 43 and 44: This equation can he converted to a
- Page 45 and 46: The standard spectral luminous effi
- Page 47 and 48: 1.6 Luminous Efficiency of Light So
- Page 49 and 50: 2.1 Photovoltaic Cells Photovoltaic
- Page 51 and 52: FIGURE 4. Cross section of a barrie
- Page 53 and 54: FIGURE 4. Cross section of a barrie
- Page 55 and 56: Photoconductor Cells Charlie Chong/
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FIGURE 5. By the photoelectric effe
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Photoelectric Effects & Secondary r
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2.4 Photodiodes and Phototransistor
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Schematic cross section of an integ
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Phototransistors Charlie Chong/ Fio
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2.5 Photometry Progress in the scie
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2.5.2 Photopic and Scotopic Vision
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Photopic and Scotopic Vision Charli
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Photopic and Scotopic Vision Charli
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TABLE 2. Measurable characteristics
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Inverse Square Law http://pondscien
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Lambert Cosine Law Charlie Chong/ F
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2.6.4 Photometric Applications Phot
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Various types of neutral filters of
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2.7 Photometers A photometer is a d
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Photometry Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhan
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Some portable illuminance meters co
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FIGURE 7. Average spectral sensitiv
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2.8.3 Effect of Incidence Angle At
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2.8.4 Effect of Temperature. Wide t
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2.8.6 Photometer Zeroing It is impo
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2.9 Meters Using Photomultiplier Tu
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2.9.1 Luminance Photometers The bas
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2.9.1 Brightness Spot Meter The bri
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High Sensitivity Photometer Charlie
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2.10 Equivalent Sphere Illumination
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2.10.3 Visual Equivalent Sphere Ill
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Visual Equivalent Sphere Illuminati
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Visual Equivalent Sphere Illuminati
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2.10.4 Physical Equivalent Sphere I
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2.10.5 Visual Task Photometers The
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Another type of reflectometer (see
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FIGURE 8. A light cell reflectomete
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When a monochromator is used to dis
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In all radiometric work, it is impo
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These devices consist basically of
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Spectrophotometers Charlie Chong/ F
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Spectrophotometers Charlie Chong/ F
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Spectrophotometers Charlie Chong/ F
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2.14.2 Distribution Photometers Lum
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FIGURE 9. Goniometer variations: (a
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FIGURE 10. Schematic side elevation
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FIGURE 11. Schematic side elevation
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2.14.7 Integrating Sphere Photomete
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Integrating Sphere Photometer Charl
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang