City Sanitation Plan for Nashik - SuSanA

State Level
Rank
04
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik

FOREWORD
I am pleased to provide some introductory thoughts to this document, which arrives at an important turning point in the development of Nashik City. I would like to
express my deep appreciation for the initiative and support given by GIZ in the preparation of the City Sanitation Plan. This document is a succinct overview of the
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik City in order to recognize the stress areas in the sanitation sector and establish priorities in the intervention areas along the defined
strategic guidelines.
City Sanitation Plan is a 30-year strategic framework to deliver on the long-term vision we have set for the sanitation sector for Nashik City. This framework forms the
basis on which the city administration will work with stakeholders - including other government agencies, service providers and beneficiaries - in our common
mission to overcome the vast gaps in sanitation services. The process culminating in this framework included in-depth research and wide-ranging consultation with
city stakeholders. Building on the objectives set out in the National Urban Sanitation Policy of 2008, the technical team under GIZ conducted 6 months of data-driven
research which resulted in the release of the preliminary draft ‘Nashik Status Report’ document for stakeholders’ comment in August 2010. A two-month period allowing for stakeholders’
comment and consultation followed. Post validation of the data presented in the preliminary draft, the draft ‘City Sanitation Plan’ was released in June 2011 followed by stakeholder
consultations and subsequent finalization of the strategic framework. Today, I can confidently say that all interested parties had a meaningful opportunity to contribute to the adopted
framework.
This document is not exclusive in the context of planning for the city because its formulation has been synergized with the elements of Nashik’s City Development Plan. The strategic plan
reflects the thoughts, feelings, ideas, and wants of the stakeholders of the city and moulds them along with the city’s purpose, mission, and regulations into an integrated document. The final
section of this document will serve as a guide for implementing the process for the stakeholders. This document is not a static document as this can be quickly adjusted with additional scenarios
that may occur. With this document, and with the community-defined commitments that lie behind it, we are enabled to establish a clear case for a strategic choice that presents itself in relation
to a current or predicted transport gap; given the balanced view of the range of options available coupled with the timeframes within which each explicit strategic choice needs to be made.
We consider the evolving agenda based on the document to be ambitious, but achievable. The framework is ambitious because it puts forward an uncompromising vision of sanitation services
which are in tune with the needs of our city and the real needs of community, whilst at the same time striving to come as close to financial self-sufficiency as possible. This means that sanitation
sector must deliver improved basic services and better services to all users. Furthermore - since we are operating in a context of limited national resources – it also means that these objectives
must be reached at the lowest possible system cost, that services must aim to be self-sustaining and that they must generate the necessary reinvestment to meet future customer requirements.
Ambitious though these goals may be, they are achievable because the framework is based on current realities and judiciously forecasted trends. It spells out the roles and sets clear targets for
government, private service providers and customers. The role of city administration is to put appropriate institutions in place and define clear rules to regulate investment and operations in an
attempt to achieve the agreed goals for the sanitation sector.
This strategic framework represents the first foundation of a new collective process which will breathe life into our long-term vision and strategy and will guide all our collective actions as we
strive to meet the needs of the city and our community. Wide ownership of the process will ensure that the strategy remains dynamic and adaptable as it is continually enriched and enhanced
by the experience of implementation. It is with a great deal of satisfaction that we declare this strategic framework to be the action agenda for the ‘Sanitation Sector’. This agenda is the basis on
which the initiatives must be evaluated, especially by the most important stakeholder in the sanitation sector - the informed and demanding customer.
The formal implementation of this agenda starts in earnest today with the release of this strategy document and continues for the next 30 years. Along the way we intend to address the national
goals to which government is committed and meet the needs of the community we have chosen to prioritize.
B.D. Sanap, (I.A.S)
Commissioner
Nashik Municipal Corporation

Part I: Introduction
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
1.1 : NASHIK
The city of Nashik situated in the state of
Maharashtra, is popularly known as the “Grape City”
of India because of its many vineyards. The city is
administrated by the Nashik Municipal Corporation
(NMC) and is also the headquarters of the Nashik
District. Nashik has 108 wards within 6
administrative zones making Nashik the third largest
city in Maharashtra.
Nashik is a part of the industrial and manufacturing
triangle in Maharashtra along with Mumbai and
Pune. It’s location on the banks of river Godavari
makes it a major pilgrimage centre as well. Its fast
growing population, religious importance and
industrial orientation results in a significant
sanitation problem in city.
Nashik secured an over all sanitation score of 45.91
out of 100 and has been ranked on 42nd out of the
423 Indian cities evaluated in the sanitation ranking
exercise carried out under the mandate of the
National Urban Sanitation Policy (NUSP) through
Ministry of Urban Development, Govt. of India. This
score indicates the need for considerable
improvements in the sanitary conditions of the city.
As per NUSP's directions the NMC carried out a
detailed assessment of the sanitary conditions in the
city. Some of the pressing sanitary issues have been
presented in Fig 1. This assessment was done in
order to come up with a City Sanitation Plan to
address the current concerns and plan for the future
sanitary requirements thorough a participatory
approach that takes into account factors such as
cross-cutting issues, inclusivity of the urban poor,
analysis of issues and solutions at ward level
granularity, prioritisation of issues, and to come up
with definite timelines for the implementation of
solutions.
1
Open defecation / urination
2
Solid waste is not segregated at
source
3
Pollution of the Godavari
River due to open
drains
4
Treated wastewater is
neither reused nor recycled
5
Possibility of ground water pollution
due to septic tanks
Figure 1: Sanitation issues in Nashik City
Each city has been scored under 19 indicators which are
divided into three categories:
Output (50 points)
Process (30 Points)
Outcomes indicators (20 points)
Based on the scores, the cities were classified thus:
Category
Points
>33
67-90
4
1
Category
2
Points
34-66
91-100
Figure 2: National Urban Sanitation Policy Sanitation Rating
Score:
45.91
100
5
3
NEED
CONSIDERABLE
IMPROVEMENT
RANKED
4th
State Level Rank
RANKED
42nd
out of 423 cities
Figure 3: NUSP Sanitation Ranking for Nashik

Part I: Introduction
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
1.2 : NATIONAL URBAN SANITATION POLICY
The Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, issued a National Urban Sanitation Policy in 2008 with a vision to make all Indian cities and towns completely
“sanitised, healthy and liveable”.
The NUSP instructs states to come up with their own detailed state-level urban sanitation
strategies and City Sanitation Plans (CSP). It moots the idea of completely sanitised and opendefecation-free
cities as its target, and the setting up of a multi-stakeholder City Sanitation Task
Force to achieve this. The Policy gives significant emphasis on environmental considerations,
public health implications, and reaching the underserved and urban poor. The policy suggests
four funding options: funds directly from central and state governments; funds through
existing funding schemes; funds via public-private partnerships; and funds from external
funding agencies. The Policy directs that at least 20% of the funds should be earmarked
towards servicing the urban poor. The GoI also plans to confer awards to the best performing
cities, which is reminiscent of the Nirmal Gram Puraskar awards for villages for the same cause.
SANITATION STATISTICS OF URBAN INDIA
7.87% urban households do not have access to toilets and
defecate in the open
More than 37 % of the total human excreta generated is
unsafely disposed
Ensure safety of
sanitation workers
What a city
needs to do,
to become
totally
sanitised?
Follow the National
Urban Sanitation
Policy 2008,
which instructs:
Universal access to
toilets for all, including
urban poor
Open-defecationfree
city
More than 60% of the country’s GDP is being lost due to
public health and environmental costs due to unsafe
sanitation
75% of all surface water across India is being contaminated
due to the discharge of untreated municipal wastewater
The GOI had initiated a city sanitation rating exercise based on urban sanitation indicators.
The aim of this exercise is to help cities prioritise areas of improvement vis-à-vis
development and implement holistic CSP.
Ensure reuse/recycle
of treated waste water
Eliminate of
manual scavenging
Ensure safe collection,
treatment and disposal
of all wastewater, solid
waste, stormwater
03

DIAGNOSTIC PHASE CONSULTATION/ANALYSIS FINALISATION OF OUTPUTS
Part I: Introduction
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
1.3 : APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY
The approach and methodology adopted for the
development of CSP is depicted in Figure 4. The scope of
work being:
Formation of a City Sanitation Task Force (CTF)
Carrying out a baseline review
Supporting awareness-generation and a sanitation campaign
Identifying technology options
Enhancing capacity and knowledge management
Formulating a City Sanitation Plan
CSP Focal Points:
PLAN COMPONENTS
Access to Toilets
Waste water Management
River Pollution and Storm Water Management
Water Supply
Solid Waste Management
STRATEGIC SUPPORT PILLARS
Governance and Institutional Framework
Capacity Building
Awareness Generation
Financial Sustainability
Sample:
3210 households across
107 wards
Sample for urban poor:
65 out of 104 listed slums
Inception interaction
Interaction with Local
ULBs, GoI, State,
Bilateral & multilateral
agencies.
Setting up CityTask
Force
Crystallize range of
solution
Vision and Targets
Technology Choices
Institutional Framework
Funding options
Implementation Road
map
Baseline Research Focus
Demographic, Spatial
and socio-economic
context
Service level/Access
Indicators
Ongoing/Completed
initiatives
Intuitional
understanding
GIS / Thematic maps
Database management
systems
Initiation of evaluation of options
Technology options to bridge gaps
Onsite & Offsite
Shared vs stand-alone
Pollution mitigation
Investment/recurring costs
Institutional Framework
Components of behaviour change in
ward level pilots
Funding options
Submission of Draft CSP
Consultation with CTF
and MouD
Methodology
ULB interactions/data
collection
States level interactions
Gap filling surveys
Situation Analysis
Demographic/Spatial
Issues
Sanitation infrastructure
/ access
Policy/Institutional
issues
Financing
Database management
issues
Availability of GIS maps
FINALISATION
OF CSP
04
Figure 4: City Sanitation Policy - Approach & Methodology

PART II: Input Variables: Population
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
Urban areas by nature are in a state of continuous evolution, and they undergo cyclical periods of natural growth, decline and revitalization over the course of time.
Recognizing trends is a key element in ensuring the efficient long-term allocation of resources and a sound principle of land use planning.
Population projections help in long-range planning and infrastructure investment by indicating the scope and scale of population change.
1. GROWTH & PRESENT POPULATION
1.6
70%
Nashik is the third-largest city in Maharashtra and one of the fastest growing cities
in India.
2051
The population of Nashik city grew from 0.15 millions in 1951 to
1.49 million in 2011
The city attracts a floating population of 1 Lakh people (mostly pilgrims)
daily
Population (millions)
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
60%
50%
40%
37.96%
30%
20%
10%
Decadal Growth Rate
Population
Decadal Growth
Rate
Years
2041
2031
2026
2021
2016
2011
2001
0
2 4 6 8
Population Projection (million)
0
1951 1961 19711981 1991 2001 2011
Years
2. POPULATION PROJECTIONS
Source: CSP Report
The population of Nashik is expected to grow from 1.08 million to 1.75, 2.6 and 3.75
million by 2011, 2021 & 2031 respectively. Notably there are variations in population
projections in various studies and DPRs. This variation in population projection has
serious implications for future planning.
0%
Figure 5: Nashik’s Population and Decadal Growth Rate
CSP Analysis
Water Supply (DPR)
Sewerage (DPR)
City Development Plan
Source: CSP Report
As per the 2011 census, Nashik’s urban poor population is 2.1 lakhs
which is 14% of its total population in the same year
Figure 6: Nashik’s Population Projection
05

PART III: Sanitation Mapping
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
SANITATION COMPONENTS
Does the city have access to toilets?
06
a) Access To Toilets
What if I stay in an urban area?
The survey revealed 73% of the respondents had in-house toilet facilities whereas 23% used public toilets, as
presented in figure 7. This means, Nashik has a fairly good coverage in terms of sanitation, mostly via in-house
toilets. The respondents without household toilets mostly used a community toilet complex. Due to Nashik’s good
sanitation coverage, open defecation does not seem to be a widespread problem and is limited to low-income
households and slum pockets which is a matter of concern.
NMC area has 5,568 Public toilet seats, out of this majorly people use public toilet facility in commercial areas (35%)
in comparison to residential (12 to 15%). This again indicates prevalence of individual toilets in residential areas
and need of public toilets in commercial or public places.
In terms of complaint redressal mechanism, NMC was found to be fairly good.
What if I stay in an urban poor area?
The status of toilets in slum areas, based on an independent mapping of 65 slums (74 toilet blocks), indicates that
there are 62 slums which are located in close proximity to the city sewer lines whereas 18 slums are located near
water bodies. Most of the settlements have access to community toilets and a few households have individual
toilets (51 slums have access to toilet within the slum, 10 slums use a facility located outside the slum, 4 slums have
no access to toilets). The access to toilet scenario for the urban poor is presented in figure 8. The average toilet to
person ratio in the 51 slums with a toilet facility is 1:65.
The physical conditions of the 74 toilet blocks were found to be less than satisfactory. Out of these toilet blocks, 15
are maintained on a ‘pay and use’ basis mostly by private companies, and the rest are maintained by NMC. The
amount a family pays monthly varies from ` 15 to 20 for this service.
The issue of open defecation phenomenon was found to be prevalent in 13 slums (ward number 1, 2,
8,10,11,59,69,76,94 and 96), mainly due to lack of the facility or poor maintenance of the existing toilet blocks.
The ward wise availability of toilet facilities in Nashik is presented in figure 9.
2%
23%
15%
2%
73%
6%
79%
Toilets in
house
Public Toilets
Common in
>2 houses
Open
Defecation
Source: CSP Report
Figure 7: Distribution of Toilet Facility
Access to
toilets within
slums
Use facility
outside the
slum
No access to
Toilets
Source: CSP Report
Figure 8: Access To Toilets - Urban Poor

52
53
51
82
54
83
50
25
108
24
81
55
84
56
49
80
85
101
57
79
105
86
87
48
104
107
106
26
47
78
89
58
27
59
45
44
20
60
62
64
28
19
63
29
43
61
18
42
17
9
10
41
16
65
90
88 36
77
38
103
102
91
92
93
100
76
30
15
11
40
31
39
66 Devlali Cantonment Area
99
14
37
75
12
67
74
94
32
95
96
73
68
98
72
35
97
13
71
33
34
69
70
PART III: Sanitation Mapping
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
120%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
-20%
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 101 103 105 107
Figure 9: Ward Wise availability of Toilet Facility
Toilets in house Open Defecation Community Toilet Complexes Common for 2 or more houses
MILITARY AREA
What are the main issues that
need to be addressed?
Prevalence of open defecation in slums
and around religious areas, and open
urination in public places
(Central Bus Stand, Ramkund Area)
Figure 10 highlights open-defecationprone
areas in the city.
Strengths
Wide coverage of individual toilets and
good awareness on general hygiene are
the strong points of Nashik’s sanitation
plan. Proper planning and maintenance
would help in solving the issues.
5
Vajreshar wadi, Shahu nagar, Wadar wadi,
Dutta Nagar, Bharad wadi, Rahul wadi, Hira wadi,
7
Burudoha wadi, Sanjay Nagar, Mazdoor wadi,
Sahjeevan Nagar, Kranti Nagar, Mangal wadi.
21 5
3
4
Indira Gandhi Nagar No. 2,
Indira Nagar
Shantinagar, Ramabai
Ambedkar Nagar, Gautam
Nagar Slum
Open Defecation areas
SATPUR DIVISION
Satpur MIDC
3
SOLID WASTE
DISPOSAL SITE
23
22
NASHIK WEST
DIVISION
46
4
Ambad MIDC
CIDCO DIVISION
MILITARY AREA
Figure 10: Open-defecation-prone areas in the city.
1
8
6
2
3
PANCHAWATI
DIVISION
NASHIK EAST DIVISION
Devlali Cantonment Area
5
2
6
1
4
1
NASHIKROAD DIVISION
2
6
Vaidu Wadi,
Vasant Dada
Nagar
Amrapali Nagar
Indira Nagar,
Prakash Ambedkar Nagar
Hiwlewadi, Gadgil wadi,
Naik wadi,
Pendharkar Slum
Jetwan Nagar
Amrapali Nagar
Indira Nagar,
Prakash Ambedkar Nagar
Hiwlewadi, Gadgil wadi,
Naik wadi,
Pendharkar Slum
Jetwan Nagar
07

PART III: Sanitation Mapping
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
SANITATION COMPONENTS
How is the city’s waste water management system?
08
b) Wastewater Management
There are two waste water management systems in Nashik: Off-site sanitation (through
the sewerage system) and on-site sanitation (through septic tanks and soak pits). The
diagrammatic representation of the city’s waste water management system is presented
in figure 11.
NMC’s sewerage system covers nearly 54% of its residential area. The town planning
department has made septic tanks mandatory for getting building permissions in the city.
About 80 to 85% of septic tanks and other individual toilets are connected to this network.
These septic tanks are cleaned by the NMC on demand from the citizens. The statistics for
property-wise connection to this sewerage network, and division wise residential and
commercial establishments that have soak pits are presented in figure 12 and 13
respectively.
In addition to the septic tanks, several households, located mainly in the New Nashik
zone, have soak pits – which are lined pits without a floor and that allow human waste to
filter through alluvial sand before reaching the underground aquifer. The outlets of septic
tanks are connected to the sewer networks, and the sewage disposal in this system is
done at the pumping stations of the existing facility. Septage collected from the septic
tanks by the vacuum suction trucks is disposed in the sewage pumping stations or into
the sewers.
Nashik has three Sewage Treatment Plants (STP) located at Tapovan, Chehedi and
Panchak. The CPCB’s nation-wide assessment graded Tapovan and Chehedi as
satisfactory facilities and Panchak as a good facility.
URBAN POOR: Out of 74 toilet blocks,
there are 17 connected to septic tanks and one to a
biogas plant. This could be due to the non-availability of sewerage lines when the toilet
blocks were built. But now, the city has a fairly good spread of sewerage networks and it
has already been stated that 62 out of 65 slums are next to city sewer lines. It might be
necessary to plug the outlet of these septic tanks directly to the city’s sewerage network.
There are 18 slums that are located near water bodies.
Property connected
to sewer lines:
268,271
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
230,554
24,878
Residential
426
0
Institutional /
Government
Connected to Sewer Line
Secondary
River
37,291
2,639
Commercial
Tertiary
3 STPs located at
Tapovan, Chehedi and
Panchak
0
3,101
Industrial
With Soak Pits
Source: CSP Report
No. of Soak Pits
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
Septic Tank
Primary
Property connected
to Septic
tank:30,618
Figure 11: Schematic Diagram of Nashik’s Sewerage System
Figure 12: Property-wise Connections
to Sewerage Network
824
514
403
559
205
134
1243
Nashik E Nashik W Panchavati New Nashik Satpur Nashik Rd
2458
4663
9112
Residential
60% septic tanks are
directly connected to
sewer lines, rest are
cleaned by NMC
on demand
2962
4440
Commercial
Source: CSP Report
Figure 13: Division Wise Residential &
Commercial Establishment Having Soak Pits

PART III: Sanitation Mapping
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
Fact Sheet
Wards 1, 2, 8, 10, 11, 12 and 13 continue
disposing the sewage through open drains
The highest proportion of sewage (30%)
being let into open drains is from Ward 10
Collection Efficiency
Area with Piped network
100%
Households with individual
connections
Complaints Redress
0%
WW Collection Efficiency
Cost Recovery
WW Treatment Adequacy
Reuse and Recycling
Quality of WW Treatment
Desired Level of Service
Existing Level of Service
Source: CSP Report
Figure 14: Ward Status for Sewage Disposal
Figure 15: Service Level Benchmarking For Wastewater
Wards disposing 60% or more than 60% of sewage through sewer line
Wards disposing more than 40% of sewage through septic tanks
Wards disposing sewage through Open Drain
09

PART III: Sanitation Mapping
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
What are the main issues that need to be addressed?
Existing septic tanks could create potential risks of ground water pollution, and affect
public health and utilisation of sewage treatment plants
Approximately 60% of the properties have septic tanks of which 40% are further connected to the
sewerage network. In the New Nashik Zone there are several households that also have soak pits. These
septic tanks or soak pits are cleaned by NMC on a demand basis. NMC has six vehicles to de-sludge
septic tanks from the city’s six zones, out of which only four vehicles are in condition, that indicates the
need for additional vacuum suction vehicles on priority.
The practice of providing sewerage connection through septic tanks could potentially lead to suboptimal
waste water collection, STP infrastructure utilisation, and create a potential risk of ground water
pollution
Figure 16: Leakage from Septic Tank of Public Toilet
Complex near Ramkund area
Lack of information on waste water volume flows and non-automated sewerage system]
Significant variation with very low BOD levels were noticed for extended periods of time at the Tapovan and Chehedi STPs. The analysis of this
variation in BOD levels is constrained due to non-functioning or non-availability of bulk meters at STPs, and lack of information on volume of flows.
Opportunity
Limited efforts towards waste water
recycling, reuse, and waste to
energy conversion.
Strength
The city has good coverage of the
sewerage network and a sound
engineering department to address
the concerns in this sector.
10

54
55
84
80
85
57
79
86
105
87
104
107
106
26
103
102
47
91
78
89
92
90
58
27
93
WALDEVI RIVER
64
61
42
17
9
41
16
30
15
65
66
99
67
94
96
72
35
PART III: Sanitation Mapping
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
SANITATION COMPONENTS
How is the city’s rivers &
drainage network?
MILITARY AREA
c) River Pollution and Storm
Water Management
1
3
4
The city’s rivers are polluted mainly due to the
discharge of untreated industrial effluents and
domestic sewage, agriculture runoff, solid waste,
and pilgrimage-related wastes.
24
GODAVARI RIVER
7
21
8
2
6
PANCHAWATI DIVISION
5
Nashik has two main industrial estates within the
NMC area, Ambad and Satpur with 314 and 204
industries respectively. Most of the large and
medium scale industries have their own Effluent
Treatment Plants. However, there are no Common
Effluent Treatment Plants to treat the effluent from
small industries and as a result these industries
contribute to the point source pollution of water
bodies, especially in River Godavari and Nasardi.
The data on the quantity and nature of effluents
discharged through various industries into these
water bodies is not maintained.
52
25
51
50
SATPUR DIVISION
53
82
NASARDI RIVER
83
108
81
56
49
23
10
22
11
20 19
18
12
45
NASHIK WEST DIVISION
46
48
NASARDI RIVER
CIDCO DIVISION
59
28
29
44
43
60
62
63
GODAVARI RIVER
40
NASARDI RIVER
NASHIK EAST DIVISION
13
14
31
GODAVARI RIVER
32
39
33
37
88 36
77
38
68
76
Devlali Cantonment Area
75
73
74
34
69
NASHIKROAD DIVISION
71
95
70
In addition to industrial waste water, domestic
wastewater is also directly discharged from slums,
residential areas, and smaller drains into the
sewerage network. In underserved areas yet to be
connected, sewage directly enters the rivers at
some places.
The natural drainage network of the city is
highlighted in the figure 17.
100
101
MILITARY AREA
Figure 17: Map Showing Natural Drainage Network in Nashik
WALDEVI RIVER
Division Boundary
Ward Boundary
River
Streams
98
97
1
LEGENDS
DARNA RIVER
Direction of flow of stream
HILLY AREA
CANTONMENT AREA
CANTONMENT AREA
11

PART III: Sanitation Mapping
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
Only 4% of the NMC area is covered by storm water drainage network. The lack of
storm water drains and the blocking of natural drains and the dumping of garbage
into existing drains causes water logging in several areas of the city. Water logging,
especially during heavy, rains,
affects the areas near the
central bus stand, the railway
station, the Ram Kund area,
Canada Corner, and slums on
Nashik Road.
URBAN POOR
In case of the slum’s storm water drainage and water logging situation, 19 out of
65 slums have fully covered gutters, 11 have them totally underground, 13 have
open gutters and 21 slums have partly covered gutters. But the physical condition
reveals that only five slums have
reported kuccha gutters while 42 are
fully covered. The distribution of
various types of gutters is also
presented in figure 18. However,
these gutters flood frequently,
especially during the monsoons, and
a key reason for that is the
inadequate gradient of these gutters.
21
11
1
19
13
Covered
Open
Underground
Partial Covered
No Gutters
12
Figure 18: Slums with various types of
gutters
Figure 19: Polluted stretch of the Godavari River in Nashik city

PART III: Sanitation Mapping
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
What are the main issues that need to
be addressed?
River Godavari in the vicinity of Nashik faces
severe risk of pollution from a combination of
industrial and domestic sources along with
agricultural run-off.
Pollution hot spots and sources of pollution
are marked in figure 21.
Strength
Nashik's topography facilitates gravitationaly
draining of storm water.
Division Boundary
Ward Boundary
River
Streams
POSSIBLE SOURCES OF
POLLUTION HOT SPOTS
AGRICULTURAL AREA
SLUMS/ RESIDENTIAL
LEGEND
INDUSTRIAL AREA
1
NO.
A
R
Direction of flow of stream
CANTONMENT AREA
HILLY AREA
AGRICULTURAL AREA
SLUMS
INDUSTRIAL AREA
I
Figure 20: Polluted Stretch of River Godavari at Ramkund area
Figure 21: Map Showing Pollution Hot Spots and Possible Sources of Pollution in Nashik
13

PART III: Sanitation Mapping
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
SANITATION COMPONENTS
How is the city’s water supply?
d) Water Supply
The city of Nashik receives piped water from two sources: Gangapur Dam headworks
on river Godavari, which supplies water to almost 1.6 million residents in the NMC
area and the head works on the river Darna, which services the Nashik Road area.
Nashik has five water treatment plants at Shivajinagar (capacity 97 MLD), Bara
Bunglow (capacity 81 MLD), Panchvati (capacity 71 MLD), Gandhinagar (capacity 26
MLD), and Nashik road (capacity 73 MLD) to meet its treated water demand.
The distribution network covers 1,440 km., which is about 71% of the road length
within NMC and covers nearly 88% of the developed areas excluding slums. About
10% of the population is not covered by municipal water supply, particularly in some
wards on the outskirts of the city or in select slum pockets. NMC’s estimated gross per
capita water supply is 149 LPCD based on the quantity of treated water put in the
system, commercial water use, and system losses, which is higher than the 135 LPCD
norms. Drinking water supply is intermittent and within a fixed time schedule for every
zone and sub zone. NMC has 95% metered connections in its area. The Water Supply
Department of NMC does not have any data on non revenue water. However the
estimated figure is about 57% of the total treated water.
Figure 22: Leaking public standpost
0.2%
1.4%
0.1%
9
10
57
16
URBAN POOR
The survey revealed that out of 65 slums, 57 had public stand posts (PSP). The number
of PSPs in each slum varied from 1 to 14 and in a few slums an average of 50 families
were using a single PSP. There were also 11 slums that were fully covered with
individual water connections. Also, 49 slums did not have any hand-pumps or borewells
while 13 slums had one hand pump and 3 slums had 2 hand pumps each.
Therefore, slums presented a mixed picture, as shown in figure 24.
NMC
Groundwater
98.3%
Pvt Tanker
Other
No. of Slums having handpumps
No. of slums having public stand post
No. of slums without any individual
connections
No. of slums having 100% individual
connections.
14
Figure 23: Source of Water Supply
Figure 24: Water supply in slums

PART III: Sanitation Mapping
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
What are the main issues that need to be addressed?
Non-Revenue Water (NRW) levels are high and
needs urgent attention.
NMC’s water supply system performance on coverage (91% of population served)
and per capita supply (149-155 LPCD) is good. However, the amount of Non-
Revenue Water (NRW) is very high at an estimated 57%. Even though 95% of the
connections are metered, billing is not linked to volumetric supply due to a
combination of faulty meters and irregular meter reading operations. Water supply
coverage in slums is fairly extensive. Most slums (57 of the 65 slums surveyed) had
at least one public stand post with a supply duration of four hours (two hours in the
morning and two hours in the evening).
However, only 11 of the 65 slums studied had individual water connections. While
reported cost recovery and collection efficiency of NMC’s water supply system was
72% and 92% respectively in 2008 and 2009, on-going projects could add to O&M
cost burden.
Figure 25: Group of water supply pipes near ITI signal
Strength
There is availability of raw water and good water supply.
Weakness
There is no comprehensive planning and monitoring of
water supply system.
15

PART III: Sanitation Mapping
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
SANITATION COMPONENTS
How is the City’s Solid Waste Management?
e) Solid Waste Management
Nashik stands fairly well in the solid waste management sector. NMC estimates that
the per capita solid waste generation in their area is over 300 gms per person per
day. In 1996, NMC had introduced “GhantaGadi” (vehicles with bells) for door-to
door-collection of waste. This system helped Nashik become a bin-free city
successfully. NMC uses full-sized and mini-trucks, as well as tractor trailers to
transport solid waste collected by the GhantaGadis to the waste disposal sites.
reveals that 37.8% are easily compostable (short-term biodegradable) materials,
19.50% are hard lignitic materials (long term biodegradable) while 16.20% are an
assortment of textiles, plastic, rubber, etc (source: DPR on SWM, NMC). Nashik has
a Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) facility established at Khatprakalp that has a variety
of processing units.
URBAN POOR
It has been observed that most slums have specific dumping places where
households regularly dump their garbage. This is due to a number of factors like the
inadequate frequency of the GhantaGadis, the vehicles not reaching the interiors of
the slum, not staying long enough, or there is no service provision at all. NMC
arranges to periodically clear the garbage from these open spaces.
The recent analysis of solid waste components collected within the NMC area
Industry and Residential area
Collection and transportation of waste through Ghanta Gadi
MSW Pre-sorting Unit
No segregation
Bio-degradable waste
Dry Waste
Inert Waste
Composting
RDF Plant
(Capacity 150 TPD)
Landfill Site
(2 Hectare, capacity 75 TPD)
16
Figure 26: Schematic Representation of Solid Waste Management in Nashik.

PART III: Sanitation Mapping
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
Data Sheet for MSW
Disposal
25% of the city’s wards
undertake (in different
proportions) burning of solid
waste to dispose their MSW
Only 44% wards dispose
their solid waste entirely via
NMC’s GhantaGadis.
44% wards are still
practicing open dumping of
solid waste disposal.
Collection
efficiency
Complaints
redressal
Cost recovery-
SWM
Household level
coverage
100%
0%
Scientific Disposal
of MSW
Desired Level of Service
Collection efficiency
of MSW
Segregation of MSW
MSW recovery
Existing Level of Service
Figure 27: municipal solid waste facility in Nashik.
Figure 28: Service Level Benchmarking For MSW
The ward-wise detailed scenario for Municipal Solid Waste disposal is presented in figure 29
105%
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
93
95
97
99
101
103
105
107
NMC - Ghantagadi Dumped in open Burnt
Figure 29: Disposal of MSW
17

PART III: Sanitation Mapping
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
What are the main issues that need to be addressed?
Lack of source segregation and limited waste recovery level
NMC has abolished waste bins and introduced door-to-door collection through “ GhantaGadis” but it is constrained by
the availability and number of vehicles. The current number of vehicles allows coverage only once a day, and in some
areas once in two days. Further more, there is no segregation of waste at source because of which composting of
biodegradable waste is not up to the mark.
No vision for comprehensive solid waste management at city level, and very low O&M cost recovery
Figure 30: GhantaGadi used for collection of waste
Nashik has successfully become a dustbin-free city by implementing a door-to-door solid waste collection system. NMC started various small scale
initiates such as composting, biomedical waste disposal, and waste to energy generation. However, there is more to achieve on a larger scale such as
source segregation, composting, e-waste management, and waste to energy generation. Therefore, a comprehensive approach is required to plan and
implement these on-going initiatives for Municipal Solid Waste Management in Nashik.
Presently, a user charge is not levied on solid waste management, but is collected as a conservancy tax as part of the property tax. This conservancy tax
is not adequate to recover O&M charge completely.
Weakness
No segregation, high SWM costs of operation, no control
over garbage thrown in open areas especially near slums,
open drains and the Ram Kund area.
Opportunities
The scope of generating revenue from processing, and
the scope for PPPs are under process.
18

PART III: Sanitation Mapping
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
2. Governance and Institutional
Frameworks
NMC is an Urban Local Body (ULB) formed in
November 1982. NMC operates under the legal
framework provided by the Bombay Municipal
Corporation Act 1948, under which the statutory
responsibilities relating to sanitation services are
vested with the NMC. There is, however, some
sharing of responsibilities with various State-
Government agencies.
The institutional framework in Nashik for urban
services at state and local levels includes statelevel
agencies (i.e. Maharashtra Water Supply
and Sanitation Department, Maharashtra Jeevan
Prardhikaran, etc.) involved in urban governance
and service provision, and city-level municipal
organisation.
Within NMC, there are detailed departmental
responsibilities of service provision as well as an
institutional structure for discharging their
responsibilities. The adjacent table clearly
signifies the overlapping and diffused
accountability for sanitation within the
corporation.
Figure 31: City Sanitation Task Force meeting in
Nashik
Services
Water Supply
a) Entire water supply system
b) Tanker water supply
c) Water quality testing
d) Related to land reservation and allocation
Waste-water management
a) Sewage Treatment Plants
b) Pumping Stations
c) Sewerage Network
d) Septic Tank
e) Related to land reservation and allocation
Storm Water Drainage
Solid Waste Management
a) Collection of MSW and transfer to
MSW Processing plant
b) Municipal Solid Waste Processing plant
c) Related to land reservation and allocation
Slums
a) Provision of water supply, sewerage and
MSW collection services
b) Awareness, beneficiary identification
c) BSUP scheme
d) Implementation of government schemes
(Except for BSUP)- civil works, construction
works, provision of social amenities
e) Related to land reservation and allocation
Planning, Procurement,
Design and Construction
Water Supply Department
Town Planning Department
Sewerage Department
Sewerage Department &
Mechanical Department
Sewerage Department
Design and Construction
done by Public Works
Department
Town Planning Department
Sewerage Department
a) Purchase of vehicles
(Ghanta Gadis) by
Mechanical Department
Mechanical Department
Town Planning Department
For respective services as
described above
Slum department
Projects Department
Public Works Department
Nashik Municipal Corporation
Town Planning Department
Operation & Maintenance
Water Supply Department
Maintenance of NMC owned Tankers by Mechanical Department
Water Quality Testing by State government’s district laboratory
Private operators/ contractors maintain the STPs under the
monitoring of Mechanical Department
Mechanical Department
Sewerage Department
a) Septic Tank Cleaning done by Health Department
b) Septic Tank Cleaning vehicles are maintained by Mechanical
Department
c) O&Mofmunicipal owned septic tanks (for public toilet
complexes) by Public Works Department
Town Planning Department
Sewerage Department
a) Done by private operator and monitored by Health Department
b) Maintenance of vehicles (Ghanta Gadis) by the vehicle supplier
company for initial five years under the monitoring of
Mechanical Department.
Mechanical Department
Town Planning Department
For respective services as described above
Slum department
For respective services as described above
Public Works Department Nashik Municipal Corporation
Town Planning Department
19

PART III: Sanitation Mapping
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
What are the main issues that need to be addressed?
Diffused accountability, inadequate staffing, and lack of exposure to modern sanitation practices within the NMC
Of the total posts in NMC 10 % posts are vacant, while in case of Class II category
employment, around 13 % of the sanctioned posts are vacant. Similarly for Class III
and Class IV employment, the percentage of vacant posts to sanctioned posts in the
respective categories is 16% and 5%. In view of the large scale implementation of
projects under Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM),
there is a spike in work load particularly among the Class I and II officials, where
implementation of capital projects is being handled in addition to their O&M
responsibilities. There is overlapping and diffused accountability for sanitation
even within the NMC. As in the case of many ULBs, responsibility for sanitation is
diffused across multiple departments. O&M of water supply and sewerage
infrastructure is being handled by the engineering department. While solid waste
management services are being handled by the public health department,
procurement of vehicles is also handled by the engineering section. Public toilets
are managed through private contracts which are inadequately monitored. The
capital work of public toilets is done by the Public Works Department (PWD) while
the O &M responsibility is with the Health Department. However, the repairs of
public toilets are done by PWD. There appears to be no regulation and
accountability in place for on-site sanitation. Regulatory and monitoring
mechanisms for oversight on service delivery and tariff fixation are in place but are
weak.
20

PART III: Sanitation Mapping
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
3. Financial Sustainability
How is the financial sustainability of NMC?
Financial sustainability could be studied by assessing financial inflows (i.e. income: revenue, capital, extra-ordinary) and outflows (i.e. expenditure: revenue,
capital, extra-ordinary) over a period of time.
NMC had a Cumulative Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 19% in Revenue Income and a
17.4% CAGR in Expenditure during 2004-09. Overall surplus grew at a CAGR of 56%. The
share of capital expenditure in total expenditure increased from 28% to 58% (a CAGR of
41%), indicating a significant increase in asset creation under JNNURM. NMC’s revenue
income consists of tax incomes from own sources (octroi, property tax and others), nontax
incomes from own sources (water charges and others) and revenue grants.
NMC's collection efficiency of property and water tax is in the range of 67 to 77% and
65% to 72% respectively during the FY05 to FY09.
% of revenue income
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
3% 1% 2% 2% 1%
12% 12% 12%
15% 15%
81%
86% 86% 86% 83%
85% 87% 88% 90% 88%
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
Total Tax Revenue
Revenue Grants
Figure 32: Composition of Revenue Income
Total Non-Tax Revenue
Octroi as a part of Total Tax Revenue
Income from Taxes is
clearly a major source
of NMC’s Income
Years
Years
2008-09
207-08
2006-07
2005-06
2004-05
35,605
37,596
32,187
32,882
0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000
In ` Lakhs
50,233
42,699
61,143
53,406
50,149
Figure 33 NMC: Total Income Vs Expenditure
GoM has initiated measures to
abolish Octroi tax starting with the D
class ULBs and the same is also
expected to be phased out from the
NMC in near future. As octroi is the
major source of revenue income, this
move could impact its revenue
adversely.
65,357
}Total Income exceeds
Expenditure in every
year
Total Expenditure
Total Income
The Octroi tax alone accounted for
73% of the total revenue income in
2008-09.
Property Tax contributed 11% of
Revenue Income in 2008-09 and
growing at a CAGR of nearly15%
during the period 2004-05 to 2008-09.
21

PART III: Sanitation Mapping
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
% of expenditure
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2%
15%
84%
4%
4%
17% 16%
5%
5%
19% 19%
80% 80% 76% 76%
FY 06 FY 07 FY 08 FY 09 FY 10
Financial Year (06-10)
SWD-nalla and drainage repair Sewerage Water Supply
Annual O&M
expenditure on
water supply
constitutes
nearly 80% of
the total O&M
expenditure.
The O&M
expenditure on
Water
Sewerage:
SWD is 15:5:1.
100% 4%
4%
14% 11%
90%
18% 14.43%
6%
7%
80%
6.27%
40%
35%
6%
70%
33%
36%
60%
34.89%
5%
36%
5%
50%
4%
6%
40%
4.99%
5%
30%
52% 56%
20%
42% 41%
35%
39.42%
10%
0%
Years 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 Average
Salary Pension O&M Others Interest
% of revenue expenditure
Figure 35: Composition of Revenue expenditure from FY 05 to FY 09
Figure 34: O&MExpenditure Water, Sewerage and SWD
NMC’s overall revenue expenditure grew at a CAGR of 11%
during the period 2004 to 2009, slightly lower than
Revenue Income CAGR of 13%.
Administrative expenses and
employee salaries accounted for
40% of the Revenue Expenditure and
grew at nearly 14%.
O&M cost recovery dipped from
159% in 2002-03 to 48% in 2009-10,
largely due toan 8-fold increase in
the O&M expenditure while revenue
(SBT) barely doubled.
Expenditure in ` Lakhs
250
200
150
100
50
0
FY03
FY04
FY05
FY06
FY07
FY08
FY09
FY10
Financial Year (03-10)
150%
100%
50%
Figure 36: Water supply system O&Mcost recovery
0%
Income as % of expenditure
Water Benefit Tax
(SBT)
O&M Recovery
Income as % of
Expenditure
NMC’s capital expenditure for water
supply, sewerage, storm water drains, and
divisional committee budget was Rs 14,970
Lakh in 2009-2010. The CAGR for capex in water supply, sewerage, and
storm water drains during the period was 69%, 8% and 251%
respectively. The overall capex showed a CAGR of 43.4%.
O & M cost recovery for water
supply improved marginally from
94% in 2002-03 to97% in 2009-10,
with a dip during FY
07and FY 08.
Expenditure in ` Lakhs
600
400
200
0
FY03
FY04
FY05
FY06
FY07
FY08
FY09
FY10
Financial Year (03-10)
200%
150%
100%
50%
0%
Income as % of expenditure
Sewerage Benefit
Tax (SBT)
O&M Recovery
Income as % of
Expenditure
22
Figure 37 Sewerage system O&Mcost recovery

PART III: Sanitation Mapping
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
What are the main issues that need to be addressed?
NMC’s financials could get severely constrained; Cost recovery levels in sewerage
and solid waste are very low vis-à-vis prevailing O&M costs.
Though the financial information provided by NMC has facilitated a fairly detailed analysis of cost
recovery in water supply and sewerage systems, an analysis of expenditure of other aspects of
sanitation, such as toilet access, is constrained due to classification of expenditure under
different heads. Similarly, there is very little information available on costs of on-site sanitation
incurred by citizens as the same is not formally captured by NMC. With the implementation of a
number of capital projects under JNNURM, a sharp rise in O&M costs can be expected. For
instance, it is seen that O&M costs of sewerage networks have gone up eight-fold in the last five
years and is expected to increase further with the construction of new STPs. Cost recovery in
water supply and sewerage are at 72% and 48% respectively, while collection efficiency is
reported at 92% and 72% in water supply respectively. Cost recovery in solid waste
management is at a low of 35%.
Strength
Municipal finances indicate a revenue surplus
Weakness
There is over dependency on octroi, and low cost recovery
and collection efficiency on taxes and user charges.
23

PART IV: Strategies and Action Plan
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
CITY-LEVEL GOALS:
Identification of goals under the
guidelines of NUSP and the
accomplishment of the same
would make Nashik ‘a completely
sanitised city’.
CITY-LEVEL KEY ISSUES:
Critical issues are identified at
ward level, zone level, and across
various economic levels (urban &
urban poor). The affected areas
are characterized and prioritized
for immediate intervention.
RECOMMENDATION FOR KEY
ISSUES:
Focused recommendations to
address each key issue are
designed. These
recommendations are given in
terms of technology required,
costing, institutional and
governance enhancement,
community awareness and
inclusiveness.
ACTION PLAN:
Specific action plans are
designed across the five plan
components (access to toilets,
wastewater management, river
pollution and storm water
management, water supply, solid
waste management), and major
strategic support components
(governance and institutional
frame work and financial
sustainability). These action plans
are packaged around five pillars
of intervention.
PILLARS OF
INTERVENTION
TECHNOLOGY
FINANCE
INSTITUTIONAL
&
GOVERNANCE
CAPACITY
ENHANCEMENT &
COMMUNITY
AWARENESS
INCLUSIVENESS
24

PART IV: Strategies and Action Plan
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
The city sanitation plan recommends an action plan in two time horizons Planning Horizon spanning 30 years (2012-2041) and action horizon spanning 10 years (2012-21)
Planning Horizon
(30 years: 2012-2041)
Action Horizon
(10 years 2012-21)
The Planning Horizon considers a period of 30 years from
2012 to 2041, and involves planning for an Intermediate
Stage (2021 or 10 years) and an Ultimate Stage (2041 or 30
years). This Time Horizon is consistent with typical
timeframes for planning infrastructure asset creation, and
prepared of detailed project reports.
The Action Horizon considers a period of 10 years from
2012 to 2021 and is the time frame for the actions
recommended. This Action Time Horizon is further divided
into actions along Short Term – (3 years) Medium Term - (5
years) and Long Term - (10 years).
This document only indicates immediate required action in the following sectors, which will collectively help Nashik in becoming a fully sanitised city.
Access to Toilets
WasteWater
Management
CSP
Water Supply
River Pollution
and Storm
Water Management
Solid Waste
Management
Governance and
Institutional Framework
Financial Sustainability
25

PART IV: Strategies and Action Plan
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
1: Access to Toilets
Nashik has good coverage in terms of access to toilets but the major issue of concern
is open defecation which is rare but prevalent in some urban poor areas. To eradicate
this issue, NMC should initiate the following actions:
Implement an inspection and monitoring protocol to ensure timely
maintenance and consistent service delivery in existing public and
community toilets
Initiate development and implementation of a city-wide toilet development
and rehabilitation plan to eliminate open defecation / urination within three
years
Implement bye-laws to levy fines for open defecation/urination and
incorporate toilet specifications as part of building regulations, in consultation
with the Government of Maharashtra (GoM)
Initiate awareness campaigns to facilitate awareness, usage, and ownership
of shared community toilet facilities at the levels of slums, communities and
schools
26
Monetary requirements
Based on a normative assessment, an estimated 2,531
community toilet seats for slums and 500 public toilet
seats for the floating population are needed in the
medium term involving a capital investment of ` 20.88
crore s. Recurring O&M cost is estimated at ` 13.71
crores
annually. However, assuming that 50% of the toilet complexes are managed
on outsourced models, actual O&M cost burden on NMC is estimated to be at ` 6.9
crore annually.
Figure 38:Condition of community toilets

PART IV: Strategies and Action Plan
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
2: WasteWater Management
The issues requiring attention in this sector are: ground water pollution due to prevalence of septic tanks, lack of waste water information and no reuse/recycle of waste
water. To address these issues NMC should initiate following actions:
I. To control ground water pollution due to prevalence of septic tanks:
NMC should prepare a detailed action plan to progressively phase out septic tanks
a) b) Carry out property-level assessment of prevalence of septic tanks and
The phasing should start from the old city area with septic tanks which are
older than 10 years. Then the septic tanks which are constructed during
previous decade but are not functioning effectively will be phased out. The
action plan should have provisions for people participation and awareness
campaigns.
collect necessary information
Two new vacuum suction trucks need to be purchased as the existing numbers of trucks are inadequate.
Clarify and enforce bye-laws for monitoring and regulation of on-site sanitation, in consultation with GoM.
a) Monitoring will be done by the Health
Department.
b) c)
Sanitary Inspectors will submit a monthly report
to the department on the number of requests for
cleaning of septic tanks, amount collected, and
citizens’ grievances.
A provision should be made for fines/ penalties
for improper disposal of septage.
Based on normative assessment, the cost
of provision and implementation of the
above actions is estimated at ` 2.50 crores
during 2011 to 2016.
NEED
Re-use and Recycling Cost Recovery Collection Efficiency % of area with
piped network
27

PART IV: Strategies and Action Plan
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
II. To collect and maintain information on wastewater, which will
ultimately help in effective future planning
Revise population estimates and projections based on the Census 2011
population.
Undertake technical improvements of the sewerage system to improve
wastewater collection efficiency and optimise treatment performance.
a) b) Initiate a Rapid Technical
Purchase and install
Electromagnetic Bulk Meters at
STPs and sewage pumping
stations to capture information on
wastewater flows effectively. Bulk
meters should be compatible with
the PLC-SCADA system to provide
information automatically.
Assessment Study of the sewage
at various places coming to STPs
to understand trends in BOD
levels.
Capture baseline information on septic tanks through a comprehensive
household / property level water and sanitation survey
Establish a wastewater quality monitoring protocol in coordination with
MPCB
III. To increase the reuse and recycling of wastewater which is of
utmost importance, firstly to meet the water demands of an
ever-increasing population, and secondly to conserve the
available fresh water:
Conduct a feasibility study for upgrading STPs and exploring various
options to treat up to tertiary levels, and commission waste to energy
plants.
a) Treating waste water up to tertiary b)
level, and reuse treated water for
non-potable requirements
NMC has 400
gardens in the
city that are
supplied with
potable water or
ground water.
This could be
replaced with
recycled
wastewater.
Water
requirement for
non-potable
industrial
application could
be met by the
tertiary treated
water.
Upgrading STPs and installation/
rehabilitation of waste-to-energy
plants at STPs through capture of
methane from sewage.
The energy so
generated can
be sufficient for
the daily need of
STP operations
and premises.
The Panchak and
Chehedi STPs
have a gas
collection system
installed which
needs to be
properly operated
by NMC.
Based on normative assessment, the capital cost of implementing
above actions is estimated at ` 12.5 crores during 2011 to 2016.
The capital cost of implementing the above actions is estimated at
` 65 crores during 2011 to 2016. The O &M expenditure of sewerage
system in 2016 would be ` 36.41 crores.
28

PART IV: Strategies and Action Plan
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
3: River Pollution and storm water management
Pollution of Nashik’s rivers, especially Godavari, is the main issue of concern in this sector. To address this issue, NMC should initiate the following actions:
Conduct a Feasibility Study for upgrading STPs and exploring various options to treat up to tertiary levels, and commission waste to energy plants.
a) Constitute a multi-stakeholder council
comprising NMC, industrial areas, MPCB, and
other stakeholders with support from GoM to
oversee this program’s implementation.
b) c)
Compile, in collaboration with MIDC and MPCB,
information on wastewater flows into the river
particularly from the industrial areas.
Prepare a detailed project report on it.
Implement a time-bound phased investment program to develop / rehabilitate a storm drain network in the city.
The capital cost of implementing
the above actions is estimated at ` 45
crores during 2011 to 2016. In the
long term, the recycling of
wastewater and resell of water to
industries, SEZs, and such on a
revenue sharing basis can help in
saving potable water and
in turn the overall O&M cost.
Figure 39: Polluted Stretch of River Godavary in Nashik
29

PART IV: Strategies and Action Plan
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
4: Water Supply
The water supply seems to be fairly well in the NMC region. The issue of concern in this sector is the high levels of NRW (non-revenue water) which affects the financial
sustainability of the NMC. The action plan to address this issue is:
NMC should improve baseline information on water flows
a) Install bulk meters at intake
works, water treatment plants,
pumping stations, and storage
reservoirs.
b) Initiate a drive to repair and c)
maintain consumer meters.
Consider implementing PLCbased
SCADA system to
improve the overall efficiency of
monitoring intake works, WTPs
and pumping stations.
d) Conduct a Baseline Survey
Build on the findings of the on-going water audit to launch a comprehensive city-wide NRW reduction program
a) Prepare a DPR for a city-wide
NRW reduction program
b) Designate a NRW cell
Illegal connections and faulty meters are the major reasons for a higher
NRW. Therefore, it is necessary for NMC, in consultation with GoM, to
formulate/enforce a connection and disconnection policy.
Based on a normative assessment, the capital cost of
implementing the above actions and provisions is estimated
at ` 109 crores during 2011 to 2016. Recurring O&M cost is
estimated at ` 66 crores annually in 2016. In the long term,
the recycling of waste water and reuse for gardening and
other purposes can help in saving potable water and in turn
the overall O&M cost.
30
Figure 40: Public stand post (PSP) in Nashik

PART IV: Strategies and Action Plan
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
5: Solid Waste Management
Nashik’s solid waste management issue includes absence of solid waste segregation (this affects the opportunity to undertake
optimum processing of solid waste), and lack of comprehensive solid waste management vision.
I. To address the absence of a solid waste segregation issue, NMC should undertake the following actions:
Initiate segregation of waste at source in a phased manner
a) NMC should select 4-5 pilot wards, undertake source segregation there for 2 b) Launch an awareness campaign
months, then conduct a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the waste.
Increase the frequency of door-to-door collection from every alternate day to daily wherever the service is not available by increasing its fleet of GhantaGaadis
Based on a normative assessment, the capital cost of implementing
the above actions is estimated at ` 9 crores during 2012 to 2015. The
recurring O&M cost is estimated at ` 47 crores annually in 2016. In the
long term, initiatives like energy generation from waste and increase
in sale of manure from composting would increase revenues for NMC.
Figure 41: Solid Waste
Figure 42: Solid Waste Awareness Campaign in Nashik
31

PART IV: Strategies and Action Plan
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
II. To initiate a comprehensive solid waste management, NMC should undertake the following actions:
Prepare a vision for a Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Program
With the target of achieving O & M cost recovery, NMC should, in consultation with GoM, incorporate bye-laws for formalising the policy
a) Right to levy, collect and retain user charges. NMC should
also be able to assign/transfer this right to a service provider
through a contractual relationship.
b)
Articulate citizens’ duties with respect to maintaining a
clean environment, and to fulfil obligations in
implementing modern practices such as source
c)
Right to impose fines in case of non-compliance of citizens
in their duties regarding sanitation.
Based on a normative assessment, the capital cost of
implementing the above actions is estimated at ` 0.5
crores during 2012 to 2015.
NEED
32
Segregation of MSW Scientific Disposal Cost recovery-SWM Collection Efficiency

PART IV: Strategies and Action Plan
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
6: Governance and Institutional Framework
Nashik’s governance and institutional framework has two main issues diffused accountability for the services,
and inadequate staffing. To address these
issues, a two-way approach would be required from GoM and NMC.
GoM should undertake the following actions:
a) GoM should actively support ULBs in implementing local level policy framework through model bye-laws and guidelines. The subjects that should be considered
are as follows:
Subjects for guidance manual:
Public toilets configuration, sizing and operation
Building regulation: Toilet sizing and specifications
as part of the Building Code
Subjects for Bye-laws:
Groundwater management and rainwater harvesting
Regulation, fixation and revision of user charges
Connection and disconnection policy for water and sewerage connections
On-site sanitation, decentralised treatment, and septage management
b)
GoM should undertake an organisation assessment of NMC
NMC should undertake the following actions:
a)
Should strengthen the Health Department
Give additional powers to the Health department such as repairs and
maintenance up to ` 50 lakh per year with sanction from the Chief
Engineer. Repairs above ` 50 lakh will be done by PWD as per existing
practice.
Appoint three deputy engineers in the Health Department for carrying
out routine repairs and maintenance works.
b) Consider a three-level monitoring and
evaluation framework
c)
d)
Implement training need assessment
recommendations
Formulate a comprehensive cost recovery
and tariff policy for sanitation services to
facilitate fixation, revision, and regulation of
user charges for sanitation services
First
Level-Elected
Municipal Council
Second Level-
Public Participation
Third Level-
Independent Evaluation
33

PART IV: Strategies and Action Plan
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
7: Financial Sustainability
The NMC has low cost recovery which affects its financial sustainability. To address this issue, the NMC should implement the following action plan:
Clarify cost recovery objectives and approach through a well-articulated and disseminated tariff policy in consultation with the GoM, and mechanisms /
accountability for implementation as defined earlier.
Implement a framework to track and disseminate information on O&M costs of all sanitation services, particularly in the context of additional O&M costs arising as a
result of implementation of ongoing and proposed projects under JNNURM.
Align user charges in sanitation services with cost recovery targets enunciated in NMC’s Tariff Policy. In particular, implement the following actions towards
improving cost recovery in the immediate term:
a) Water Supply: Improve metering infrastructure to facilitate regular
meter reading, formulation of volumetric tariffs,
and collection of user
charges
b) Sewerage: Implement a user charge framework for sewerage
connections that are based on the volumetric usage of water
c) Solid Waste management: Implement slab-based user charges to levy
and collect differential levels of user charges from different categories
of waste generators
34

PART IV: Strategies and Action Plan
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
A normative assessment of capital cost estimate across various sanitation components
Phasing of Investment
Capital Investment ( ` Lakh)
Short
Medium
Long
TOTAL
Access to Public Toilets- for Slums and Floating population
2,088
-
684
2,772
Water Supply
8250
2150
0
10400
Waste water management
3300
1200
0
4500
Storm Water Management
8100
200
0
8300
Solid Waste Management
2400
1100
0
3500
ISIP, Project Development and Capacity Building
1350
600
600
2550
TOTAL
25,488
5,250
1,284
32,022
35

PART IV: Strategies and Action Plan
City Sanitation Plan for Nashik
The estimated O&M costs for sanitation service delivery effectively translate to about ` 300 per month per household and suggest that 100% O&M cost recovery is achievable
through cross subsidy to lower-income households and leveraging other potential means of revenue realization including revenues from waste recovery and from recycling
/ re-use of waste water.
O&M COST
2012
2016
2021
2031
2041
Water Supply
4,417
6,563
10,525
26,273
60,324
Waste Water Management
2,466
3,641
5,755
14,358
33,060
SWM
3,108
4,675
7,842
21,532
54,612
Toilets
1,580
1,371
931
1,071
1,959
TOTAL ( ` In Lakh)
11,570
16,250
25,053
63,234
149,955
Annual Sanitation O&M Cost ( ` per capita)
718
840
1,031
1,699
2,859
Monthly Sanitation O&M Cost ( ` per capita)
60
70
86
142
238
Monthly O&M cost ( ` per household)
299
350
430
708
1,191
36

City Sanitation Task Force
Sr. No.
Designation & Affiliation
Name
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
Mayor, NMC
Deputy Mayor, NMC
Commissioner, NMC
President Standing Committee
Leader of House
Leader of Opposition, NMC
City Engineer
Superintending Engineer
Medical Officer of Health (MoH)
Executive Engineer (Mechanical)
Public representative
Public representative
Public representative
Pollution Control Board
Journalist, Nashik
Industry Representative
Principal, J.D.C Bytco IMSR,
NGO Representative
Representative, Industrial Association, Nashik
Representative, Maharashtra University of Health Sciences, Nashik
Representative, Sulbah International, Nashik
Representative, Union of Sanitary Workers Nashik
Mrs. Nayana Gholap
Prof. Devyani Farandhe
Mr. B.D. Sanap
Mr. Sanjay Sable
Mr. Sudhakar Budguar
Dr. Hemlata Patil
Mr. Sunil Khune,
Mr. R.K. Pawar
Dr. Kondiram Pawar
Mr. S. S. Magare
Dr. Mamata Patil
Mr. Gurumit Singh Bagga
Mr. Bhagwan Bhage,
Regional Officer
Mr. Sanjay Pathak
Mr. Lokesh Shevade
Dr. (Mrs.) A. A. Verulkar
Mr. Milind Babar
NIMA
Vice Chancellor

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