Biogas production in climates with long cold winters - SuSanA

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7. Conclusions We are now going to give some conclusions about the biogas plants as a mean for reducing the poverty in cold climate area. Because of the positive value of the NPV we could conclude that the use of biogas plants could reduce the poverty in certain areas where the climatic conditions allow a sufficient biogas production (such as Romania, Kirghizstan and Georgia) . What we should keep in account is that in our calculations we did not consider all the transaction costs involved in the implementation of such a program and other benefits, such as the gain from the CDM mechanism and the lobour saving. Hence this value has to be considered as an approximation of the real value. 58
8. Recommendations to WECF: • There’s more research needed in the psychrophilic conditions of biogas production. There’s a huge literature gap. • The suggestions we have given are not tested empirically e.g. the concept of the pump leachate circulation for the community biogas plants. This makes it necessary to start small pilot scale studies before implementing the structure/s on a larger scale. • Community consultation based approach should be used to implement successful projects i.e. wide scale consultation of beneficiary communities. • With the concept of a heating plant (i.e. inoculum circulating plant and the solar heating one) there’s need to research in the effects of different temperatures in gain and losses of additional energy supplied to the plant. • In the small scale plant the use of heated water to dilute the waste could help to increase or maintain viable temperatures within the plant. • It may be worth researching to find out if it is more profitable to store for winter times than to produce gas continuously using a heating mechanism. • It is a good idea to encourage beneficiary communities (such as in Kazakhstan) to continue implementing a central collection system for the substrate waste material for convenience and efficiency in transportation. • A trade off should be done to see what is more convenient between household plants and community plants. • Actual performance of a house on site plant at 5 degrees needs to be studied. We suggest to construct a plant based on our calculations in one of the targeted countries. Judging from the temperature distribution in the different countries, Romania, Georgia or Kirghizstan are the best countries for a first trial plant. However, actual temperature conditions are location specific, therefore first the actual temperature of a certain location need to be examined. When doing so, the conditions must not be lower than on average -5 degrees (over a month) in wintertime. Additionally, the soil should not be composed of rock and care should be taken with a high water level which might pose an obstacle for construction. • A pilot plant should also be used to examine actual biogas production per substrate, and actual biogas demand per family size. • In countries (locations) where winter months are long and below -5 on average, house on site biogas production is not reliable in wintertime. In the summer a biogas plant is possible. However, alternative cooking fuels are necessary in wintertime, and it is questionable if a summertime biogas plant would really add to poverty reduction in that case. • If a pilot plant is constructed and in operation with success, we advice to set up a provincial or even nationwide biogas program. We recommend that for several reasons: 59
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Biogas production in climates with
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Abstract The need to provide afford
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5.4 Fertilizer-related benefits ...
Page 7 and 8: The concept behind the community ba
Page 9 and 10: microorganisms are unable to attach
Page 11 and 12: mesophilic ranges of (16-24°C) for
Page 13 and 14: Batch plants: These plants are fill
Page 15 and 16: 2007). In such a reactor the HRT is
Page 17 and 18: Characteristics The operation of a
Page 19 and 20: 5. Other plants There are other typ
Page 21 and 22: . Figure 4: Digester temperature in
Page 23 and 24: 3. House on site biogas plant This
Page 25 and 26: 2. Reliability Lifespan The Deenban
Page 27 and 28: 5. Gas production In theory, each d
Page 29 and 30: 3.2 Adaptation of the Deenbandhu di
Page 31 and 32: Figure 7: Calculated reactor volume
Page 33 and 34: Slurry storage During the off grow-
Page 35 and 36: 3.4 Application of the suggested di
Page 37 and 38: The basic idea of this type of plan
Page 39 and 40: It is imperative to mention that th
Page 41 and 42: from the digestion process. This he
Page 43 and 44: Figure 13: Fixed dome plant recomme
Page 45 and 46: 5.Costs-Benefits Analysis 5.1 Intro
Page 47 and 48: 5.2 Building costs The first step o
Page 49 and 50: can be calculated from the fuel pri
Page 51 and 52: iogas slurry, I can harvest two bag
Page 53 and 54: Table 5Annual inputs and outputs of
Page 55 and 56: The macro-economic benefits from bi
Page 57: 6.3 Practical Example We are now go
Page 61 and 62: REFERENCES: • AFPRO.Deenbandhu 20
Page 63 and 64: • Nedwell, D.B. (1999) “Effect
Page 65 and 66: Feb 4 -4 -8 -20 -1.9 -12 4 -5 11.3
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Biogas production in climates with long cold winters - SuSanA

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