ASNT Level III Visual Testing, VT

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FIGURE 69. Improper surface preparation; the grind marks mask indications and even a severe etchant does not give good test results Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
7.2.2 Removing Rust and Scale Rust and mill scale are normally removed by mechanical methods such as wire brushing or grinding. If appropriate for a particular test, the use of a severe etchant requires only the removal of loose rust and mill scale. Rust may also be removed chemically. Commercially available rust removers are generally inhibited mineral acid solutions and are not often used for test object preparation. Most surface tests require complete removal of rust and mill scale but a coarsely ground surface is often adequate preparation before etching. Grinding may be done manually or by belt, disk or surface grinding tools. Surface grinders are usually found only in machine shops. Hand grinding requires a hard flat surface to support the abrasive sheet. Coolant is needed during grinding and water is the preferred coolant but kerosene may be used if the test material is not compatible with water. Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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ASNT Level III Visual Testing, VT 2
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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ASNT Certification Guide NDT Level
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4. Interpretation/ Evaluation • E
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SI Multiplier http://www.poynton.co
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Reading 1 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Reading 1 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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About Vision Charlie Chong/ Fion Zh
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Keywords: • Light Spectrum Charli
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Keywords: • Scoptic & Photopic Vi
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Keywords: • Scotopic- night respo
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Keywords: • Subtractive primaries
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Cyan Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Light Refraction: Refractive Index
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Light Refraction: Refractive Index
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Surface Luminance: Inverse Square &
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Surface Luminance: Lambert’s Law
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Surface Luminance: Lambert’s Cosi
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang Surface i
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The lambert (symbol L, la or Lb) is
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The Eyes Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Rods and Cones The retina contains
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Rod and Cone Density on Retina Char
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Rod Details The rods are the most n
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Keywords: • Cones are responsible
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Visual Angle Charlie Chong/ Fion Zh
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Visual Acuity: What is 20/20 Vision
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Color Vision: Photopic Vision depen
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Ishihara Plates Charlie Chong/ Fion
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Optical Illusion-Due to Contrast Ch
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Optical Illusion- Due to Contrast C
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Optical Illusion- The square A is e
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Optical Illusion- Simultaneous Cont
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Optical Illusion - Due to Brightnes
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Keywords: • Plano • Concavo / C
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Lenses and the focal lengths Charli
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Keywords: Surface Features: Affecte
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Surface Roughness Surface roughness
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A roughness value can either be cal
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Since these parameters reduce all o
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Ra- Average distance of the profile
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Keywords Anisotropic Surface: Perio
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Keywords: Anisotropic Surface- has
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Color & Gloss Visual Comparison for
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Natural Color System Charlie Chong/
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Natural Color System Charlie Chong/
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Munsell Color System Charlie Chong/
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Geometric Tolerances Charlie Chong/
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Metal Cells → Crystals Charlie Ch
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Keywords: • Atoms • Cells • C
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Keywords: Electrochemical Nature of
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Keywords: Metal Working Processes
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Metal Casting Charlie Chong/ Fion Z
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• Primary forming processes - Met
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• Secondary forming processes - M
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• Secondary forming processes Cha
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• Secondary forming processes Cha
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• Finishing processes Charlie Cho
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• Finishing processes Charlie Cho
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• Joining Process Charlie Chong/
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• Services Charlie Chong/ Fion Zh
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• Services Charlie Chong/ Fion Zh
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Profilometer Charlie Chong/ Fion Zh
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Section 4: Documentation & Analysis
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The processes of producing replica
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In-situ Metallographic Replication
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The techniques: A standardized tech
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ASNT Level III VT- Reading 2 Pre-Ex
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Pump: A pump is a device that moves
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Centrifugal Pumps The pump impeller
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Seismic snubbers Charlie Chong/ Fio
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Forging: Rolling Defects Hear what
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Scabs Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Scabs Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Slivers On Rolled Steel Products
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Slivers are loose or torn segments
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Seams On Rolled Steel Products Char
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Seams On Rolled Steel Products Char
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Seams can be detected visually by e
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My rule of thumb was that if it was
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Laps On Rolled Steel Products Charl
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Laps: An etch of the full section s
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Cross section of steel bar exhibiti
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This post will focus on the central
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Chevron Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Polarization: (also polarisation) i
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Bolt Naming Charlie Chong/ Fion Zha
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About Photogrammetry Charlie Chong/
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Photogrammetry Charlie Chong/ Fion
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Photogrammetry Charlie Chong/ Fion
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Borescope • Objective lens • Re
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Diffraction refers to various pheno
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Diffraction http://physicshelp.co.u
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Diffraction Charlie Chong/ Fion Zha
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Optical filters are devices that se
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Borescope Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Level II- Notes My self Study Notes
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Steel Ingots Charlie Chong/ Fion Zh
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Steel Ingots Charlie Chong/ Fion Zh
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Level II Question on Ingot (my mist
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Ingot Discontinuities http://www.su
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Metal - More Reading Nondestructive
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Bimetallic Thermometer: Charlie Cho
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Hyperthermia Treatment Sitting in a
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Photometry is the science of the me
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Stroboscope Charlie Chong/ Fion Zha
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A stroboscope Charlie Chong/ Fion Z
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Photopic (daytime-adapted, black cu
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Color Additive color is light creat
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Metallurgical Microscope An optical
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Ocular Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Single Len Magnification Magnifying
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Astigmatism is an optical defect in
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Farsightedness/ Hyperobia Charlie C
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About Sampling Terms & Definitions
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Acceptance Sampling Plan A specific
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AOQL Acronym for Average Outgoing Q
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AQL ..continues Comment: This defin
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ASN curve Acronym for Average Sampl
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Margin of Error The sampling error
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RQL Acronym for Rejectable Quality
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Statistically Valid An acceptance s
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About Light & Vision Charlie Chong/
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Blue-light hazard is defined as the
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Classical interference microscopy (
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Fillet Weld Charlie Chong/ Fion Zha
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Concave Fillet Weld= Weld Size < We
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Fig. 1 - Fillet weld measurements:
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Fillet weld sizes must be large eno
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Photoemissive, Photovoltaic, Photoc
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The light wavelength range over whi
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Photoconductivity is an optical and
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ASNT Level III- Visual & Optical Te
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At Works Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Certifications- ASNT *Time in Metho
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Vision Factors The focus of the len
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The Eyes Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Starry Night Light sensitivity: 10
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Drill Rig at Bright Sunny Morning C
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Eye Refractivity At Relax Accommoda
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Myopia- Near Sightedness Charlie Ch
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Hyperopia - Farsightedness Charlie
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Hyperopia - Farsightedness Charlie
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The two kinds of light receptors in
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q Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Pupil, Iris, Sclera Charlie Chong/
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The Eye Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Keywords: Hue / Tone- Color Charlie
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Keywords: Hue / Tone- Color Charlie
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Color Characteristics Saturation: A
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Saturation Brightness (value) Satur
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The Colors: Hue/ Saturation & Brigh
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Glare Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Spectrum Limits of Visibility The e
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The Universe - The hidden colors Ch
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18 percent neutral gray card Charli
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Lighting: (applicable for NRC only)
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Magnification Charlie Chong/ Fion Z
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Visual Examination Code Requirement
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The Jaeger eye chart is used for re
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ASME BPVC-XI-2010 2010 ASME Boiler
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A summary of ASME IWA-2212 VT-2 req
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AWS Certified Welding Inspector Ame
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Direction of View (DOV) Charlie Cho
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Reading 4 ASNT Nondestructive Handb
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SECTION 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF VISUAL AN
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PART 4: Safety for visual and optic
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For the purposes of this book, visu
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Keywords: Objects: • Testing of o
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1.3.2 Light Sources The light sourc
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Gas-discharge lamps are a family of
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Vapor Discharged Lamp Charlie Chong
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Vapor Discharged Lamp Charlie Chong
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Monochromator used prisms or gratin
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1Stroboscopic Movement Charlie Chon
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Stroboscopic Movement Charlie Chong
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Stroboscopic Sources Charlie Chong/
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千手观音 Charlie Chong/ Fion
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千手观音 Charlie Chong/ Fion
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Keywords: Photoelectricity detectio
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Bolometer Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Bolometer Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Thermopiles Charlie Chong/ Fion Zha
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Multi-Junction Thermopiles The ther
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Photomultiplier Photomultiplier tub
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Photomultiplier Secondary emission
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Photomultiplier Charlie Chong/ Fion
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Photovoltaic Cell Charlie Chong/ Fi
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Photoemissive Cell Charlie Chong/ F
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1.3.5 Fluorescence Detection A mate
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More Reading on Light Light Measure
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2.1.1 Cystoscopes and Borescopes In
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2.1.2 Gastroscopes and Flexible Bor
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Keywords: Conventional Borescope Be
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2.1.3 American Development of Bores
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FIGURE 1. George Crampton, develope
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FIGURE 4. Periscope built in the 19
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FIGURE 5. Using a borescope, an ins
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Manhattan Project Charlie Chong/ Fi
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Manhattan Project Charlie Chong/ Fi
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FIGURE 6. Inspector using a boresco
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2.2.0 Certification of Visual Inspe
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2.2.2 Expanded Need for Visual Cert
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Part 3: VISION AND LIGHT 3.1 The Ph
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3.1.2 Differentiation in the Field
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3.1.3 Searching the Field of View T
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Experimentation in the area of visu
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The diagram in Fig. 9 represents a
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http://art.nmu.edu/cognates/ad175/b
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3.3.2 Components of the Human Eye T
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FIGURE 10. Components of the human
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To ensure reliable observation, the
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Keywords: • The average eye views
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3.4.2 Near Vision Examinations The
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3.4.4 Grading Vision Acuity The cri
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An eye chart is a chart used to mea
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Snellen Chart- Far Vision Acuity Ch
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Jaeger chart Charlie Chong/ Fion Zh
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FIGURE 12. Letters used for acuity
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Many of the lighting conditions for
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There are slight differences betwee
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FIGURE 13. Vision acuity of periphe
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3.5.3 Visual Testing Viewing Angle
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The same principle applies to objec
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3.6.2 Color Vision Examinations Ten
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Color Vision Examinations-Ishihara
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Acquired color deficiency is a grea
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TABLE 2. Causes of acquired color v
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Anomaloscope Charlie Chong/ Fion Zh
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TABLE 3. Classification of color vi
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For the practical purpose of classi
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Pseudoisochromatic plates http://ww
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The exam consists of the examinee's
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To perform such an examination, two
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PLATE 1. Colored caps for normal co
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PLATE 3. Colored caps for normal co
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PLATE 5. Colored caps for green bli
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PLATE 7. Colored caps for anomalous
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Fluorescence is the absorption of l
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Keywords: Studies show that the int
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FIGURE 15. Electromagnetic spectrum
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FIGURE 15. Electromagnetic spectrum
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FIGURE 16. Human eye response at 10
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FIGURE 16. Human eye response to li
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Eye Spectra Responds: http://www.te
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Fluorescence Testing Charlie Chong/
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Part 4: SAFETY FOR VISUAL AND OPTIC
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The majority of such light-dark eff
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Because of the publicity of the hea
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However, the probability of visual
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FIGURE 1 7. Typical retinal burn th
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4.4 Ultraviolet Hazards Before deve
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It should also be mentioned that so
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For purposes of determining exposur
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TABLE 5. Threshold limit values for
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4.6 Damage to the Retina It is poss
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This analysis strictly holds only f
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4.7 Thermal Factor Visible and near
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Fortunately, few arc sources are su
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4.9 Visual Safety Recommendations T
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For my coming ASNT Level III VT Exa
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang Fion Zhan
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SECTION 2: The Physics of Light PAR
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PART 1: THE PHYSICS OF LIGHT 1.0 Ge
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Wave Theory The wave theory of radi
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Quantum Theory The quantum theory i
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The quantum theory and the electrom
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All forms of radiant energy are tra
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Planck and the Quanta In 1900, Max
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1.3 Blackbody Radiation The light f
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Black-body radiation is the type of
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1.3.1 Planck Radiation Law Data des
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FIGURE 2. Blackbody radiation curve
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FIGURE 2. Blackbody radiation curve
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The color (chromaticity) of black-b
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Wien Radiation Law Charlie Chong/ F
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1.3.4 Spectral Emissivity No known
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FIGURE 3. Radiation curves for blac
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1.3.7 Color Temperature The radiati
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1.4 Atomic Structure and Radiation
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Plank’s Equation Charlie Chong/ F
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1.5 Luminous Efficiency of Radiant
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Most observers yield only a slight
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PART 2: MEASUREMENT OF THE PROPERTI
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FIGURE 4. Cross section of a barrie
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FIGURE 4. Cross section of a barrie
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2.2 Photoconductor Cells Photocondu
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2.3 Photoelectric Tubes The photoel
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Photoelectric Effects Charlie Chong
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Photoelectric Effects http://whs.ws
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Photodiode Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhan
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Photodiode Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhan
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Phototransistors Charlie Chong/ Fio
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2.5.1 Observer Response Curves Ligh
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Photopic and Scotopic Vision Charli
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Between the levels at which the eye
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2.5.3 Measurable Quantities As indi
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2.6 Principles of Photometry 2.6.0
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2.6.2 Lambert Cosine Law The Lamber
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2.6.3 Photometric Reference Standar
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2.6.5 Means of Achieving Attenuatio
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Neutral gelatin filters are satisfa
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Both types of meters may be grouped
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2.8 Photovoltaic Cell Meters 2.8.0
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2.8.1 Spectral Response The spectra
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2.8.2 Transient Effects When expose
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The possibility of cosine error mus
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2.8.5 Effect of Cyclical Variation
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2.8.7 Electrical interference With
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Because of the large number of phot
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Luminance Photometers Charlie Chong
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2.9.3 High Sensitivity Photometer O
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High Sensitivity Photometer Charlie
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2.10.2 Visual Task Photometer The v
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Visual Equivalent Sphere Illuminati
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Background illuminance is then reco
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2.11 Reflectometers Reflectometers
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Various instruments are available f
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2.12 Radiometers Radiometers are so
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Various types of silicon photodiode
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2.13 Spectrophotometers Photometry
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Spectrophotometers Charlie Chong/ F
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2.14 Types of Photometers 2.14.1 Op
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2.14.3 Goniometer and Single Cell T
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2.14.4 Fixed Multiple Cell Photomet
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2.14.5 Moving Cell Photometer The m
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2.14.6 Moving Mirror Photometer In
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The presence of a finite source, it
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Integrating Sphere Photometer Charl
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At works Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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SECTION 3: THE VISUAL AND OPTICAL T
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PART 4: VISUAL WELD TESTING PERFORM
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TABLE 1. Summary of the visual and
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1.1 Visual Testing in Product Desig
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1.2 Designing for Quality Assurance
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Management must decide what quality
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2.1 Cleanliness The act of seeing d
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This is done by increasing the angl
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2.3 Lighting for Visual Tests The a
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2.4 Light Intensities The nanometer
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Keywords: • A minimum intensity o
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Light measuring device- Photometer
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More clinically precise ways of mea
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FIGURE 1. Minimum angle for typical
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The lens does not pass light of the
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of color sensitive cones, nearly al
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FIGURE 2. Cross section of the eye,
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Rods and cones differ in the minimu
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3.4 Receptors Because receptors are
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3.5 Perception 3.5.0 General In ter
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FIGURE 3. In the MUller-Lyer illusi
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FIGURE 3. In the MUller-Lyer illusi
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3.5.2 Effects of Fatigue Seeing is
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Diabetic retinopathy is another con
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3.5.4 Effect of Observer's Attitude
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The optical image on the retina is
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3.6.2 Refractivity and Binocular Vi
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Myopia Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Hyperopia Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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3.6.3 Distance Judgment Binocular v
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3.7.1 Photochemical Processes The m
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3.7.2 Light Receptors The two kinds
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Light Receptors http://ncifrederick
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Cones http://users.rcn.com/jkimball
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3.8.1 Color Characteristics Every c
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3.8.2 Color Changes The critical ev
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3.9 Observer Differences The visibi
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4.1 Near Vision Acuity The majority
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4.3 Target Detection A critical per
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FIGURE 4. General view of 20/20 nea
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FIGURE 6. Photograph of 0.75 mm (0.
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4.4.2 Lighting and Target Angle Nea
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4.4.4 Psychophysics Psychophysics i
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4.6 Performance Standards for Visua
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FIGURE 8. Same plate as in Figure 8
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Transverse cracks can be fabricated
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Therefore, a reliable method must b
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There are several integrated visual
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4.9 Scanning Techniques Detection i
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Scanning coverage requires a visual
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The other key feature of artificial
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Dye Penetrant Testing Charlie Chong
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The blind test regime represents th
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Expert Diver at works Charlie Chong
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Expert Diver at works Charlie Chong
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Keywords: • some loss of depth cu
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The few visual standards that refer
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Remote Visual Tests Charlie Chong/
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Remote Visual Tests Charlie Chong/
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4.13 Other Factors Affecting Percep
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4.14 Recommendations for Visual Wel
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4.15 Conclusion Improved training a
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SECTION 4: BASIC AIDS AND ACCESSORI
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PART 4: MACHINE VISION TECHNOLOGY 4
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PART 6: TEMPERATURE INDICATING MATE
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PART 1: BASIC VISUAL AIDS 1.0 Gener
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Inspector’s Factors Charlie Chong
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Inspector’s Factors Charlie Chong
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1.1 Effects of the Test Object The
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FIGURE 2. Arrows indicate portion o
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FIGURE 4. Reflectivity helps determ
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FIGURE 6. Object depth (arrows) is
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Keywords: 1. Entry port size determ
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PART 2: MAGNIFIERS 2.1 Range of Cha
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Bi-Convex Microscope Charlie Chong/
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Bright Field Microscope Charlie Cho
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Bright Field Microscope Charlie Cho
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Oblique Microscopy Charlie Chong/ F
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Polarized Microscopy Charlie Chong/
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Interference Microscopy Charlie Cho
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Interference Microscopy A picture f
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Page 891 and 892:
Phase Contrast Microscopy Charlie C
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Chromatic correction (to eliminate
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Table 1 shows the characteristics o
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Reader Lens Charlie Chong/ Fion Zha
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Eyeglass Loupe Charlie Chong/ Fion
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Eyeglass Loupe Charlie Chong/ Fion
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Triplet Magnifier Charlie Chong/ Fi
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2.1.2 Surface Comparators The surfa
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Other Surface Comparators Charlie C
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2.1.3 Measuring Magnifier A measuri
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2.1.4 Illuminated Magnifiers Illumi
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2.2 Low Power Microscopes 2.2.0 Gen
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Wide Field Tubes Charlie Chong/ Fio
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Wide Field Tubes Charlie Chong/ Fio
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FIGURE 10. Typical measuring scales
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2.3.1 Wide Field Stereoscopic Micro
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FIGURE 11. Wide field stereoscopic
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2.3.2 Shop Microscope The shop micr
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Shop Microscope Charlie Chong/ Fion
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2.3.3 Brinell Microscope The Brinel
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Brinell Microscope Charlie Chong/ F
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Page 939 and 940:
Vicker Hardness Microscope Charlie
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2.4.1 Laboratory Microscope The con
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Metallurgical Microscope Charlie Ch
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2.4.2 Metallurgical Microscope The
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Metallographic Microscope Charlie C
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Polarizing Microscope on liquids Ch
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Polarizing Microscope on Liquid Cry
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Polarizing Microscope Charlie Chong
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objective is also available as an a
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Interference Microscope Charlie Cho
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Interference Microscope Charlie Cho
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FIGURE 12. Arrangement of elements
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FIGURE 12. Arrangement of elements
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Phase contrast microscopy is partic
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Phase contrast microscopy Charlie C
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As the name suggests, the differenc
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PART 3: BORESCOPES 3.1 Fiber Optic
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Fiber Optic Charlie Chong/ Fion Zha
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FIGURE 14. Light paths in fiber bun
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Fiber Image Guides Charlie Chong/ F
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Fiber Image Guides Charlie Chong/ F
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3.1.2 Fiber Light Guides Another fi
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Fiber Image Charlie Chong/ Fion Zha
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Rigid Borescopes Charlie Chong/ Fio
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3.2.1 Focusing a Rigid Borescope Th
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FIGURE 19. Borescope images with va
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3.2.2 Need for Specifications Becau
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3.2.3 Setup of a Rigid Borescope To
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FIGURE 22. Field of view width for
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FIGURE 23. Mini-borescope wide angl
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3.3 Special Purpose Borescopes Angu
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Panoramic borescopes Charlie Chong/
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Aircraft propeller blades are visua
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Aircraft Inspection Applications Ch
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Aircraft Inspection Applications Ch
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3.4.2 Automotive Industry Borescope
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3.4.3 Machine Shops Borescopes find
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3.4.4 Power Plants In steam power p
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3.4.6 Petroleum Industry Borescopes
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3.5.1 Angles of Vision To meet a wi
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3.5.2 General Characteristics Desir
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3.5.4 Depth of Focus, Field of View
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The entrance pupil is that image of
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3.6 Borescope Construction A boresc
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FIGURE 25. Components of typical bo
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Another application of the right an
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3.6.2 Forward Oblique Borescopes Th
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3.6.5 Section Borescopes Borescopes
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3.7 Special Purpose Borescopes Bore
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Periscopes Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhan
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3.7.4 Panoramic Borescopes The pano
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TABLE 6. Specifications of forward
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3.7.5 Reading Borescopes Low power
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FIGURE 28. Panoramic borescope: (a)
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Photography of the interiors of lar
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SECTION 4: BASIC AIDS AND ACCESSORI
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PART 6: TEMPERATURE INDICATING MATE
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5.1 Cellulose Acetate Replication A
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5.1.2 Fracture Surface Analysis The
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Replicas, in the as-stripped condit
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Microstructural replication is done
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If analysis with the scanning elect
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Sputter deposition is a physical va
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Sputtering http://en.wikipedia.org/
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Sputtering http://clearmetalsinc.co
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Sputter Deposition Charlie Chong/ F
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5.1.4 Strain Replication The replic
Page 1089 and 1090: FIGURE 56. Principles of acetate ta
Page 1091 and 1092: Fatigue striations Charlie Chong/ F
Page 1093 and 1094: FIGURE 59. Documentation of creep d
Page 1095 and 1096: FIGURE 60. Documentation of stress
Page 1097 and 1098: TABLE 14. Action required for creep
Page 1099 and 1100: Cellulose Acetate Replication http:
Page 1101 and 1102: Replication Microscopy Techniques f
Page 1103 and 1104: Replication Microscopy Techniques f
Page 1105 and 1106: 5.2.1 Use of Silicone Replicating M
Page 1107 and 1108: FIGURE 63. Silicon replicas used to
Page 1109 and 1110: Brittle Failure Chevron Marking Cha
Page 1111 and 1112: PART 6: TEMPERATURE INDICATING MATE
Page 1113 and 1114: Temperature indicating sticks were
Page 1115 and 1116: Levels of Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 1117 and 1118: 6.2 Certification of Temperature In
Page 1119 and 1120: 6.3 Applications for Temperature In
Page 1121 and 1122: 6.3.2 Verifying Oven Temperatures T
Page 1123 and 1124: 6.3.4 Process Control Applications
Page 1125 and 1126: 6.3.6 Precise Post forming Heat Con
Page 1127 and 1128: Another example of handforrning is
Page 1129 and 1130: 6.3.7 Pipeline Coatings Epoxy powde
Page 1131 and 1132: The most common use for temperature
Page 1133 and 1134: FIGURE 67. Temperature indicating s
Page 1135 and 1136: PART 7: CHEMICAL AIDS 7.0 General T
Page 1137 and 1138: 7.1 Test Object Selection Figure 68
Page 1139: 7.2 Surface Preparation Preparation
Page 1143 and 1144: If the required finish cannot be ac
Page 1145 and 1146: FIGURE 70. Example of contrast reve
Page 1147 and 1148: 7.3.2 Safety Precautions Etchants a
Page 1149 and 1150: Etchant Safety Charlie Chong/ Fion
Page 1151 and 1152: Etchant Safety Charlie Chong/ Fion
Page 1153 and 1154: 7.3.3 Containers Containers used wi
Page 1155 and 1156: 1. add the acid or alkali to the wa
Page 1157 and 1158: 7.3.6 Disposal Before disposing of
Page 1159 and 1160: 7.4.2 Swabbing Etching may also be
Page 1161 and 1162: 7.4.4 Test Object Preservation Rins
Page 1163 and 1164: 7.5 Conclusion Visual testing is pe
Page 1165 and 1166: Cellulose Replica Sheets Charlie Ch
Page 1167 and 1168: Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 1169 and 1170: A As-Cast Condition: Casting withou
Page 1171 and 1172: C Casting Yield: The weight of cast
Page 1173 and 1174: Coreprint: A projection on a patter
Page 1175 and 1176: E Ejector Pins: Movable pins in the
Page 1177 and 1178: I Inclusions: Particles of slag, re
Page 1179 and 1180: M Mold: The form, made of sand, met
Page 1181 and 1182: P Parting Line: A mark or line prod
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ASNT Level III Visual Testing, VT

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