ZEND PHP 5 Certification STUDY GUIDE

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Object Oriented Programming in PHP ” 133 function __autoload($class) { // Require PEAR-compatible classes require_once str_replace("_", "/", $class); } $obj = new Some_Class(); When instantiating Some_Class, __autoload() is called and passed “Some_Class.php” as its argument. The function then replaces the underscores with forward slashes, and includes the file using require_once(). Using __autoload() is of great help when you are working with only one naming scheme; it allows lazy-loading of classes, so that classes that are never used are also never loaded. However, once you start mixing code and using different libraries (e.g.: PEAR and some legacy application) you will rapidly run into cases that __autoload() cannot handle without becoming too bulky and slow. The Standard PHP Library (SPL), luckily, offers a simpler solution to this problem by allowing you to stack autoloaders on top of each other. If one fails to load a class, the next one in the chain is called, until either the class has been loaded, or no more autoloaders are part of the chain (in which case, a fatal error occurs). By default, SPL uses its own autoloader, called spl_autoload(); this built-in function checks all include paths for filenames that match the name of the class that needs loading in lowercase letters, followed by .inc, .php, or the extensions specified using a comma-separated string as the only parameter to a call to spl_autoload_extensions(). Additional autoloaders can be added to the stack by calling spl_autoload_register(). The first call to this function replaces the __autoload() call in the engine with its own implementation—this means that, if you already have a user-defined __autoload() you will need to register it with SPL in order for it to continue working: Licensed to 482634 - Amber Barrow (itsadmin@deakin.edu.au) spl_autoload_register(’spl_autoload’); if (function_exists(’__autoload’)) { spl_autoload_register(’__autoload’); }
134 ” Object Oriented Programming in PHP Reflection With PHP’s new object model comes the Reflection API a collection of functions and objects that allows you to examine the contents of a script’s code, such as functions and objects, at runtime. Reflection can be very handy in a number of circumstances; for example, it can be used to generate simple documentation, or for determining whether certain functionality is available to a script, and so on. Here’s an example: Documentation
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php|architect’s Zend PHP 5 Certif
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vi ” CONTENTS Operators . . . . .
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viii ” CONTENTS Delimiters . . .
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x ” CONTENTS The Factory Pattern
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xii ” CONTENTS Appendix A — Dif
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xviii ” CONTENTS study process mu
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4 ” PHP Basics Standard Tags Shor
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6 ” PHP Basics Comments Another c
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8 ” PHP Basics Another very impor
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10 ” PHP Basics You would expect
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12 ” PHP Basics ply the names of
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14 ” PHP Basics } echo ’myFunc!
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16 ” PHP Basics Arithmetic Operat
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18 ” PHP Basics $string2 = "baz";
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20 ” PHP Basics 4,294,967,296—w
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22 ” PHP Basics == Equivalence. E
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24 ” PHP Basics echo !$a; // outp
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26 ” PHP Basics Associativity Ope
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28 ” PHP Basics The code above wo
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30 ” PHP Basics true, the code in
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32 ” PHP Basics } echo $i . PHP_E
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34 ” PHP Basics i Error reporting
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38 ” Functions { } echo "Hello Wo
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40 ” Functions However, any time
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42 ” Functions Variable-length Ar
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44 ” Functions // Remove the defi
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48 ” Arrays assigns a numeric key
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50 ” Arrays $a = array (’4’ =
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52 ” Arrays } int(3) Note how the
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54 ” Arrays echo isset ($a[’a
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56 ” Arrays cope with the fact th
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58 ” Arrays If, however, all you
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60 ” Arrays $type = array(’inte
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62 ” Arrays ["b"]=> string(3) "ba
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64 ” Arrays { // Sort according t
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66 ” Arrays $cards = array (1, 2,
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68 ” Arrays $last_in = array_pop(
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70 ” Arrays want it to be compute
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74 ” Strings And Patterns Escape
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76 ” Strings And Patterns When us
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78 ” Strings And Patterns Note th
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80 ” Strings And Patterns You can
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186 ” XML and Web Services This c
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188 ” XML and Web Services struct
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190 ” XML and Web Services Fahren
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194 ” XML and Web Services What t
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196 ” XML and Web Services i If a
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198 ” XML and Web Services operab
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200 ” XML and Web Services if ($r
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202 ” XML and Web Services $dom =
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204 ” XML and Web Services Workin
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206 ” XML and Web Services Web Se
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208 ” XML and Web Services way da
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210 ” XML and Web Services } When
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212 ” XML and Web Services The UR
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216 ” Security tainted and this d
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220 ” Security $html = array(); $
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232 ” Security While this attack
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234 ” Security tions or classes l
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238 ” Streams and Network Program
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254 ” Differences Between PHP 4 a
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258 ” INDEX as stacks, 68 calcula
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260 ” INDEX constants, 14 class c
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262 ” INDEX removeAttribute(), 20
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264 ” INDEX compression, 105 cook
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266 ” INDEX ArrayAccess, 177 offs
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268 ” INDEX set_exception_handler
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