Malaria and children: Progress in intervention coverage - Unicef

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The number of nets procured by UNICEF has more than tripled in only two years—from around 7 million in 2004 to nearly 25 million in 2006 15 Malaria and children Figure 7 Household ownership of any type of net is relatively high, but increases are needed in ownership of insecticide-treated nets 2 Guinea-Bissau (2006) 79 Congo (2005) 76 Niger (2006) 69 Chad a (2004) 64 Gambia, The (2006) 59 Benin (2006) 56 Mauritania (2003–2004) 56 Mali a (2001) 54 Burkina Faso (2006) 52 Malawi (2006) 50 Zambia (2006) 50 São Tomé & Principe (2006) 49 Tanzania (2004–2005) 46 Togo (2006) 46 Madagascar (2003-04) 39 Senegal (2005) 38 Central African Republic (2006) 36 Eritrea a (2002) 34 Uganda (2006) 34 Cameroon (2006) 32 Ghana (2006) 30 Côte d’Ivoire (2005) 27 Guinea (2005) 27 Djibouti (2006) 26 Kenya (2003) 22 Somalia (2006) 22 Sierra Leone (2005) 20 Zimbabwe (2005–2006) 20 Liberia (2005) 18 Rwanda (2005) 18 Burundi (2005) 13 Namibia a (2000) 13 Nigeria (2003) 12 Ethiopia (2005) 6 Sub-Saharan Africa average b 26 Roll Back Malaria (Abuja) target for 2005 Roll Back Malaria target for 2010 Household ownership of mosquito nets Percentage of households that own any type of net and insecticide-treated nets, sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–2006 Households with at least one insecticide-treated net Households with at least one mosquito net of any type Note: Some sub-Saharan African countries have a significant population share living in nonmalarious areas. National-level estimates may obscure higher coverage in endemic subnational areas targeted by programmes (see annex A). a. Data on availability of insecticide-treated net not available. b. Includes only countries with data for 2003–2006. Source: UNICEF global malaria database, based on 34 Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, Demographic and Health Surveys and Malaria Indicator Surveys for 2000–2006. Progress in the fight against malaria 0 20 40 60 80 100 and more than 18 million have been distributed in Ethiopia since its 2005 Demographic and Health Survey. 13 The next round of surveys in these countries is thus expected to show much higher coverage rates of key malaria control interventions.
16 UNICEF/HQ98-0923/Giacomo Pirozzi Population Services International/Courtesy of Photoshare 2 Figure 8 The majority of insecticide-treated nets owned by households in seven sub- Saharan African countries are long-lasting insecticidal nets Togo (2006) São Tomé & Principe (2006) Burkina Faso (2006) Ghana (2006) Central African Republic (2006) Somalia (2006) Sierra Leone (2005) 5 12 19 17 23 0 10 20 30 40 Percentage of households, 2005–2006 Source: UNICEF global malaria database, based on 7 Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys for 2005–2006. Household ownership of insecticide-treated nets Across sub- Saharan Africa about one-quarter (26 per cent) of households own at least one mosquito net of any type. 14 Many countries, particularly those with more recent data, have much higher coverage levels, for example, Guinea- Bissau (79 per cent in 2006), Congo (76 per cent in 2005) and Niger (69 per cent in 2006) (figure 7). The proportion of households across sub- Saharan Africa with at least one insecticidetreated net is lower, at 12 per cent. 15 Again, several countries have recently achieved much higher coverage rates, including The Gambia (50 per cent in 2006), Zambia (44 per cent in 2006), Guinea-Bissau (44 per cent in 2006), Niger (43 per cent in 2006) and Togo (40 per cent in 2006). Recent years have also seen more focus on distributing long-lasting insecticidal nets, a technological innovation in which the insecticide lasts for the expected life of the net and retreatment 36 40 Households with at least one long-lasting insecticidal net Households with at least one insecticidetreated net is not required. While survey data on household ownership of long-lasting insecticidal nets are limited, seven sub- Saharan African countries with recent survey data show that more than 80 per cent of nets in households that own at least one insecticide-treated net are long-lasting insecticidal nets (figure 8). Similarly high rates of long-lasting insecticidal net ownership would be expected in many other malaria-endemic countries if data were available. Countries with high proportions of households with untreated nets can consider implementing a mass treatment campaign, such as those conducted in Malawi and Zambia. In addition, the availability of any net, treated or untreated, indicates a propensity to use nets to avoid mosquito bites and is an opportunity to provide households with long-lasting insecticidal nets to ultimately replace their existing untreated nets. Children under age five sleeping under insecticide-treated nets Across sub- Saharan Africa 15 per cent of children sleep under any type of mosquito net, 16 with some countries showing much higher coverage rates, including Guinea-Bissau (73 per cent in 2006), Congo (68 per cent in 2005), The Gambia (63 per cent in 2006) and São Tomé and Principe (53 per cent in 2006) (figure 9). Several countries with low household use of insecticide-treated nets have a large proportion of their population living in non-malarious areas. National-level estimates as presented in this report may therefore obscure higher coverage levels in endemic subnational areas targeted by national malaria control programmes (see annex A). The proportion of children across sub- Saharan Africa sleeping under insecticide-treated nets is 8 per cent. However, the regional average for sub- Saharan Africa is driven in part by a few populous countries with low insecticide-treated net coverage, such as Ethiopia, Kenya and Nigeria. Again, the data presented need to be viewed
Page 1 and 2: Malaria & children Progress in inte
Page 3 and 4: Copyright © 2007 by the United Nat
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgements This report was pr
Page 8 and 9: 1 Executive summary An estimated 3
Page 10: 3 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Figure 2 Globa
Page 13 and 14: 6 Bonnie Gillespie/Voices for a Mal
Page 15 and 16: 8 Background on malaria Where is th
Page 18 and 19: 11 Progress in the fight against ma
Page 20 and 21: Large increases in funding and atte
Page 24 and 25: Although data are limited, more tha
Page 26 and 27: Rapid gains have been made in insec
Page 28 and 29: Since 2003 nearly all sub- Saharan
Page 30 and 31: Many countries still treat a large
Page 32 and 33: Since around 2005 both production o
Page 34 and 35: Coverage of intermittent preventive
Page 36 and 37: Countries are now accelerating thei
Page 38 and 39: New medicines are urgently needed t
Page 40: 33 2000 2006 Figure 3 Togo has seen
Page 43 and 44: 36 2005 Alfredo L. Fort/Courtesy of
Page 45 and 46: 38 M. Hallahan/Sumitomo Chemical-Ol
Page 47 and 48: 40 Malaria intervention coverage da
Page 49 and 50: 42 spraying rather than insecticide
Page 51 and 52: 44 Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Sal
Page 53 and 54: 46 26. Gazsi 2007. 27. Novartis Int
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Page 57 and 58: Contents Statistical annex Statisti
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66 Statistical table 8 Children wit
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68 Statistical table 9 Pregnant wom
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This report assesses progress in ma
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Malaria and children: Progress in intervention coverage - Unicef

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