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Chapter 1<br />

First generation 1792 - 1813<br />

In 1845, <strong>the</strong> great Potato Famine began in Ireland. In <strong>the</strong> following year outbreaks <strong>of</strong><br />

potato blight (Phytoph<strong>the</strong>ra infestans) spread right across Ireland, almost completely<br />

destroying <strong>the</strong> potato harvest, depriving <strong>the</strong> majority <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> population <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir staple<br />

diet. The ease by which potatoes could be cultivated to yield a nutritious food had<br />

resulted in a considerable increase in <strong>the</strong> population <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> country since introduction<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> vegetable, and <strong>the</strong> 1841 census <strong>of</strong> Ireland showed an enumerated population <strong>of</strong><br />

over eight million. And this was reckoned as 25% underestimation. See Figure 1.1.<br />

The effect <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> famine was particularly great in <strong>the</strong> West <strong>of</strong> Ireland but <strong>the</strong> economy<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> whole country was seriously affected. The British Government made some<br />

moves to assist in <strong>the</strong> situation, but help from England was minimal, <strong>the</strong> principal<br />

support <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> starving people being Poor Law Rates levied largely on bankrupt Irish<br />

landlords.<br />

Although in 1847 <strong>the</strong> blight was less severe than during <strong>the</strong> previous year, 1848<br />

was a repeat <strong>of</strong> 1846. With <strong>the</strong> realization by many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> population that to stay in<br />

Ireland was to court death by starvation and disease, emigration increased. Even in<br />

1846, sixty eight thousand people were estimated to have left <strong>the</strong> country and many<br />

hundreds <strong>of</strong> thousands emigrated over <strong>the</strong> next few years. A map <strong>of</strong> Ireland from <strong>the</strong><br />

early 1850’s, indicating <strong>the</strong> regions and towns associated with <strong>the</strong> Belcher <strong>family</strong> can<br />

be seen in Figure 1.2 and Figure 1.3.<br />

James Belcher and Mary Belcher née Quinn<br />

James Belcher was born in Waterford County, Ireland, possibly in <strong>the</strong> city <strong>of</strong> Waterford<br />

itself, about 1792. His age when he died in Melbourne on 22 April 1862 was<br />

given as 70 on his death certificate. See Appendix B - Registrar certificates.<br />

James became a cabinet-maker (Marriage certificate <strong>of</strong> his son, John Belcher and<br />

Eliza Fleming, Colpe, Meath, Ireland, 1 11 1847, and <strong>of</strong> his daughter Sarah and<br />

Charles Cupit in Melbourne in 1857)).<br />

At some time and place in Ireland, possibly at Mount Rath in County Laoise<br />

(Queen’s County), James married Mary Quinn. James had at least three daughters<br />

1

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