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5. The atmosphere as well as the ocean is categorized by the physical properties in the<br />
different altitude or depth layers, respectively. Explain why the temperature in the<br />
mixed layer of oceans is constant and why the temperature in the lower Stratosphere<br />
(Tropopause) remains constant. What is the underlying physical process responsible for<br />
this effect?<br />
The temperature in the mixed layer of the ocean is de<strong>term</strong>ined by convection between<br />
surface water and water in the deeper layers of the layer. This warrants rapid heat<br />
exchange and equilibrates the temperature across the layer. The temperature in the<br />
lower stratosphere layer (or Tropopause) is constant because the absorbed energy flux<br />
from the thermal radiation of earth surface is balance by the emitted radiation flux .<br />
6. Name three aerosols which affect the climate conditions or earth and explain the origin<br />
and the impact of these aerosols in the atmosphere.<br />
SO 2 volcanic or industrial origin, accumulates as aerosol in stratosphere reflecting solar<br />
radiation and reduces such the heating of atmosphere<br />
Carbon results from biomass burning and industrial production, CO 2 absorbs thermal<br />
radiation from earth, causing greenhouse effect<br />
Dust, water vapor reduces incoming solar flux and eventually affects the albedo and the<br />
reflection of incoming solar energy flux
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