Common Agricultural Policy - UK Food Group

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The Common Agricultural Policy 10 Beef and veal There has been an excess of supply over domestic consumption for many years and strong reliance on export subsidies eg for exports to the Russian Federation and the Middle East. In 1998 total EU beef and veal production was down by 3.4 per cent but still accounted for about 14 per cent of world production. The per capita consumption of beef and veal in the EU fell in 1996 with the BSE outbreak and subsequently exports have been substantially affected (fig 1.8). Pigmeat In 1998 the world’s leading producer of pigmeat was China with output totaling 36.9 million tonnes, followed by the EU with 17.6 million tonnes, which was an 8.2 per cent increase on 1997. Production has been increasing in recent years and consumption has not declined due to food scares, as it has for beef. There is some production surplus but several EU countries, including Denmark are competitive exporters. The level of CAP subsidy in the sector is very low. The most important destinations for EU export in 1998 were Russia (335,000 tonnes), Japan (175,000 tonnes) and Hong Kong/China (145,000 tonnes). In 1998 35 per cent of exports qualified for export refunds due to depressed world prices relative to the EU but this varies – in 1997 for example the figure was only 18 per cent (fig 1.9). Sheepmeat and goatmeat Production of sheepmeat in the EU is heavily concentrated in a few Member States, notably the UK, Ireland, Spain, Greece and France. EU production has been steady or slightly declining through the 1990s mainly due to declines in flocks in certain Member States, particularly France. Most trade in sheepmeat is between the EU countries (including exports from the UK and Ireland) but there are significant imports from outside the EU, mainly from New Zealand. These imports traditionally complement the seasonality of lamb production in filling a gap in the market when EU lamb is less readily available. Exports are negligible (fig 2.0). After China the EU is the world’s second largest producer of sheepmeat and goatmeat. The EU is also the second largest consumer after China. EU imports are carried out under WTO tariff-free or reduced-tariff quotas together with additional quantities provided in specific trade agreements. New Zealand is the world’s main exporter and is generally close to its EU tariff-free import quota of 226,700 tonnes. Australia is the second largest exporter to the EU but at a much smaller level of around 19,000 tonnes. There are major imports of several other commodities, including: 7 •Proteins and animal feed •Tropical produce •Fruit and vegetables.
The Common Agricultural Policy 11 (1) Total trade, with the exception of live animals. (2) All trade, including live animals (figures are based on imports). (3) Carcass weight. Source: Commission of the European Communities (2001c). fig 1.8 Supply balance – Beef/veal (1,000t (3) ) Beef/veal EU-15 1995 1996 1997 1998 Net production 7,964 7,950 7,889 7,624 Imports (1) 377 364 392 353 Exports (1) 1,006 965 971 694 Intra-EU trade (2) 1,974 1,671 1,811 1,832 Internal use (total) 7,480 6,934 7,114 7,398 Gross consumption (kg/head/year) 20.1 18.6 19.0 19.7 Self-sufficiency (per cent) 108.5 116.2 111.5 103.6 (1) carcass weight. Source: Commission of the European Communities (2001c). fig 1.9 Supply balance – pigmeat (1,000t (1) ) Pigmeat EU-15 1995 1996 1997 1998 Net production 16,088 16,384 16,279 17,584 Imports 83 95 62 44 Exports 772 861 949 1,034 Intra-EU trade 3,324 3,376 3,574 4,068 Internal use (total) 15,191 15,484 15,175 16,501 Gross consumption (kg/head/year) 41.0 41.7 40.8 44.0 Self-sufficiency (per cent) 106.0 105.7 107.3 106.6 (1) carcass weight - All trade with the exception of live animals. (2) All trade in carcass weight, with the exception of live animals (figures based on imports). Source: Commission of the European Communities (2001c). fig 2.0 Supply balance – sheepmeat and goatmeat (1,000t) Sheepmeat and goatmeat EU-15 1995 1996 1997 1998 Net production 1,180 1,172 1,130 1,153 Imports (1) 238 255 257 256 Exports (1) 6 8 3 3 Intra-EU trade (2) 225 244 214 214 Internal use (total) 1,412 1,419 1,383 1,406 Gross consumption (kg/head/year) 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.8 Self-sufficiency (per cent) 82.4 81.7 80.8 81.2
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Common Agricultural Policy - UK Food Group

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