Water Handling Equipment Guide - National Wildfire Coordinating ...

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WATER DELIVERY COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES Fittings and Connections r. Siamese gated wye valve s. Siamese wye Type: Two swivel inlets, ball gate valve branch inlets with handles. Threads: Two female inlets, male outlet, threads as specified. Size: 12-inch and 22-inch inlets and outlets same size as specified. Available: Fire equipment suppliers (see appendix G). Type: Two swivel inlets, single outlet. Threads: Two female inlets, male outlet, threads as specified. Size: 12-inch and 22-inch inlets and outlets same size as specified. Available: Fire equipment suppliers (see appendix G). 165
WATER DELIVERY COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES Nozzles F. Nozzles 1. General There are many varieties of fire hose nozzles available to the firefighter. The municipal types, which apply large volumes of water, are not often practical in wildland fire situations. The shortage of water precludes any excessive usage. Nozzles are designed to do a variety of tasks. The types of nozzles found most often for wildland fires are the adjustable combination barrel, plain, twin, or multiple tips. 2. Design criteria The following design or selection criteria have evolved from many years of wildland fire practices and numerous detailed studies. a. Rate of application Normally, flow is limited to 30 gpm for w- and 1-inch lines and 100 gpm for the 12- inch lines. b. Application characteristics Combination nozzles that provide both straight stream and spray patterns are required. Good pattern—Nozzles that produce solid cone patterns are highly desirable. Less desirable nozzles have distinct hollow cones, voids, and flat, fan-shaped patterns. Some sprays look like the ribs of an umbrella as water is projected in jet streams. While combination features are desirable, some nozzles show a wide range of discharge flows, increasing with the spray cone angle. These latter patterns are a potential waste of water. <strong>Water</strong> droplet size—Fine sprays offer better cooling and more protection to the nozzle person from excessive fire temperatures. <strong>Water</strong> droplets should be in the 0.14- to 0.39-inch size range to be most effective. Nozzles should produce uniform droplet size over a wide range of pressures. c. Nozzle pressure The operating range for the nozzles presented in this section are described for a 100-psi nozzle discharge pressure. Flow is reduced to about 70 percent when the nozzle pressure is reduced from 100 to 50 psi. d. Control valves Nozzle shutdown, flow, and pattern variations are controlled on ball valve types by a one-quarter-turn lever or handle, or tip selection. Shutdown and patterns from straight stream to fog on other nozzles are controlled by rotating the body of the nozzle from shutoff through fog to straight stream. The best of these nozzles are marked, indexed, or referenced to allow efficient operation by inexperienced firefighters. e. Tips If flows and patterns are varied by exchanging tips, the tips will be provided with w-inch GH threads and meet the requirements of USDA Forest Service Specification 5100-244d. Standard spray tips are available from 3 to 24 gal/min. Numerous adjustable nozzles go to much higher flow rates. Ability to vary the spray is important. Variable straight streams are required for the full range of working pressures. Straight stream tips range from 8 to a inch. f. Clogging Since water delivery equipment picks up water in open sources at the nearest water chance, foreign matter and silt are often a problem; thus, spray nozzles should be equipped with adequate screens that can be easily removed and serviced. g. Base-inlet All 1-inch nozzles are provided with 1-inch 112 NPSH threads. All 12-inch nozzles are provided with 12 inch 9 NH threads. Rocker lugs or a knurled base are required on all nozzles. 166
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C O O RDINATING G R O U P A Publica
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Water Handling Equipment Guide Fift
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Water Handling Equipment Guide Fift
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CONTENTS IV. APPENDIXES A. Nozzle F
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WATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT Pumps Note:
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WATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT Pumps—Min
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WATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT Pumps—Min
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WATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT Pumps —Re
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WATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT Fire Engine
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WATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT Fire Engine
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WATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT Engine Data
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WATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT Water tende
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WATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT Water Tende
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WATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT Nonhighway
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WATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT Trailer-Mou
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Page 186: APPENDIXES A—Nozzle Flow Rates Fl
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APPENDIXES F—Metric System Equiva
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APPENDIXES G—Suppliers This secti
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APPENDIXES G—Suppliers General Su
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APPENDIXES G—Suppliers J&J Acquis
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APPENDIXES H—Acronyms and Abbrevi
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APPENDIX I
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APPENDIXES I—Definitions Dacron
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APPENDIXES I—Definitions Oven agi
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APPENDIX J
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APPENDIXES J—Mobile Equipment Inp
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