Third and Fourth Periodic Report on CRC - Unicef

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<strong>Third</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Fourth</strong> <strong>Periodic</strong> <strong>Report</strong> There have been various interventions that helped in reduction of mortality rates. Access to vaccination is foremost among them. The BCG coverage was as high as 96 percent in 2003 which went up to 98 percent in 2006. The access to immunization in Bangladesh is very high as seen from the Table below. The rate of measles vaccination was 69 percent in 2003 which went up to 78 percent in 2006. However, it is recognized that the percentage of fully immunized children needs to increase further. National Immunization Day (NID) is being observed for many years very successfully <strong>and</strong> there was not a single case of confirmed polio in the country between 2001 <strong>and</strong> 2005. However, several polio cases were detected in 2006 <strong>and</strong> NIDs have been strengthened. To reduce neonatal deaths due to tetanus, supplementary activities have been carried out. As a result, 86 percent of new-borns are protected at birth against neonatal tetanus. The Government has also introduced from 2003 Hepatitis B vaccination into routine EPI, which has been exp<strong>and</strong>ed to all districts from 2005. The following table shows the rate of vaccinations in the country. Table 6.3: Vaccinations by Background Characteristics in Bangladesh, 2004 (in percent) Background Characteristics BCG DPT 1 DPT 2 DPT 3 Polio Polio 1 Polio 2 Polio 3 Measles All Vacc. No Vacc. Sex Male 93.4 93.3 88.0 81.2 1.5 97.6 89.1 82.6 75.6 73.4 2.4 Female 93.4 92.9 86.4 80.8 2.3 95.4 87.6 82.0 75.7 72.8 4.1 Residence Urban 94.2 93.4 90.0 85.7 3.6 96.6 90.8 85.8 82.8 80.9 2.8 Rural 93.2 93.0 86.5 79.8 1.5 96.4 87.7 81.4 73.9 71.1 3.5 Mother's No 89.0 88.6 79.0 69.2 0.9 94.4 80.1 70.2 62.3 60.3 5.0 Education Education Primary 94.0 93.4 87.3 81.2 0.6 98.3 88.6 83.2 76.3 72.5 1.7 incomplete Primary 95.4 95.4 90.6 86.5 2.7 95.6 92.3 87.2 81.1 80.3 4.4 complete Secondary 96.3 96.1 93.3 89.8 2.6 97.2 94.5 90.8 85.4 82.2 2.8 incomplete Secondary 98.8 98.8 98.6 96.8 6.6 98.8 98.8 98.6 94.2 92.2 1.2 complete or higher Total 93.4 93.1 87.2 81.0 1.9 96.5 88.4 82.3 75.7 73.1 3.3 Source: "Bangladesh Demographic <strong>and</strong> Health Survey 2004" Despite these achievements, it is estimated that approximately 1.5 million children remain unprotected with drop out rates between 20 <strong>and</strong> 30 percent. The difference of vaccination likelihood between urban <strong>and</strong> rural born children is almost 10%, which may be due to higher accessibility <strong>and</strong> exposure to healthcare facilities in urban areas. The most striking difference is that when comparing mothers with no education to mothers with secondary or higher education. Even an incomplete primary education can lead to a 12 percent increase of complete vaccination of the offspring, peaking at a 32 percent increase when the mother has secondary or higher education. To strengthen routine immunisation, district <strong>and</strong> Upazila micro-plans in line with Reaching Every District (RED) approaches <strong>and</strong> tools were jointly developed with WHO <strong>and</strong> UNICEF. In addition to extensive training, improvement of cold chain <strong>and</strong> logistics management has also been brought in. 60
Convention on the Rights of the Child 6.5 Social security <strong>and</strong> childcare services <strong>and</strong> facilities Traditionally, the family <strong>and</strong> social bondage in Bangladesh is very strong. However, institutionalized social security system is weak. The MoSW provides accommodation <strong>and</strong> some skill training to a limited number of orphaned, ab<strong>and</strong>oned <strong>and</strong> destitute children. The State Party has been pursuing a number of Safety Net Programmes (SNPs). The major ones are: Old age Allowance Scheme Allowances for the Distressed <strong>and</strong> Disabled Persons Allowances for Widowed <strong>and</strong> Distressed Women Rural Maintenance Programme (now closed) Vulnerable Group Development Programme Rural Infrastructure Development Programme Food/Cash for Education Primary Stipend Programme Female Secondary Stipend Programme Quantity Rationing Pilot Project of Maternity Allowance for the Poor Lactating Mothers Other programmes (mostly tagged with training, self employment generation <strong>and</strong> micro credit) The target groups under the SNPs are generally the poor, marginalized <strong>and</strong> socially disadvantaged people, but within them there is wide range of variations. Under Maternity Allowance for the Poor Lactating Mothers Pilot Project, the expecting 45,000 poor mothers are getting an allowance of Taka 300 per month. This is expected to ensure safe motherhood, <strong>and</strong> better health <strong>and</strong> nutrition of hard core poor mothers as well as safe birth <strong>and</strong> sound upbringing of infants. A number of NGOs have begun experimenting with community health insurance scheme that represents a means for extending social protection. The State Party is considering, inter alia, introducing voucher system aiming at providing <strong>and</strong> ensuring health care services at an affordable cost. Such endeavours (scheme/insurance system) can also provide a means of protecting households from catastrophic (high cost) illness. The subsistence allowance is provided to the children in Orphanages <strong>and</strong> shelter homes (Shishu Sadan, Shishu Paribar, Chotomoni Nibash etc). Day-care facilities for the children of working mothers, still available only on a small scale, are increasing. 6.6 St<strong>and</strong>ard of living Article 15 of the Constitution acknowledges the State’s fundamental responsibility to ‘attain a steady improvement in the material <strong>and</strong> cultural st<strong>and</strong>ard of living of the people’ in order to secure the provision of the basic necessities of life, including food, clothing <strong>and</strong> shelter. The Government <strong>and</strong> NGOs work side-by-side to support the total development of children in Bangladesh. Efforts to improve the nutritional status of children form part of the Government’s health programme <strong>and</strong> specially targeted interventions (such as the National Nutrition Programme). Poverty alleviation programmes 61
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Third and Fourth Periodic Report on CRC - Unicef

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