Migration Processes in Central and Eastern Europe - Multiple Choices

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——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Normative and Methodological Discussion of Migration and Integration ——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— •• Smith, M.P. (2001). Transnational urbanism: Locating globalization. Oxford: Blackwell. •• Teitelbaum, M. & M. Weiner (Eds.) (1995). Threatened borders: World migration and United States policy. New York: W.W Norton and Company. •• Tomei, V. (2001). Europäisierung nationaler Migrationspolitik. Eine Studie zur Veränderung von Regieren in Europa. Stuttgart: Lucius & Lucius. •• Ucarer, E. (2001). Managing asylum and European integration: Expanding spheres of exclusion? International Studies Perspectives, 288-304. •• Van Der Klauw, J. (2001). Towards a common asylum procedure. In E. Guild & C. Harlow (Eds.), Implementing Amsterdam: Immigration and asylum rights in EC law. Oxford: Hart Publishing. •• Verlinden, A. (2005). On the normative content of EU-asylum and migration policies and on some differing value-based principles. Paper presented at the 3rd Annual Forced Migration Student Conference, Oxford Brookes University. Accessible at http://www.brookes.ac.uk/schools/ planning/dfm/FMSC/! •• Weiner, M. (1993). Security, stability and international migration. In M. Weiner (Ed.), International Migration and Security. San Francisco: Westview Press. 77 Migration Processes in Central and Eastern Europe: Unpacking the Diversity
——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Normative and Methodological Discussion of Migration and Integration ——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— 78 ———————————————————————— Foreigners in the Light of Research: Analysing Selected Studies about Foreigners in the Czech Republic 1 ————————————————————————————— Petra Klvačová Aresearcher can do many things in regards to foreigners: make their voice louder, present their way of life, explore and explain similarities and differences, compare their culture and lives with that of the host society and reproduce their experiences and opinions. This is especially important when the “voice of foreigners” is disregarded within mainstream society. This has been proven to be the case by, for example, the conclusions of analyses focused on the media coverage of foreigners (Klvačová and Bitrich, 2003). In this paper, I will try to show that lucidity is extremely important in the efforts of researchers who study foreigners. It must be made clear how they reach their conclusions and which sources of information and analytical methods they use to back their assertions. I will also try to illustrate the possible causes of the problem of the “invisible researcher”. This short paper wishes to gain insight into the state of qualitative research on migrants in the Czech Republic, however, it does not intend to give a complete picture rather it focuses on deficiencies in selected texts. STUDIES SUBJECTED TO ANALYSIS For this paper, I analysed ten studies dealing with foreigners. All of the studies are at least partially based on ethnographic research – the study of a selected community utilising non-standardised interviews and participant observation. The analysed texts appeared in Integration of Foreigners, an extensive anthology commissioned by the Czech government 2 (Uherek, 2003c). When analysing the texts, I focused on a number of features. I was interested in the methodological approaches applied by researchers to answer the chosen research questions. In addition, I was interested in the ways in which the authors presented their findings and in the degree to which the voice of the subjects of the research (i.e. foreigners) could be 'heard' in the findings. I also evaluated the persuasiveness and/or credibility of the authors' conclusions. METHODOLOGY All of the analysed texts are based on field research, which means that the respective authors met with members of the selected groups, observed and interviewed them. However, the texts do not clarify the nature of the interaction between the researcher and the respondents. The way(s) that the interviews were conducted and recorded, and how the respondents reacted to questions are not made clear. Readers are not made aware of what the researcher's relationship is to the examined environment, how the researcher penetrated the environment, or how he or she gained trust, etc. Above all, readers have no idea about the methods used by the authors to analyse and interpret the data. The texts simply lack description of and reflection on the methodological approach that was implemented. The individual texts differ from one another in this respect, some offer limited insight but others are completely devoid of a section explaining the methodology or at least the data collection and analysis techniques that were implemented (Otčenášek, 2003a, b and c). In these cases, we may only infer that they are based on field research because the word “respondent” appears in the text several times or because the appendix contains a table with statistical data about the respondents. The text dealing with migrants from Bosnia and Herzegovina (Uherek, 2003a) employs a mere footnote at the end to let us know that the author collected empirical data on research trips between 1996 and 2001. Other studies contain only the briefest description of methodology. The following is an explanation of methodology in a study about the integration of Arabs in selected Czech cities: The research has been conducted using unstructured interviews, mostly in Prague but also in Plzeň and Liberec. The respondents were chiefly males aged twenty-seven to forty, with twenty percent of the respondents being aged between fifty and sixty. The majority came from Iraq and Syria, while the minority were from Palestine, Yemen, Libya and Egypt. Just two people (a married couple) had a secondary school degree, while the rest were university graduates or students. The interviews were conducted in Czech, it being the case that all of the respondents speak it very well (Hošková, 2003, author's translation). Migration Processes in Central and Eastern Europe: Unpacking the Diversity
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Editors Alice Szczepaniková, Marek
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Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 06 INTROD
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