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Sentence Relations in the Writing of EFL Students at University Level

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Table-10-<br />

The Classific<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>of</strong> Incorrect and Correct Use <strong>of</strong> Reiter<strong>at</strong>ion<br />

Types <strong>of</strong> Incorrect Percentage Correct Percentage <strong>of</strong><br />

Reiter<strong>at</strong>ion<br />

<strong>of</strong> Incorrect<br />

Correct<br />

Same word 72 % 88.88 230 % 89.14<br />

(repetition)<br />

Synonym - 4 %1.55<br />

Antonym - 6 %2.32<br />

Superord<strong>in</strong><strong>at</strong>e - 18 %6.97<br />

General word 9 % 11.11 -<br />

Total 81 %100 258 %100<br />

7.2 Interpret<strong>at</strong>ions <strong>of</strong> Errors<br />

The major reasons <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rel<strong>at</strong>ively high number <strong>of</strong> errors <strong>in</strong> English<br />

cohesive devices may be due to <strong>the</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>g po<strong>in</strong>ts:<br />

1. Intral<strong>in</strong>gual transfer and common learn<strong>in</strong>g str<strong>at</strong>egies like<br />

overgeneraliz<strong>at</strong>ion and simplific<strong>at</strong>ion were found to account<br />

for <strong>the</strong> majority <strong>of</strong> learners’ errors. The dom<strong>in</strong>ant p<strong>at</strong>terns <strong>of</strong><br />

developmental errors <strong>in</strong> cohesion <strong>in</strong>volved <strong>in</strong>accur<strong>at</strong>e<br />

reference across <strong>the</strong> language background groups: unclear<br />

reference and misuse <strong>of</strong> conjunction, ellipsis and<br />

substitution.<br />

13. A football game is always excit<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

Nowadays you w<strong>at</strong>ch TV to see <strong>the</strong> m<strong>at</strong>ch between two teams<br />

.We see it has excitement and dram<strong>at</strong>ic. When he encourages<br />

his country or his team.<br />

14. Early marriage cre<strong>at</strong>es problems for parents and<br />

children. Unfortun<strong>at</strong>ely we have this <strong>in</strong> our society and most <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> time it caused to divorce. Because before marriage <strong>the</strong>y do<br />

not th<strong>in</strong>k about so many th<strong>in</strong>gs. They decided by <strong>the</strong>ir feel<strong>in</strong>g<br />

and this marriage will fail.<br />

15. The purpose <strong>of</strong> college educ<strong>at</strong>ion is to ……. .<br />

The students must be clever and active students. But<br />

unfortun<strong>at</strong>ely students <strong>at</strong> our college and o<strong>the</strong>r colleges<br />

are passive one.<br />

2. Overgeneraliz<strong>at</strong>ion i.e. <strong>the</strong> irregularity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> English Language<br />

makes <strong>the</strong> students overgeneralise <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> pronouns <strong>in</strong> number and<br />

gender. Most errors occur when <strong>the</strong> antecedent is s<strong>in</strong>gular and <strong>the</strong><br />

pronoun referr<strong>in</strong>g to it is plural, or vice versa.<br />

16. A football game is always excit<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

When world cup <strong>in</strong> 2006 held <strong>in</strong> German. It shows wh<strong>at</strong> k<strong>in</strong>d<br />

<strong>of</strong> spirit when everyone encourage his country seriously.<br />

They are discovered th<strong>at</strong> football leads to peace between a<br />

lot <strong>of</strong> country or n<strong>at</strong>ions.<br />

4. Ano<strong>the</strong>r reason <strong>of</strong> errors is faulty teach<strong>in</strong>g m<strong>at</strong>erial or techniques.<br />

Sometimes textbooks or syllabuses are set <strong>in</strong> a way th<strong>at</strong> does not<br />

meet <strong>the</strong> actual needs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> students. This will result <strong>in</strong> an<br />

<strong>in</strong>adequ<strong>at</strong>e knowledge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> foreign Language lead<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong><br />

@@@@@@@@@@@Journal <strong>of</strong> Zankoy Sulaimani. Part B. No. 29 June 2010@ 222@

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