Lectures on species interactions and competition

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Three types of competitive interactions 1. Direct interference competition: Species actually confront each other (e.g., strangler figs, allelopathy in plants). 2. Exploitation competition: Species have a negative impact on each other through competition for resources (e.g. competition for light, water, or nutrients). 3. Apparent competition: Species have a net negative impact on one another, but this is indirectly mediated through a third species. (e.g., if two species are affected by a herbivore, increasing plant species A may increase the herbivore population, with a greater net negative effect on species B. Thus, increasing A may lead to a decline in B with no direct interaction between them.
Ways to study competition • Analysis of the results of competition: – Studies of pattern and diversity of species. – Example: How does the the presence of Species A affect the pattern and abundance of Species B? – Use plant community studies. • Analysis of the mechanisms of competition: – Studies of resource acquisition and use. – Example: How does the presence of Species A affect the growth or water uptake of Species B? – Use plant physiology and autecological studies.
Page 1 and 2: This weeks schedule Mon, Wed: <stro
Page 3 and 4: Introduction • Individuals and po
Page 5 and 6: Pairwise interactions • Competiti
Page 7: Competition • Since plants requir
Page 11 and 12: Gause s (1934) competitive exclusio
Page 13 and 14: Intraspecific (within species) comp
Page 15 and 16: Zero Net Growth Isocline diagrams (
Page 17 and 18: Situation where the isoclines cross
Page 19 and 20: Replacement series experiments (De
Page 21 and 22: Fisher et al. (2002) Experiments Ex
Page 23 and 24: Fischer et al. (2002) Results • U
Page 25 and 26: Replacement series (De Wit 1960) (a
Page 27 and 28: Competition experiments: Targetneig
Page 29 and 30: Competition experiments: Examinatio
Page 31 and 32: Competition for light and soil mois
Page 33 and 34: Nutrient flux gradients (Huston and
Page 35 and 36: Resource competition: Effect of com
Page 37 and 38: Tilman s resource-ratio model (1982
Page 39 and 40: Tilman s resource-ratio model (1982
Page 41 and 42: Implications of Resource-ratio hypo
Page 43 and 44: Reconciling the theories of Grime a
Page 45 and 46: Amensalism Interaction which depres
Page 47 and 48: Allelopathy: Salvia leucophylla-gra
Page 49 and 50: Other ways plants change their envi
Page 51 and 52: Summary • Major types of competit

Lectures on species interactions and competition

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