The early evolution of animals

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Animal evolution INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES: • Describe the key factors involved in causing the early evolution of animal life. • Distinguish between the various types of evidence for the oldest animals. • Explain the stem and crown group concept and apply it to enigmatic fossils in the Cambrian Explosion.
The origin and evolution of animals What are the animals? 1. Classification and relationships between animal groups 2. Invertebrate body plans What are the earliest animals? 3. Evidence for the earliest metazoans What is the timing of early animal evolution? 4. Precambrian-Cambrian animals 5. Cambrian Explosion 6. Ordovician Radiation
Page 1: The early evolution of animals Live
Page 5: Metazoa “Porifera” Cnidarians E
Page 8 and 9: Animalia • Eukaryotic and multice
Page 10 and 11: Sponge with choanocytes Choanoflage
Page 13 and 14: Animal body plans Group Grade Symme
Page 15: Bilaterians • Divided into Protos
Page 20 and 21: Stem and Crown groups • crown gro
Page 22 and 23: Stems and crowns
Page 24 and 25: The origin and evolution of animals
Page 27 and 28: The old camps •Animals evolve ear
Page 29 and 30: The earliest metazoans • 5 lines
Page 32 and 33: Metazoan evidence 1: Body Fossils E
Page 34 and 35: The controversy • Older views (e.
Page 36 and 37: Molluscs?? Conway Morris & Caron 20
Page 38 and 39: Metazoan evidence 2: Trace Fossils
Page 40 and 41: Metazoan evidence 2: Trace Fossils
Page 42 and 43: Yin et al. 2007 Nature 446
Page 44 and 45: Metazoan evidence 3: Fossil Embryos
Page 46 and 47: Metazoan evidence 3: Fossil Embryos
Page 48 and 49: Bilaterian origins
Page 50 and 51: Metazoan evidence 5: Biomarkers •
Page 52:
Metazoan evidence 5: Biomarkers •
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The origin and evolution of animals
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Namacalathus
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Small Shelly Fossils • Precambria
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Cloudina and Namacalathus from the
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Small shelly fossils Halkieria: fro
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The origin and evolution of animals
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What caused the Cambrian explosion?
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Glaciations
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Possible importance of oxygen 1. Bi
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Keeling et al 2005, TREE 20
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Oxygen physiology: aerobic vs anaer
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Tielens et al. 2002, Trends in Bioc
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Not all animals are aerobic sprinte
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What controls O2 levels? 1. Oxidati
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Sulfur isotopes in the Proterozoic
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Bursting the oxygen bubble? •Anim
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• Biomineralization (crystalline
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Hard parts • Different types: 1.
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End-Ediacaran Extinction • Mass e
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Increased planktonics • Plankton
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Cambrian fossil lagerstätten • O
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Burgess Shale • Rocky Mountains,
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Maotinashian Shale • “Chengjian
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Sirus Passet • Greenland • Prob
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The Cambrian explosion • Explosio
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Cambrian Explosion ”weird wonders
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Stems and crowns
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Anomalocaridids • One of the larg
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Arthropod evolution and Hurdia
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After the Cambrian Explosion
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Ordovicium • Sea level extremely
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What is the timing of early animal
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The early evolution of animals

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