The early evolution of animals

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The Cambrian explosion • Explosion of fossils OR • An explosion of animals??
The earliest metazoans • 5 lines of evidence for earliest metazoans – Body fossils – Trace fossils – Fossil embryos – Molecular clock – Biomarkers
Page 1 and 2: The early evolution of animals Live
Page 3 and 4: The origin and evolution of animals
Page 5: Metazoa “Porifera” Cnidarians E
Page 8 and 9: Animalia • Eukaryotic and multice
Page 10 and 11: Sponge with choanocytes Choanoflage
Page 13 and 14: Animal body plans Group Grade Symme
Page 15: Bilaterians • Divided into Protos
Page 20 and 21: Stem and Crown groups • crown gro
Page 22 and 23: Stems and crowns
Page 27: The old camps •Animals evolve ear
Page 32 and 33: Metazoan evidence 1: Body Fossils E
Page 34 and 35: The controversy • Older views (e.
Page 36 and 37: Molluscs?? Conway Morris & Caron 20
Page 38 and 39: Metazoan evidence 2: Trace Fossils
Page 40 and 41: Metazoan evidence 2: Trace Fossils
Page 42 and 43: Yin et al. 2007 Nature 446
Page 44 and 45: Metazoan evidence 3: Fossil Embryos
Page 46 and 47: Metazoan evidence 3: Fossil Embryos
Page 48 and 49: Bilaterian origins
Page 50 and 51: Metazoan evidence 5: Biomarkers •
Page 52: Metazoan evidence 5: Biomarkers •
Page 57 and 58: Namacalathus
Page 59 and 60: Small Shelly Fossils • Precambria
Page 61 and 62: Cloudina and Namacalathus from the
Page 63 and 64: Small shelly fossils Halkieria: fro
Page 68 and 69: What caused the Cambrian explosion?
Page 71: Glaciations
Page 77 and 78: Possible importance of oxygen 1. Bi
Page 79 and 80:
Keeling et al 2005, TREE 20
Page 81:
Oxygen physiology: aerobic vs anaer
Page 84 and 85:
Tielens et al. 2002, Trends in Bioc
Page 86 and 87:
Not all animals are aerobic sprinte
Page 88 and 89:
What controls O2 levels? 1. Oxidati
Page 90 and 91:
Sulfur isotopes in the Proterozoic
Page 92 and 93:
Bursting the oxygen bubble? •Anim
Page 94 and 95:
• Biomineralization (crystalline
Page 96 and 97:
Hard parts • Different types: 1.
Page 98 and 99:
End-Ediacaran Extinction • Mass e
Page 100 and 101:
Increased planktonics • Plankton
Page 103 and 104:
Cambrian fossil lagerstätten • O
Page 105 and 106:
Burgess Shale • Rocky Mountains,
Page 108 and 109:
Maotinashian Shale • “Chengjian
Page 110 and 111:
Sirus Passet • Greenland • Prob
Page 113 and 114:
The Cambrian explosion • Explosio
Page 115:
Cambrian Explosion ”weird wonders
Page 118:
Stems and crowns
Page 122 and 123:
Anomalocaridids • One of the larg
Page 124 and 125:
Arthropod evolution and Hurdia
Page 126 and 127:
After the Cambrian Explosion
Page 128:
Ordovicium • Sea level extremely
Page 131:
What is the timing of early animal
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The early evolution of animals

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