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Theme 1: Country Reports and geo-referenced Landsat imagery and Topographic maps(1:50,000 scale)[5][7].The colou r composite image (Fig-1) is prepared and enhanced to make features prominent and visible. This image is used for preliminary interpretation and field data collection. The significance of the difference vegetation indices including NDVI has been described by Kathu and Thomas (1976), Jackson (1983), Perry and Lautenschlagar (1984), Ducan et al.(1993) and many other authors. (Choudhury et al., 1999). 29
Theme 1: Country Reports Pakistan: A Satellite based Food Security Alert System Dr Muhammad Hanif, Abdul Ghafoor and Syed Zuhair Bokhari Abstract: Pakistan, like other developing nations, is facing the challenge of food security by way of 58 percent of its people being food insecure with varying degree of hunger and malnutrition. The country is producing 40 million tons of food grains and a large variety of other crops. Pakistan is focusing on increasing crop productivity through exploiting multiple options in agriculture technology. The probability of lateral expansion of agriculture is constrained by virtually inelastic irrigation water supply. In conjunction, Pakistan has focused to develop a state of the art, satellite based crop monitoring system in order to better address the food and nutritional complexities. The satellite based crop monitoring system provides alerts on a large number of field crops of high economic importance. The satellite systems used in this maneuver provide medium to fine range of resolutions. To increase the awareness of alerts made, SUPARCO has set up a monthly crop bulletin on its web page (http://www.suparco.gov.pk / pages /pak-scms.asp). This has increased reach and recognition of the satellite based vigilance provided by SUPARCO. The bulletin encompasses monthly situation on crops standing in the field, analytical reviews of agricultural policies, sub-regional NDVI images for various time lines, comparison of temporal satellite images across agro ecological regions and other diverse information including damages by floods, with subsequent water recession and impacts of drought. The system has served a useful purpose in the face of devolution of the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture. Pakistan has benefitted in managing its food security concerns, based on early warning systems, forecasts, estimations and other periodic information provided by SUPARCO. Introduction The once concept of "Food for all" has grown into the perception of "Food Security" during 1970s. The concept has variable connotations and explanations. The current definition of food security given by the World Food Summit of 1996 is "when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life". The USDA has further refined the dimension of accessibility by suggesting that the nutritious food of dietetic choice should be available and accessible in a "Socially Acceptable" way. The food security includes both physical and economic access to food that meets people's dietary needs as well as their food preferences. The food security is built on three pillars viz. (a) Food availability in sufficient quantities on a consistent basis, (b) Food access, requiring availability of sufficient economic Population Growth in Pakistan during 1960-2010. resources to buy food of preference for a nutritious diet and (c) Food use requiring knowledge of basic nutrition and care, as well as adequate water and sanitation. Pakistan's current population is 180 million people. The population growth rate was around 2.5 percent during early 1960s. The green revolution of 1960s improved living standards of masses. As a result the population growth rate in Pakistan's conformist society surged un-precedently to 3.44 percent during early 1980s. The educational drive and awareness campaign have helped to drop this growth rate to 1.8 percent currently. This has been adding about 3 million additional people to our population on an average, each year. This continuing increase, of high order has resulted in food and nutrition related complexities. A National Nutrition Survey was conducted by the Ministry of Health during 2011. This survey revealed that out of 30,000 households surveyed, 42 percent were food secure and 58 percent were food insecure. Of these, 28 percent are food insecure without hunger, 20 percent with moderate hunger and 10 percent are with severe hunger. Among the food insecure, about 50 percent women and children were found to be malnourished. The incidence of maternal anemia was 49 percent, night blindness 16 percent and child stunting level was 43 percent. Indus Basin Food Production Machine Pakistan has kept a vigil on agriculture sector, to assure sustainable growth and maintain food security. The agriculture in Pakistan is mainly concentrated in the Indus basin as shown in the map below. The country has invested heavily in water resources development and management. An irrigation network with supporting reservoir capacity of 18 million acre feet, a spinal drainage structure and the follow on farm water programs have been set up in 30
Page 2 and 3: Proceedings of ISN
Page 4 and 5: Table of Contents Foreword.........
Page 6 and 7: Foreword Foreword Rapid population
Page 8 and 9: Inaugural Session Every year, ISNET
Page 10 and 11: Inaugural Session Welcome Address D
Page 12 and 13: Programme 11.45 - 12.00 12.00 - 13.
Page 14 and 15: Programme 09.40 - 09.55 09.55 - 10.
Page 16 and 17: Recommendations Seminar Recommendat
Page 19 and 20: Keynote Keynote Address Mr Arshad H
Page 22 and 23: Theme 1: Country Reports Use of Spa
Page 24 and 25: Theme 1: Country Reports Normalized
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Page 37 and 38: Theme 2: Agriculture Landuse The so
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Theme 5: Damage Assessment 5.2 Rain
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Theme 5: Damage Assessment two imag
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Theme 5: Damage Assessment Data ava
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Theme 5: Damage Assessment 91.097 m
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Theme 5: Damage Assessment Fig. (9)
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Theme 5: Damage Assessment Drought
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Theme 5: Damage Assessment observed
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Theme 5: Damage Assessment Lewis, S
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