Consultation Response - Media 12 - Cardiff University PDF 2 MB

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news outlets about the Scottish Labour leader, Wendy Alexander, and contributions to her leadership campaign. The politicians’ expenses story was still making news during the period of our 2009 sample, but in UK broadcast news this story remained confined to Westminster (at least in this period). 3. We see a small decrease in the number of the news items categorised as ‘Whole UK, No Reference to Devolution’ from 79 in 2007 to 66 in 2009 (except on BBC television, where there is a small increase from 18 to 25). These refer to items that are presented in general terms about issues that are relevant to the whole UK, but that concern a devolved policy area not referenced in the news report. These items do not make misleading or inaccurate statements about the application of a particular policy, they simply make no reference to areas of devolved power/policy. So, for example, we found a number of items about plans by the Westminster government to fast-track the construction of nuclear power stations through an overhaul of planning procedures for large infrastructure projects (reported on various outlets on 9 November 2009). The framing of many of these items concerned the need for further provision of nuclear power. This is a complex area since energy policy is not devolved, but planning procedures are. Indeed, it is by using the ability to obstruct such planning that the SNP government has been able to enact its antinuclear power strategy, and this may be the reason that all of the proposed sites for nuclear power stations were located in England and Wales with none in Scotland. This story thus concerned the UK, but contained elements of relevant devolved powers. BBC News at One on 9 November 2009 contained an item on this topic, in which no reference was made to the ability of the Scottish Parliament to exercise power over this issue. World at One also made no reference to the role of the Scottish Parliament. By contrast, BBC News at Six (9 November 2009) did refer to Scotland’s powers in this area, albeit without specifying that the powers were not directly related to the main topic (energy), but their powers over planning: The government has to keep the lights on; it also wants to cut carbon emissions. And ministers say the nuclear option is needed for both. So they’ve streamlined the planning system to give a fast track to projects like new nuclear stations. And here they are [points to map with UK highlighted]: ten sites, each of them at or near places already used for generating nuclear power, dotted all round the coastline. The decision doesn’t fully apply to Scotland, which has devolved authority. (BBC News at Six, 9 November 2009) 18
This version of the item was retained for BBC News at Ten. The items on BBC News at One and Radio 4’s World at One items were thus coded as ‘Whole UK, No Reference to Devolution’, and the items on BBC News at Six and BBC News at Ten as ‘Relevant Powers Referred To (outside England)’. 4. Finally, and perhaps most significantly, the largest group of news items in Table 3.1, in line with the 2007 study, are those that referred only to England (or England and at least one other nation) with over two thirds falling within this category. It should be noted here that one of the main findings of the 2007 study was that in news items related to devolved stories in England, reporters did not always make it clear that the story they were covering referred only to England (or that different policy regimes existed in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland). Accordingly, in 2009 we decided to break this category down even further – the results of which are outlined in Section 4. In 2009 we found 522 references to devolved powers or authorities across the 505 news items. This is a dramatic increase from 2007, when we found just 83 references across 361 items. Tables 3.2 and 3.3 below look specifically at all these references, categorising them as follows: • Explicit references to the ability of a devolved assembly (or Westminster in the case of legislation in England) to make and enact policy. • Implicit references that a devolved assembly (or Westminster in the case of England news items) has competence in that area. References were usually seen as implicit when they stated where the story does apply (generally England), without detailing where and why it doesn’t apply. • No Reference – a category new to the 2009 study, noting instances when references to devolved powers would have clarified the remit of the story but were not included. In most cases, this refers to whole news items. Table 3.2 below summarises the 2009 findings across the 505 news items. 10 Again, we see a clear difference between the BBC and other UK broadcasters. On BBC outlets, 71% of news items relevant to devolution (38% explicit and 33% implicit) contained at least one explicit or implicit reference to devolved powers and only 29% did not. But on ITV, Channel 4 and Sky, only 43% of relevant news items contained such references (19% explicit and 24% implicit) while 57% did not. 10 Since there were multiple references within some news items, ‘explicit’ refers to any item containing at least one explicit reference, ‘implicit’ to any item containing at least one implicit reference but no explicit references, and ‘no reference’ to an item with no explicit or implicit references. 19
Page 1 and 2: Task and Finish Group on the future
Page 3 and 4: 1. Introduction and Overview of Fin
Page 5 and 6: When we examined news across the BB
Page 7 and 8: We also examined BBC current affair
Page 9 and 10: correlation between the location of
Page 11 and 12: Channel 4 and Sky fell by 1.8% poin
Page 13 and 14: News items about devolved politics
Page 15 and 16: Consumer News 4 - - - 1 -1 - - 5 -1
Page 17: political engagement in the UK that
Page 21 and 22: Education 39 +25 49 +47 24 0 -2 2 +
Page 23 and 24: Our general sample, reported in Sec
Page 25 and 26: • Those that made it clear that t
Page 27 and 28: A small number - 12 (or 4%) of the
Page 29 and 30: Table 4.3: 2009 Number of instances
Page 31 and 32: Specifically, we looked at which na
Page 33 and 34: Lack of devolved context The review
Page 35 and 36: Although the box clearly stated tha
Page 37 and 38: Compare and contrast While the stor
Page 39 and 40: devolution on UK-wide network news.
Page 41 and 42: McGuinness MLA (17 seconds) and Hil
Page 43 and 44: …much of the criticisms in the Wa
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Page 47 and 48: clips from Conservative and Labour
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Page 53 and 54: The Panorama programme on terrorism
Page 55 and 56: Panorama programme ‘Whatever Happ
Page 57 and 58: Subject Items Westminster Politics
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Page 63 and 64: Summary The One Show draws attentio
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Page 67 and 68: Belfast Telegraph and on Newsline.
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had failed to implement one of the
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• Plaid Cymru AMs calling for a c
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12/10/09 Cycle route due for destru
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Scotsman 26-30 October (Week 2) Dat
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Western Mail 09-13 November (Week 3
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10/11/09 Stormont debate on policin
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expenses 14/10/09 Interview with Ch
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5. Categories for [Q14 - Devolved P
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England N. Ireland Studio Gen. UK W
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20. Sources speaking in news item (
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Sample 2009 Coder Instruction Bookl
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18. Specific inaccuracies - where t
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Subjects covered by stories from th
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NI Arrests 28-Oct 3 3 Criminal Conv
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Supplementary Subjects in Westminst
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Contents Page 1. Introduction and O
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parties etc.) rather than on questi
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This suggests that the BBC website
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pattern across media outlets (Table
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Health NHS 2.1 1.6 1.8 0.9 1.7 Heal
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outlets) 9 . Overall, 14% of storie
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Religion 3 100.0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 3 S
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Equal rights 0 2 0 0 2 Health 13 0
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The Westminster focus of many of th
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3. Case Studies Introduction The pu
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Any confusion between England and t
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at One, which, after a brief mentio
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North Sea oil revenue goes to the T
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ITV News 1 0 6 0 3 0 2 0 0 0 BBC On
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Table 3.4: Number of times reports
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Graph 4.1: Frequency and percentage
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A high proportion of stories on New
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did not know who ran the Welsh Asse
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Three in ten BBC online stories wer
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four nations (15.9%) was broadly in
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partly be because our analysis, unl
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Table 4.13: Types of news items ass
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tanks, trade unions or the academic
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5. Current Affairs Coverage 2007 In
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URRY: It’s a scene being played o
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Some programmes referred to agencie
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BOWLBY: […] A deal to divide up t
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and now, after a decade of limited
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English are free to think seriously
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6. Five Live Phone-In Programmes (O
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Scottish caller commented that the
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Election Frequency % England 16 21.
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Westminster (together with the poss
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the wider general and election samp
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minutes. Andrew Cassell covered the
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Northern Ireland Political Process
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Political Process In the Scotsman o
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Omissions: Full List of Stories Tho
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kerb-crawlers in Scotland 17/10/07
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17/10/07 Former quango employees co
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following foot-and-mouth outbreak 2
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29/11/07 Child welfare - too many a
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put in whole questions such as “W
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would be helpful if the search coul
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10. Bibliography BBC (2003) The BBC
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11. Appendix A. Dates of Sample Ele
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C. Online Monitoring We monitored s
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E. Focus Groups Breakdown of groups
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) Can you describe the position tha
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9. Which of the following policy ar
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Election Sample Question Percentage
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