Consultation Response - Media 12 - Cardiff University PDF 2 MB

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from play-based to formal learning in England should be delayed until children turn six years old. Formal learning begins in English and Scottish schools at five years of age, while Wales and Northern Ireland already employ the playbased approach recommended in the review until children reach the age of seven. Most news outlets led with the recommendation to introduce playbased learning for young schoolchildren in England. As the content analysis showed, we found several stories where English education policy was reported as if it applied UK-wide. This story, by contrast, prominently and repeatedly drew attention to the differences between the devolved nations. Indeed, on some BBC news programming a ‘compare and contrast’ approach became the central narrative through which to introduce and explain the significance of the Cambridge primary school review. Overall, the primary school review story generated 22 items over the sample period, 19 of which were on BBC outlets, three on other outlets. There were nine television items: four on the BBC News Channel; two on each of the BBC’s News at One and News at Six; and one on News at Ten. BBC Radio featured eight items: three on both the Today programme and Radio 5 live Breakfast; and one each on PM and World at One. The story also featured twice on BBC online: as a routine UK news story; and a UK ‘Features, Views, Analysis’ item. ITV News at Ten, Channel 4 News and Sky News all produced one news item each about the story. Locating devolved relevance In the 19 BBC news items that reported the primary school review story, most made reference to the other nations where formal learning started at a later age. The examples below show how the introductions to the story on different BBC media clearly located the relevance of the review in England as opposed to the whole of the UK. Children in England shouldn’t start formal education until the age of six. That’s according to the largest review of primary education in England for 40 years. It says there’s no evidence that starting formal learning at 5 brings any benefits, and could even be harmful. The government called the review disappointing and out of date. (BBC News at One, 16 October 2009) An independent study of primary education in England has recommended that… (Radio 4 Today, 16 October 2009) The biggest inquiry into primary education in England for 40 years is suggesting that children shouldn’t start formal lessons until they’re 6... (BBC Radio 5 live Breakfast, 16 October 2009) Children should not start formal learning until they are six, a review of primary education in England says. (BBC online UK News, 16 October 2009) 36
Compare and contrast While the story was introduced with relevance to schools in England only, the reporters on the BBC news media below referred to other devolved nations (most notably Wales and Northern Ireland) to compare the various nations’ education policies and explain how parts of the UK already pursue the recommendations of the review. In Wales and Northern Ireland, although children can start school from the age of 4, in line with the rest of the UK, formal learning is put off until children are 7, with the emphasis, instead, on play. (BBC News at One, 16 October 2009) Children do start school in the UK at a younger age than in many other countries, but the more important issue for the review is when the switch takes place from playbased learning, to a more formal, structured curriculum. In England and Scotland, the curriculum starts at 5, whereas in Wales and Northern Ireland, the emphasis on learning through play continues right through, until children are 7. (BBC News at Six, 16 October 2009) In line with the practice in many other countries, including Wales, the review argues that… (Radio 4 Today, 16 October 2009) In Wales, formal learning doesn’t start until 7, after they introduce the ‘foundation’ phase. (BBC 5 live Breakfast, 16 October 2009) The Welsh comparison The Cambridge Review recommendations were pursued with a Welsh angle in a number of BBC outlets. So, for example, the news items on the News at One, Six and Ten programmes as well as the Today programme were presented from a Welsh school. There were also several interviews that used Welsh education as a counter reference point to English schools. Radio 4’s PM interviewed a headteacher from a Welsh school who was asked: “Would you feel, then, that England has something to learn from what’s happening in Wales and Northern Ireland?” In another interview, Vernon Coaker (the Minister for Schools and Learners in England) was asked whether England was “out of step” because it does not promote a play-focused curriculum: But it’s interesting, then, that in Wales and Northern Ireland they’re going for this more play-focused curriculum in the very early years. Why, then, are they doing that, and isn’t England out of step? (PM, 16 October 2009) The BBC News Channel followed up a reporter package on location (as did the News at One) with an interview with the Welsh Children’s Commissioner. The presenter explored the primary education system in Wales in some depth and developed a broader discussion about the exam culture in Wales by asking his interviewee: “Where are you on SATs? In England, are the schools too obsessed with SATs?” 37
Page 1 and 2: Task and Finish Group on the future
Page 3 and 4: 1. Introduction and Overview of Fin
Page 5 and 6: When we examined news across the BB
Page 7 and 8: We also examined BBC current affair
Page 9 and 10: correlation between the location of
Page 11 and 12: Channel 4 and Sky fell by 1.8% poin
Page 13 and 14: News items about devolved politics
Page 15 and 16: Consumer News 4 - - - 1 -1 - - 5 -1
Page 17 and 18: political engagement in the UK that
Page 19 and 20: This version of the item was retain
Page 21 and 22: Education 39 +25 49 +47 24 0 -2 2 +
Page 23 and 24: Our general sample, reported in Sec
Page 25 and 26: • Those that made it clear that t
Page 27 and 28: A small number - 12 (or 4%) of the
Page 29 and 30: Table 4.3: 2009 Number of instances
Page 31 and 32: Specifically, we looked at which na
Page 33 and 34: Lack of devolved context The review
Page 35: Although the box clearly stated tha
Page 39 and 40: devolution on UK-wide network news.
Page 41 and 42: McGuinness MLA (17 seconds) and Hil
Page 43 and 44: …much of the criticisms in the Wa
Page 45 and 46: which has devolved authority” (as
Page 47 and 48: clips from Conservative and Labour
Page 49 and 50: and more precise picture of the nat
Page 51 and 52: The full list of relevant programme
Page 53 and 54: The Panorama programme on terrorism
Page 55 and 56: Panorama programme ‘Whatever Happ
Page 57 and 58: Subject Items Westminster Politics
Page 59 and 60: een mounting to sort out the discre
Page 61 and 62: The following package was much more
Page 63 and 64: Summary The One Show draws attentio
Page 65 and 66: 8. Omissions Introduction In order
Page 67 and 68: Belfast Telegraph and on Newsline.
Page 69 and 70: had failed to implement one of the
Page 71 and 72: • Plaid Cymru AMs calling for a c
Page 73 and 74: 12/10/09 Cycle route due for destru
Page 75 and 76: Scotsman 26-30 October (Week 2) Dat
Page 77 and 78: Western Mail 09-13 November (Week 3
Page 79 and 80: 10/11/09 Stormont debate on policin
Page 81 and 82: expenses 14/10/09 Interview with Ch
Page 83 and 84: 5. Categories for [Q14 - Devolved P
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20. Sources speaking in news item (
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Sample 2009 Coder Instruction Bookl
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18. Specific inaccuracies - where t
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Subjects covered by stories from th
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NI Arrests 28-Oct 3 3 Criminal Conv
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Supplementary Subjects in Westminst
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Contents Page 1. Introduction and O
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parties etc.) rather than on questi
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This suggests that the BBC website
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pattern across media outlets (Table
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Health NHS 2.1 1.6 1.8 0.9 1.7 Heal
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outlets) 9 . Overall, 14% of storie
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Religion 3 100.0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 3 S
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Equal rights 0 2 0 0 2 Health 13 0
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The Westminster focus of many of th
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3. Case Studies Introduction The pu
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Any confusion between England and t
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at One, which, after a brief mentio
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North Sea oil revenue goes to the T
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ITV News 1 0 6 0 3 0 2 0 0 0 BBC On
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Table 3.4: Number of times reports
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Graph 4.1: Frequency and percentage
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A high proportion of stories on New
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did not know who ran the Welsh Asse
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Three in ten BBC online stories wer
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four nations (15.9%) was broadly in
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partly be because our analysis, unl
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Table 4.13: Types of news items ass
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tanks, trade unions or the academic
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5. Current Affairs Coverage 2007 In
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URRY: It’s a scene being played o
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Some programmes referred to agencie
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BOWLBY: […] A deal to divide up t
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and now, after a decade of limited
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English are free to think seriously
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6. Five Live Phone-In Programmes (O
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Scottish caller commented that the
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Election Frequency % England 16 21.
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Westminster (together with the poss
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the wider general and election samp
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minutes. Andrew Cassell covered the
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Northern Ireland Political Process
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Political Process In the Scotsman o
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Omissions: Full List of Stories Tho
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kerb-crawlers in Scotland 17/10/07
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17/10/07 Former quango employees co
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following foot-and-mouth outbreak 2
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29/11/07 Child welfare - too many a
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put in whole questions such as “W
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would be helpful if the search coul
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10. Bibliography BBC (2003) The BBC
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11. Appendix A. Dates of Sample Ele
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C. Online Monitoring We monitored s
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E. Focus Groups Breakdown of groups
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) Can you describe the position tha
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9. Which of the following policy ar
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Election Sample Question Percentage
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