Prediction of batch heat transfer coefficients for pseudoplastic fluids ...

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VIII LIST OF TABLES 2-1 Mtn~ Reymold3 Nnmber Needed to Ae~eve MGvement at a Vessel Wall flDr Pseude ~la.stie Fluids 4-1 Heat Tran.sf'er Vessel 4-2 A~itati(!)n 4-3 Impeller Dim.ensiens 5-1 Impelle~ Pesitions Used in ~e Majer Pertion of' th~s Tb.~sis 103 5-2 Summary: of' Addi tianal Data Points Measured in the Prelintinary Study of' Heat Transf'er to Water 104 5-3 Summary of Data Points Used in Correlatiens 113 5-4 Correlation A 114 5-5 Correlation B 117 5-6 Correlation C 118 5-7 Varianees f'o~ Cerre1ations A$ B, and C 119 5-8 Correlation D 121 5-9 Correlation E 124 5-10 Correlation F 126 5-11 Correlation G 128 5-12 Varianees f'er Correlations D, E, F a.J:ad G 129 32 81 82 86 A-I A-2 A-3 A-4 A-S A-6 A-7 A-8 A-9 A-IO Viscosity of' 93.7 Pereent G1yeerime Correetion Fieters for Glycerine Viscosity 1$9 Equati~ C~araeteristies of Brookfield Cyl~drical 161 Spindle Slo];!>e of Leg Shear Stress Versus Leg 165 Rotationa.1 Speed 168 RReo1egiea1 Data f'or Carbopol Solutions 170 Constants f'or Equations 7-10 amd 7-11 Flow Behavior Index and Fluid Consistency 173 Index of' Carbepol Solutions 169 Flow Behavior Index and Fluid Consistency Indexf'or Oarbop01 Selutions 175 ~erimental Values f'or the Thermal Conductivity of' Carbep01 SlDlutiol1s 181 Densi ty of' Carbopel Se1utions 184 Table or Nemenelature r0~ Appen&ix A 185
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION BATCH HEAT TRANSFER Heat transfer from one fluid through a wall to another fluid is usually described using an overall heat transfer coefficient, U. dq := UdA6To (1-1 where q is the amount of heat transferred through heat transfer area dA. The driving force,.6 To, is the overall or total difference in temperature bettr-J8en the hot and cold fluids. The reciprocal of the overall heat transfer coefficient is the sun of all the resistances to heat floWe Equation 1-2 defines the overall heat transfer I :=l+l+L 1 1 U 11m hf kw + h (1-2 coefficient for a jacketed vessel where h m is the coefficient of heat transfer of' the fluid heat transfer medium. Its reciprocal is thus the resistance of this fluid to the flow of heat. ~f is the resistance due to the fouling of the heat transfer surfaces. L is the thickness of the wall and kvJ is its therm.al conductivity. The resistance to heat flow due to the l-Jall. ratio, {r is the -1.v ~ is the resistance on the batch side of the heat transfer surface and h is called the batch heat transfer coefficient. In many cases the batch heat transfer coefficient is small and tkus is a controlling factor determining the
Page 1 and 2: Copyright Warning & Restrictions Th
Page 3 and 4: PREDICTION OF BATCH HEAT TRANSFER C
Page 5 and 6: while the latter has five to seven
Page 7 and 8: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The auther ex~ress
Page 9 and 10: Chapter 1: Chapter 2: Introducticm
Page 11: LIST OF FIGURES page 2-1 FlGW Behav
Page 15 and 16: 3 as pseudoplasticso Pseudoplastic
Page 17 and 18: 5 ~n addition to studying the effec
Page 19 and 20: 7 A B SLOPE = /'n- .( 10 ~y FIG 2-1
Page 21 and 22: 15.5, 183, 185).. Most of their eff
Page 23 and 24: va:ry withl. the slaear I'Rte.. 11.
Page 25 and 26: 13 RHEOLOGIC_~ INVESTIGATION OFPO~~
Page 27 and 28: IS In(s) (2-8 (2-9 where Re is the
Page 29 and 30: '7 ft~ easier method of calibrating
Page 31 and 32: 19 of' thixotropic breakdown l'Ji t
Page 33 and 34: 21 complicated by a variable viscos
Page 35 and 36: 2J Schultz-GrQnow (174) used a dime
Page 37 and 38: 2S The results shm-red that equatio
Page 39 and 40: Su.bstituti011 of equati 2-22 gives
Page 41 and 42: 29 In both Newtonian and non-Newton
Page 43 and 44: 31 for viscous pseudoplas tics at 1
Page 45 and 46: 33 (2-29 when both the distances ar
Page 47 and 48: JS Thermometers or thermocouples ar
Page 49 and 50: .37 2: a in in heat cQ@tent of the
Page 51 and 52: J9 cooling mediu..:m side, the heat
Page 53 and 54: 41 ports a value of 3/4-.. He then
Page 55 and 56: 43 find the effects of one or two o
Page 57 and 58: 45 The group to the left of the equ
Page 59 and 60: 47 the highest heat tra...nsfer coe
Page 61 and 62: 49 A pitched blade turbine gave coe
Page 63 and 64:
SI done on the correlation of heat
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5J evaluated at the wall temperatur
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ss to (2-46 where ill is the consis
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CHAPTER .2 DEVELOPMENT OF CORRELATI
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momentum" mass" and energy may be ~
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61 Vr;> Jt.- ,,"Ii'\... ..", ::: (V
Page 75 and 76:
63 Substitution of these dimensionl
Page 77 and 78:
l/(R + 1) and was able t@ elim.iE.a
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67 All of the variables and differe
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69 The average heat transfer coeffi
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N"v = C Iv''' (;';~-"')&'i'~ (%t-n,
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73 Semi-Empirical Correlation i ..,
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75 7I1C1?/lfOCOUPLc .JuNe T/ON IMBE
Page 89 and 90:
77 _I"---- / SCALE I ~~, .5 j t /Z.
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also cop~ected to the pipes leading
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81 Ve8sel :J all th:l c]me 8 8 .) '
Page 95 and 96:
83 potentiometer for varing the mot
Page 97 and 98:
85 MATERIAL 7:0 STAIIJLESS STEEL /
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11 Wa.ll (Mi€1dl~) Same as #5 81
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89 shea.r ra.tes, tl?1ey a.re unaff
Page 103:
and if' lO"V'l$' a sm.all amount of
Page 106 and 107:
94- was about 40-45 ndmutes .. Tke
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96 vThere N is in rev./sec .. and S
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88 ql\fETI A = 6 T \--T -s L/kw (1+
Page 112 and 113:
I {)D The generalized Reynolds n~mb
Page 114 and 115:
02. CHAPTER !2. RESUI,TS Many heat
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01 TABLE 5-2 sutn~U{Y OF ADDITIONAL
Page 118 and 119:
108 the batch than the other ticJO
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108 optimum impeller heights were u
Page 122 and 123:
10 I r "'" , •• ,'., "",' """",
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112 correlations for the prediction
Page 126 and 127:
TABLE 5 - 4 Correlation Constants A
Page 128 and 129:
1/6 Table 5-5 and 5-6. A measure of
Page 130 and 131:
TABLE S - 6 IMPELLER Correlation Co
Page 132 and 133:
120 greater than 2.0. In this case
Page 134 and 135:
12.2
Page 136 and 137:
TABLE 5 - 9 CORRELATION E t (a/n +1
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TABLE 5 - 10 IMPELLER Correlation C
Page 140 and 141:
TABLE 5 - 11 CORRELATION G (1.30/61
Page 142 and 143:
1.30 of the substantial improvement
Page 144 and 145:
1.3 2. The probable error in the ca
Page 146 and 147:
134 .,;' : :: :::: : ~ !~. , " . .'
Page 148 and 149:
T." ••••••• ,_ .....
Page 150 and 151:
38 the cooling of nitration liquors
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140 The average deviation of the me
Page 154 and 155:
42 tween 0.25 and 0.58. L~~l had re
Page 156 and 157:
144 transfer coefficients to non-Ne
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16 of fit and it may t...herefore b
Page 160 and 161:
148 'tvas insufficient data to eval
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50 A ::: Apr ... B ::: C p ::: CPr
Page 164 and 165:
52. Q ::. Average heat transfer rat
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Xc = Function of Reynolds nL:l.m.be
Page 168 and 169:
IS6 G REE:>{ ALPHABET 0 ::: Value o
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158 coefficient. Thus, for the wate
Page 172 and 173:
160 , ., I .. : I :. '. • • !.
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162 I , . I . "I '1 I i I 1 I 1· '
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64 ncr --~iIluto e torque of the in
Page 178 and 179:
166 rive different temperatures; ab
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168 TABLE A-4. SLOPE OF "LOG SHEAR
Page 182 and 183:
TABLE 11.-5 RHEOLOGICAL DATA FOR CA
Page 184 and 185:
TABLE A-5 (eollt. ) /12 o . 24;;& C
Page 186 and 187:
'11 The flow behavior index and flu
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i .f.C ·F s o 6 1 6 I
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· . . . " , · . :::11" ': "'" ~ .
Page 192 and 193:
180 Tke thermal e€l1'!ciluetlvity
Page 194 and 195:
182 Heat capacity data for 100% gly
Page 196 and 197:
IB4- wkiek ex~resses the aensity e
Page 198 and 199:
186 Ts - Torque X :: Peree~t 0~ ful
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Phase I Calcu13tiJ~ of Slope of !oG
Page 202 and 203:
3 REAL). N. ti •• D 4 cN=N E'I'
Page 204 and 205:
~~-- ~---- --~--~ ~~~--------------
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Phase IV Correlation of Flow Behavi
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96 HEAT TRANSFER DATA FOR WA'fER US
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DATA /98 Batch \'ieight '" 94 •.
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zoo Run Center Dia!!1ec;er Ri'M Are
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DATA 20l. WATER - TUHBINSS Batch We
Page 216 and 217:
204- HEAT T'rtANSFEH DATA USED IN C
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DATA ANCHor;: 206 Batch :'Ieight =
Page 220 and 221:
2.08 Run Diameter RP!'1 Area Dynamo
Page 222 and 223:
DAT_': 210 "i'ADDI,ES 9:5.7'10 GLYC
Page 224 and 225:
212 DATA PADDLES 0.15 PEHC:::N'r CA
Page 226 and 227:
211- D!~ 'I'l\. PA-:JDLES 0.20 PERC
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~;:. 'I'A 3.16 P.;'DDLES 0.24 PEHCE
Page 230 and 231:
2/8 DATA PROPELL:SH3 0.15 P:~RCEN'l
Page 232 and 233:
DATA DISK & VANE 'l'URBINE \'iATER
Page 234 and 235:
2.22 DATA Tu.'i:SINES 0.15 PERCENT
Page 236 and 237:
CALCULATION OF HEAT TRANSFER AND PR
Page 238 and 239:
________________ ~parent viscosity
Page 240 and 241:
------------------------ -_._------
Page 242 and 243:
~--~, ~ ---- ---- -----------~-----
Page 244 and 245:
232 NOMEliCLATURE FOR BEAT TRANSFER
Page 246 and 247:
2.34- CALCULATED RSSULTS WATER Run
Page 248 and 249:
2,36 Run Center Diameter h NNu Npo
Page 250 and 251:
2.38 CALCULAT'ED ~E~:UL'rS ?!ATER P
Page 252 and 253:
CALCULA'rED 1-{E8iiLlJ. 1 S \.;!\.'
Page 254 and 255:
CALC:_:LA'i'ED _12:-)ULTS 24c. ANCH
Page 256 and 257:
CALCULATEDR3SULTS PADDLE - CENTER H
Page 258 and 259:
CALCULATED HESULTS 216 PADDLES - CE
Page 260 and 261:
248 CALCULATED RESULTS PADDLES - CE
Page 262 and 263:
CALCULATED RE:>ULTS 2. So PADDLf~S
Page 264 and 265:
PADDLES - CALCULATED RE6ULTS CENTSH
Page 267 and 268:
255 CALCULATED !tESULTS PROPELLERS
Page 269 and 270:
CALCULA'rED RELmL'l'S PROPELLr~RS -
Page 271 and 272:
CALCULATED HESULTS DISK AND VANE ;r
Page 273 and 274:
DISK AND VAI'E .rU~1BINES CALCULATE
Page 275 and 276:
DISK AND VANE '.i.'UR13HiES - CEl'i
Page 277 and 278:
26S RESULT,:; U:3ED FOR REGRESSION
Page 279 and 280:
of a least squares line can be calc
Page 281 and 282:
269 (0-9 where y "" log NNu xl = lo
Page 283 and 284:
-------------- -.Basi.c "Progr.a.rr
Page 285 and 286:
-----------~---------- -~----------
Page 287 and 288:
--~-------------- ------ ~~ -------
Page 289 and 290:
Modi fi cati onB-foT' ev:alnatj ng-
Page 291 and 292:
constants forco~~~latjQn F --------
Page 293 and 294:
.------~.~~-- ---------------------
Page 295 and 296:
28.J ENGLISH ALPHABET . - ¢,'"'~-=
Page 297 and 298:
References 2.8S 1. ') L. 3. Lt- •
Page 299 and 300:
287 56. 57. 58. C:;o ./ / . 60. 61.
Page 301 and 302:
289 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 12L~
Page 303 and 304:
176. 177. 178. 179. 1(30. 181. 182.
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Prediction of batch heat transfer coefficients for pseudoplastic fluids ...

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