IMProVe 2011 - Proceedings
IMProVe 2011 - Proceedings
IMProVe 2011 - Proceedings
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<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong><br />
International Conference<br />
on Innovative Methods<br />
in Product Design<br />
<strong>Proceedings</strong>:<br />
Abstracts Volume<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong><br />
Microsoft
<strong>Proceedings</strong> of <strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong><br />
International Conference on<br />
Innovative Methods in Product Design<br />
San Servolo, Venice (Italy), June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong><br />
Scientific Associations:<br />
ADM<br />
INGEGRAF<br />
Scientific Partners<br />
AIP Primeca<br />
IJIDeM<br />
Conference Organization:<br />
Daur - Università degli Studi di Padova<br />
Editors:<br />
Gianmaria Concheri, Roberto Meneghello, Gianpaolo Savio<br />
Patronages:<br />
Università degli Studi di Padova<br />
Facoltà di Ingegneria<br />
Dipartimento di Architettura, Urbanistica e Rilevamento (DAUR)<br />
© Copyright <strong>2011</strong><br />
June <strong>2011</strong><br />
Libreria Internazionale Cortina Padova<br />
ISBN 978-88-7784-333-3
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> International Conference originates as the 5th Joint Conference of ADM<br />
(the Italian Associazione Nazionale Disegno di Macchine) and INGEGRAF (Asociación<br />
Española de Ingeniería Gráfica) and has been organized by the Design Tools and Methods<br />
in Industrial Engineering Lab. and the Drafting and Representation Lab., both belonging to<br />
the DAUR Dept. of University of Padova. From this edition, the Conference is also<br />
supported by A.I.P. PRIMECA (Ateliers Inter-établissements de Productique - Pôles de<br />
Ressources Informatiques pour la MECAnique) and IJIDeM (International Journal on<br />
Interactive Design and Manufacturing). This event has been proposed as a significant<br />
opportunity for discussing on product innovation issues from interdisciplinary point of<br />
views, to promote new workgroups and international networks in both engineering and<br />
architecture areas.<br />
As can be recognized by these proceedings, <strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> has proven to be a forum of<br />
experts in engineering and architecture design from academia and industry, committed to<br />
share the different experiences, skills and ideas and to, jointly, identify new working<br />
hypothesis for the design of innovative products.<br />
The quality of the contributions was assured by a double blind review under the<br />
supervision of the Scientific Committee, as explained hereafter. I want to personally thank<br />
every member of the Scientific Committee and of the Reviewer Committee for the strong<br />
commitment and expertise demonstrated in this sensitive and very important task.<br />
Finally, I hope that this event could be one step towards a stronger and fruitful<br />
cooperation among ADM, INGEGRAF and AIP-PRIMECA associations, and also open new<br />
links with the innovative experiences in the fields of industrial design and architecture.<br />
Gianmaria Concheri<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> Chair<br />
i
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> Scientific Committee note<br />
The IMProVE <strong>2011</strong> Conference has reached a quite large audience of researchers<br />
interested to its topics, and 223 submission have been gathered by the OpenConf CMS,<br />
mainly from Europe.<br />
The review process has been possible with the work of the Scientific Committee, to which<br />
other 43 colleagues, mainly Italian and Spanish, have given their cooperation to guarantee<br />
at least two assessments per paper. Each reviewer has assessed 5 papers (average value)<br />
with a variance of ±3 papers. The double blind review process has selected 156 papers<br />
(70%), that have been subdivided between 98 for oral presentation (63%) and 58 for the<br />
poster session (37%).<br />
Accepted for oral presentation were the papers that reached a score greater than 4/6<br />
(being 6 the greatest value used by the CSM). The paper assessed by a score lower than<br />
4/6 was selected for poster session, even if in some (few) cases the improvement received<br />
by the paper, on the basis of reviewer comments, brought it up to oral presentation.<br />
Fortunately in few cases (lower than 10) was necessary to assign the assessment to a third<br />
reviewer, and this allowed the Scientific Committee to solve the conflict emerged. The<br />
papers with scores lower than 2/6 were rejected by S.C. or withdrawn by the authors.<br />
Submitted abstracts: 223<br />
Accepted papers: 156<br />
Papers rejected or withdrawn after the revision process: 67<br />
Accepted papers origin:<br />
- Argentina 1<br />
- China 1<br />
- Colombia 1<br />
- France 13<br />
- Hong Kong 2<br />
- India 1<br />
- USA 1<br />
- Italy 82<br />
- Poland 1<br />
- Spain 61<br />
- Tunisia 2<br />
(The above list cites only the corresponding Authors. The Author nationalities include<br />
more countries e.g. UK, NZ, etc.).<br />
Number of reviewers: 82:<br />
- Italy 50<br />
- Spain 18<br />
- France 12<br />
- UK 1<br />
- USA 1<br />
iii
On behalf of the Scientific Committee, I would like to thank all people who spent part of<br />
their time to give a real improvement to the papers that will be presented at the<br />
Conference.<br />
A further step will remain to do. During oral sessions the quality and the interest of the<br />
presentations will be also assessed. On the basis of this latter and the previous scores, a<br />
very reduced number of papers will be selected by Scientific Committee for publication on<br />
the Int. J. on Interactive Design and Manufacturing.<br />
Good luck and thanks again<br />
Sergio Rizzuti<br />
Scientific Committee Coordinator<br />
iv
IMProve <strong>2011</strong> Scientific Commitee<br />
Sergio Rizzuti<br />
Università della Calabria<br />
Antonio Lanzotti<br />
Università di Napoli<br />
M. Luisa Martinez Muneta Universidad Politecnica De Madrid<br />
Francisco Hernandez Abad<br />
Universidad de Cataluña<br />
Patrick Martin<br />
Arts et Métiers ParisTech<br />
Xavier Fischer<br />
ESTIA<br />
Fernando Aguilar Torres<br />
Pedro Alvarez Peñin<br />
Angelo Oreste Andrisano<br />
Camillo Bandera<br />
Antonio Bello García<br />
Alain Bernard<br />
Jean-François Boujut<br />
Fernando Brusola Simón<br />
Emmanuel Caillaud<br />
Danilo Cambiaghi<br />
R.Ian Campbell<br />
Vito Cardone<br />
Gianmaria Concheri<br />
Paolo Conti<br />
Daniel Coutellier<br />
Carlos de San Antonio Gómez<br />
Paolo Di Stefano<br />
Georges Dumont<br />
Benoit Eynard<br />
Jesús Félez Mindán<br />
Andrea Giordano<br />
Samuel Gomes<br />
Horea Ilies<br />
Kazem Kazerounian<br />
Ferruccio Mandorli<br />
Francisco Montes Tubío<br />
Javier Munioguren<br />
Jean-Pierre Nadeau<br />
Universidad de Almería<br />
Universidad de Oviedo<br />
Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia<br />
Università di Udine<br />
Universidad de Oviedo<br />
Ecole Centrale de Nantes<br />
Institut National Polytechnique de<br />
Grenoble<br />
Universidad Politécnica de Valencia<br />
Université de Strasbourg<br />
Università di Brescia<br />
Loughborough University<br />
Università di Salerno<br />
Università di Padova<br />
Università di Perugia<br />
ENSIAME<br />
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid<br />
Università dell'Aquila<br />
IRISA, ENS Cachan<br />
UTC<br />
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid<br />
Università di Padova<br />
UTBM<br />
University of Connecticut<br />
University of Connecticut<br />
Università Politecnica delle Marche<br />
Universidad de Cordoba<br />
Universidad del País Vasco<br />
Arts et Métiers ParisTech<br />
v
Reimund Neugebauer<br />
Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools<br />
and Forming Technology IWU<br />
Vincenzo Antonio Nigrelli<br />
Università di Palermo<br />
Didier Noterman<br />
INSA Lyon<br />
Cesar Otero<br />
Universidad de Cantabria<br />
Guillermo Peris Fajarnes<br />
Universidad Politécnica de Valencia<br />
Pascal Ray<br />
IFMA<br />
José Ignacio Rojas Sola<br />
Universidad de Jaén<br />
José Miguel Sánchez Sola<br />
Universidad de Cádiz<br />
Felix Sanz<br />
Universidad de la Rioja<br />
Eloy Sentana Cremades<br />
Universidad de Alicante<br />
Denis Teissandier Université Bordeaux 1<br />
Serge Tichkiewitch<br />
Institut National Polytechnique de<br />
Grenoble<br />
Philippe Véron<br />
Arts et Métiers ParisTech<br />
vi
IMProve <strong>2011</strong> Reviewer Committee<br />
Fernando J. Aguilar<br />
Pedro Ignacio Álvarez Peñín<br />
Rita Ambu<br />
Angelo O. Andrisano<br />
Camillo Bandera<br />
Sandro Barone<br />
Antonio Bello García<br />
Luisa Bifulco<br />
Elvio Bonisoli<br />
Fabio Bruno<br />
Fernando Brusola<br />
Emmanuel Caillaud<br />
Danilo Cambiaghi<br />
Ian Campbell<br />
Nicola Cappetti<br />
Vito Cardone<br />
Antonio Carretero<br />
Alessandro Ceruti<br />
Gianmaria Concheri<br />
Paolo Conti<br />
Daniel Coutellier<br />
Giuseppe d'Acunto<br />
Luigi De Napoli<br />
Agostino De Rosa<br />
Luca Di Angelo<br />
Paolo Di Stefano<br />
Georges Dumont<br />
Larisa Dunai<br />
Benoit Eynard<br />
Jesus Felez<br />
Stefano Filippi<br />
Xavier Fischer<br />
Salvatore Gerbino<br />
Michele Germani<br />
Andrea Giordano<br />
Samuel Gomes<br />
Lapo Governi<br />
Horea Ilies<br />
Antonio Lanzotti<br />
Francesco Leali<br />
Alfredo Liverani<br />
Ferruccio Mandorli<br />
Patrick Martin<br />
Massimo Martorelli<br />
Roberto Meneghello<br />
Maura Mengoni<br />
Francisco Montes Tubío<br />
Sandro Moos<br />
Anna Morabito<br />
Barbara Motyl<br />
M. Luisa Martinez Muneta<br />
Javier Muniozguren<br />
Maurizio Muzzupappa<br />
Alessandro Naddeo<br />
Vincenzo Nigrelli<br />
Massimo Oliveri<br />
Cesar Otero<br />
Lia Maria Papa<br />
Stanislao Patalano<br />
Marcello Pellicciari<br />
Guillermo Peris Fajarnes<br />
Armando V. Razionale<br />
Sergio Rizzuti<br />
José Ignacio Rojas Sola<br />
Gregorio Romero<br />
Francesco Rosa<br />
Edoardo Rovida<br />
Rossella Salerno<br />
Carlos de San Antonio Gómez<br />
José Miguel Sánchez Sola<br />
Felix Sanz<br />
Gianpaolo Savio<br />
vii
Eloy Sentana<br />
Denis Teissandier<br />
Stefano Tornincasa<br />
Alberto Vergnano<br />
Philippe Veron<br />
Enrico Vezzetti<br />
Roberto Viganò<br />
viii
IMProve <strong>2011</strong> Local Organizing Committee<br />
Gianmaria Concheri<br />
Andrea Giordano<br />
Roberto Meneghello<br />
Gianpaolo Savio<br />
Andrea Cerardi<br />
Matteo Turchetto<br />
Massimiliano Caneri<br />
DAUR - Dip. Architettura, Urbanistica e Rilevamento<br />
Università di Padova, Italy<br />
ix
CONTENTS<br />
KEYNOTE SPEAKERS 11<br />
INDUSTRIAL DESIGN AND ERGONOMICS 13<br />
Design Semantics: Even hybrid Motorcycles need to make noise 14<br />
Tracing the Evolution of Automobile design: Factors influencing the<br />
development of aesthetics in automobiles from 1885 to the present 14<br />
Application of graphic expression in the design of “New Rolling System for<br />
Horizontal Blinds” applied to doors 15<br />
Ergonomic design and analysis of a post in a stall 16<br />
Evaluation of the Experiential Levels of CPGs (Consumer Packaged Goods)<br />
using 3D Modelling 17<br />
Office furniture design for wheelchair user 17<br />
New comfort evaluation criteria: application on movie-theatre design 18<br />
Synthetic 19<br />
Validation of a new index for seat comfort assessment based on objective<br />
and subjective measurements 20<br />
VIRTUAL REALITY AND INTERACTIVE DESIGN 23<br />
Virtual acoustic environment interface for sound source localization training 24<br />
Augmented Reality integration in Product Development 24<br />
A method for systematic usability evaluation of interactive product<br />
interfaces 25<br />
Dynamic Splines for interactive simulation of elastic beams in Augmented<br />
Reality 26<br />
A product innovation method based on the synergy between TRIZ and<br />
Interaction Design 27<br />
Mixed prototyping environment with different video tracking techniques 28<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Augmented Reality: an innovative alternative for the collaborative design on<br />
construction’s projects 28<br />
KNOWLEDGE BASED ENGINEERING AND PRODUCT DATA EXCHANGE AND<br />
MANAGEMENT 31<br />
Digital document management in the conceptual design process of product 32<br />
Towards a “high productive design methodology” dedicated to modular<br />
product design using a Knowledge Configuration approach 33<br />
Vertical metadata in learning objects to recovery the industrial historical<br />
heritage 34<br />
A proposal to incorporate the Value Analysis/Value Engineering techniques<br />
into a PLM system 35<br />
LeanCost: knowledge-based tool for early product cost estimation 35<br />
KBE approaches in preliminary design: a case study 36<br />
GEOMETRIC MODELLING AND ANALYSIS 39<br />
Parametric Modeling of Free-Form Surfaces for Progressive Addition Lens 40<br />
A fast algorithm for manifold reconstruction of surfaces 41<br />
Modeling methods in parametric design. Order matrix 42<br />
A parametric associative modelling of aeronautical structural concepts<br />
under C0, C1 or C2 continuity constraints 43<br />
Geometric modelling of metallic foams 44<br />
Development of an algorithm for a triangular approach to the sphere based<br />
on the Platonic solids using MATLAB scripts. 45<br />
Shape optimization of smooth surfaces with arbitrary topology 46<br />
Characteristics of conic segments in Bézier form 46<br />
Constrained fitting of B-Spline curves based on the Force Density Method 47<br />
INTEGRATED PRODUCT AND PROCESS DESIGN 49<br />
Influence of geometrical characteristics on eco-designed products 50<br />
A computer tool to extract feasible assembly sequences from a product CAD<br />
model, in automated way 51<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Adaptation and implementation of a process of innovation and design within<br />
a SME 52<br />
Design for recycling problematic: application to composite parts 52<br />
A novel tool for pneumatic spindle design 53<br />
A novel method for sensitivity analysis and characterization in integrated<br />
engineering design 54<br />
Analysis tool of the management of integrated systems of implementation in<br />
the design of systems of industrial organization in Smes industrial devoted<br />
to mounts and electrical installations 55<br />
Shape Similarity: Methods and Industrial Applications 56<br />
A survey on systematic innovation strategies for product design and<br />
development 57<br />
A web-based Platform to design Energy Efficient Electric Motors 58<br />
Integrated Design of Robotic Workcells for High Quality Machining 59<br />
Understanding a particular semantic dimension: how selecting the products<br />
for evaluation tests? 60<br />
Integrated product and process design for microproduct development via<br />
microforming 61<br />
A Procedure for Early Environmental Assessment of Industrial Products 62<br />
Solving an engineering problem in shipbuilding by Triz method 62<br />
IMAGE PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS 65<br />
Image Processing and Tactile Methodologies of a Navigation System for<br />
Visually Impaired People 66<br />
Automated dyeing of free-form leather patch edges: a Machine Vision based<br />
system 66<br />
Automatic image-based car profile character line recognition 67<br />
The detection of petroglyphs through digital image processing. The<br />
particular case of the stone inside the chapel of Saint Bartolomé (Lugo-<br />
Spain) 68<br />
Automatic alignment of multi-view range maps by optical stereo-tracking 69<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Automatic detection and tracking of planar markers in a stereo-vision<br />
system 70<br />
Fast Correction of Tiled Display Systems on Planar Surfaces 71<br />
Evolution of the Design and Decoration Processes of Ceramic Tiles 71<br />
REVERSE ENGINEERING 73<br />
Automation of the finishing process of steel yacht hulls based on optical<br />
scanning 74<br />
Construction of a geometric reference model for automatic non-ideality<br />
evaluation of an acquired high-density workpiece 75<br />
On the performance of several stereo calibration methods and models 76<br />
Computation of optimal acquisition viewpoints for the 3D optical inspection<br />
of mechanical components 76<br />
Experimental analysis for error compensation of laser scanner data 77<br />
New CAD/CAM process: an elaboration of the geometrical matrices of<br />
rosette 78<br />
SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES 81<br />
Numerical fatigue life evaluation of an innovative internal combustion<br />
engine shaft 82<br />
Development of a test machine for the tappet characterization 82<br />
An investigation on the validity of 3D clothing simulation for garment fit<br />
evaluation 83<br />
Simulating airport operations in a synthetic environment 84<br />
Design Of Simulation Experiments method for Injection Molding process<br />
optimization 85<br />
Virtual prototype development for comfort assessment of occupational<br />
footwear sole 86<br />
GEOMETRIC PRODUCT SPECIFICATION AND TOLERANCING 89<br />
An Extracting Points Strategy for Flatness Measurement on Components by<br />
means of CMM 91<br />
Integration of tolerances in the mechanical product process 91<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
The geometrical specification in concurrent product design 92<br />
Influence of form errors in plane surfaces assemblies 93<br />
Algorithm to calculate the Minkowski sums of 3-polytopes dedicated to<br />
tolerance analysis 93<br />
Experimental evaluation of convex difference surface for planar joint study 94<br />
Assembly analysis for spot-welded compliant assembly: Guidelines for<br />
formalizing the plasticity contribution to tolerance analysis 95<br />
Form errors estimation in free-form 2D and 3D geometries 96<br />
DESIGN METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 97<br />
Redesign of an auto-levelling base for submarine seismic sensor 98<br />
Measuring dynamical parameters for spherical objects: Application for<br />
sports training 99<br />
Structural and Topological Optimization in Robot Design 99<br />
Preliminary Design of a New Bridge System for a Modern Mine Hunter<br />
Vessel 100<br />
Study of the impact of a bomb on the side of a vessel and validation by<br />
comparing the original sheet with numerical simulation 101<br />
Mathematical modelling and simulation of an adjustable-stiffness spring 102<br />
Design of physical prototypes to analyze aerodynamic effects 102<br />
Design optimization based on eco-design and mechanical analysis 103<br />
Development of a trade-off function for robust optimization problems in<br />
design engineering 104<br />
Design of a device for stability control system, to decouple loads, for an<br />
optimised maintenance in hostile environment 105<br />
Design optimization: management of large solution spaces and<br />
optimization algorithm selection 106<br />
A CAD toolbox for Composite Materials Modelling and Drawing 107<br />
Improving Helicopter Flight Simulation with Rotor Vibrations 107<br />
Optimization by Particle Swarm Algorithms of an UAV performed by Hot<br />
Wire Cutting Techniques 108<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Decision support system to design autonomous microsystems 109<br />
3D CAD and multi-domain simulation integration for Energy Scavenger<br />
design 110<br />
ENGINEERING METHODS IN MEDICINE 111<br />
An integrated methodology for functional simulation of dental prosthesis 112<br />
Design of a new tibial intramedullary nail 113<br />
A Novel Method of Removing Artifacts in Dental CT Images 113<br />
3D facial symmetry evaluation from high-density scanned data 114<br />
Methods and tools dedicated to shoes customization for people with<br />
diabetes 115<br />
Structural analysis of a posterior stability total knee joint replacement 116<br />
Studying the influence of thread features in osseo-integrated implants 117<br />
Analysis and design of a thrombectomy device by using simulation<br />
techniques 118<br />
Innovative design of customized surgical devices for mandibular<br />
rehabilitation 119<br />
Analysis of TMJ replacement using a finite element model 120<br />
A CA system for RGP contact lens design 120<br />
Shape modeling and analysis of a human eye based on individual<br />
experimental data 121<br />
REPRESENTATION TECHNIQUES 123<br />
Main axonometric system related views as tilt of the coordinate planes 124<br />
Parameter Combinatorial Diagram. Application to the study and analysis of<br />
Hydrological Simulation Models. 124<br />
Heaven in the stone 125<br />
The CGI production in San Francesco’s church in Padova 126<br />
TEACHING PRODUCT DESIGN AND DRAWING HISTORY 127<br />
“Let's take a look to the project” 128<br />
Parametric Cad in the teaching of drawing for Mechanical Engineer 128<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
From Research to Sustainable Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Which<br />
Competences? 129<br />
Safety signage made easy using parametric CAD-based software 130<br />
Engineering designer curricula and creativity development 131<br />
Graphical formulary of statically determinate and indeterminate beams 131<br />
Leonardo’s Civil Bridges 132<br />
Improving a CAD tool to simplify the design process of electrical schematics<br />
oriented to industrial-machine control 133<br />
CAD, BIM, GIS and other tricks of the computer science in the education of<br />
the Building Engineer 134<br />
Teaching Methods for Concept Design and Prototyping 135<br />
Designing an interactive web manager applied to the development of spatial<br />
abilities 136<br />
Evolution of graphic representation applied to chemical engineering 137<br />
Use of an Open-Source PLM solution to improve teamwork performance in<br />
product design courses 138<br />
Teaching the rules of the space: the Olympic Theater in Sabbioneta 139<br />
SURVEYING, MAPPING AND GIS TECHNIQUES 141<br />
Virtual reconstruction of the door of the Apostles of the Insigne Collegiate<br />
Church of Santa María of Gandia Spain 142<br />
Landform of Alicante province by using GIS 142<br />
Survey and graphic interpretation of underground cellars 143<br />
Analysis of the geometry of nature. Particular case of traditional<br />
underground cellars 145<br />
The artesonado of the hunters' lounge. Palace of the infantado of<br />
guadalajara 146<br />
Architectural survey and Robotics: new frontiers in study, preservation and<br />
restoration of historical sites 147<br />
Hydrologic moment of a watershed area 148<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
A GIS approach to monitor territorial transformations: digital assessment of<br />
the cycle paths in Paestum 148<br />
BAECULA battle Geographic Information System 149<br />
Methodology for the metric restoration of the historical cartography<br />
applied to Francisco Coello´s cartografic series of the Royal Site of Aranjuez 150<br />
Determination of orthometric heights from LiDAR data 151<br />
Geometric processing of GeoEye-1 satellite imagery for coastal mapping<br />
applications 152<br />
Tomas Lopez’s Geographic Atlas of Spain (1787) and its Hydrographic<br />
Network: GIS analysis of the “Reyno de Jaen” 153<br />
Improvements in the determination of extrapolated shorelines using<br />
Elevation Gradient Trend Propagation method. 153<br />
Robust surface matching as a rapid technique for terrain change detection 155<br />
Portraits of lost and possible cities 156<br />
Registration and 3D virtual reconstruction of the old Carmen's Spa Park<br />
(Málaga) 157<br />
Elaboration of a GIS for the management of the new building of the<br />
engineering’s school 158<br />
Economic valuation Hornachuelos Natural Park (Córdoba, Spain), supported<br />
by Geographic Information Techniques 159<br />
Simulation and virtual approach: from architecture to landscape 159<br />
Methodology for highways network infrastructures´ design in the landscape 160<br />
INNOVATIVE METHODS IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 163<br />
Descriptive models and knowledge management. Experiences and<br />
Perspective 164<br />
Walking through history. A visionary project for the third-millenium perugia 164<br />
From Wayfinding to Waysharing: interaction/information/interactivity for<br />
existing hospitals 166<br />
Design time and time architecture 167<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
New materiality: digital fabrication and open form Notes on the<br />
Arbitrariness of Architectural Form and Parametric Design. 167<br />
New key factors in drawing up a building 168<br />
Architecture = Design? The increasingly strong link between 3D modeling<br />
and automated manufacturing 169<br />
Wayfinding on public spaces: the UPV case 170<br />
The drawings design realized by parametric computer systems 171<br />
Bioclimatic passive designs rural buildings 172<br />
Digital modelling and representations: Design and works by Riccardo<br />
Morandi and Sergio Musumeci 173<br />
Computer modeling to document architecture and for use in design<br />
prefiguration 173<br />
Computer modelling based on integrated survey techniques and to<br />
document architecture 174<br />
Digital Modeling in architectural analysis for training engineers to building<br />
design 175<br />
The digital model in the documentation of architectural elements 176<br />
List of Authors 177<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
KEYNOTE SPEAKERS<br />
Alain Bernard<br />
Title:<br />
Ecole Centrale de Nantes, France<br />
Virtual Engineering for Innovation<br />
Gabriel Defranco Universidad Nacional de la Plata - Facultad de Ingeniería -<br />
Cátedras Gráfica Para Ingeniería y<br />
Sistemas de Representación, Argentina<br />
Title:<br />
Innovative Methods in Industrial Engineering<br />
and Architectural Design<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
11<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
INDUSTRIAL DESIGN AND ERGONOMICS<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
13<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Industrial Design and Ergonomics<br />
Design Semantics:<br />
Even hybrid Motorcycles need to make noise<br />
M. Jaafarnia (a), A. Bass (b)<br />
(a) Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati<br />
(b) Art Center College of Design, Pasadena<br />
Abstract:<br />
This paper explores the need for artificial sound in high tech products. Changing one of<br />
the four sides of the semantic frame changes the meaning and emotional impact of that<br />
product. There is a relationship between the four sides of the semantic frame (aesthetic,<br />
physiologic, technical, economic) and the five senses (sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch).<br />
Replacing sound with sight, smell, taste or touch does compensate for the absence of<br />
sound. When high tech products, such as motorcycles, omit sound it confuses the<br />
consumer. This research was conducted in two stages: In the first stage the sample<br />
consisted of 490 people. In the second stage, 69 people participated. We based our study<br />
on questions, interviews and practical tests to determine how artificial sound or the lack<br />
of it in high tech products affects the emotional state of the consumer.<br />
Keywords: Emotion, semantics, high tech product, transportation, psychology<br />
Corresponding Author: Mohsen Jaafarnia<br />
Tel.: +91-361-2582802<br />
e-mail: mohsen@iitg.ernet.in<br />
Address: Department of Design, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India<br />
Tracing the Evolution of Automobile design:<br />
Factors influencing the development of aesthetics<br />
in automobiles from 1885 to the present<br />
M. Jaafarnia (a), A. Bass (b)<br />
(a) Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati<br />
(b) Art Center College of Design, Pasadena<br />
Abstract:<br />
Using selected well-known automakers, the influence of new technology, lifestyle and<br />
culture of automobile design has been mapped, starting from 1885 through present day.<br />
We have identified seven eras to date. The study of history often yields clues to the<br />
future. Influences such as fashion, makeup and missiles have shaped automobile design<br />
since manufacturing began. The evolution of the car has been driven by the desire to<br />
create a semantic frame for speed. Over time, changes in lifestyle and culture have<br />
changed the semantic meaning of the frame. This time line will help automobile designers<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Industrial Design and Ergonomics<br />
understand the markers that influenced the evolution of the automobile, and act as a tool<br />
to predict the future of car design.<br />
Keywords: Emotion, evolution, automobile form, aesthetics, transportation, car, semantic<br />
frame, history of the car<br />
Corresponding Author: Adele Bass<br />
Tel.: +1-11-626-3040306<br />
e-mail: abass@artcenter.edu<br />
Address: integrated Studies Department, Art Center College of Design, Pasadena, California, USA<br />
Application of graphic expression in the design of<br />
“New Rolling System for Horizontal Blinds” applied to doors<br />
I. Sentana (a), E. Sentana (a), M. López (a)<br />
(a) University of Alicante<br />
Abstract:<br />
The main objective of this research is to show the development of a new horizontal blind<br />
and to emphasize the interaction between:<br />
- The geometry and<br />
- The different area of science<br />
This project emphasised the importance of geometry in the design of prototypes for<br />
specific applications.<br />
In this study, geometry, physics and mechanics were intertwined, which culminated in a<br />
final design.<br />
Here, it was concluded, after the design stage, that the collection support in a slat blind<br />
with horizontal rolling needed an Archimedes spiral, where the route of the spiral is along<br />
the slat thickness, with as many turns as the width of the rolling element allows.<br />
At first, this approach seemed geometrically simple; however, there are other geometrical<br />
considerations: the rolling system must be automatic, the traction mode should be in<br />
parallel and the speed of the motor drive must be linear despite the variable, peripheral<br />
speed that occurs when the blinds are being rolled.<br />
Therefore, the objective was to not only highlight the final results, but also to<br />
demonstrate the importance of the geometry in the design of mechanical devices.<br />
The justification for the final geometry is a consequence of the premises stated in a<br />
previous study, which examined possible solutions based on the assumptions of a properly<br />
functioning system operating at an industrial level.<br />
These assumptions, defined along with the geometric considerations and the technical<br />
features, resulted in the final design.<br />
We define the geometric design and the technology characteristics that allow its<br />
manufacture.<br />
Keywords: Engineering design, Product design, Rolling blind<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
15<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Industrial Design and Ergonomics<br />
Corresponding Author: Irene Sentana<br />
Tel.: (+0034 965903654)<br />
e-mail: Irene.Sentana@ua.es<br />
Address: Department of Graphic Expression and Cartography. University of ALICANTE P.O. Box 99.<br />
03080, Alicante.<br />
Ergonomic design and analysis of a post in a stall<br />
R. Prádanos (a), J. M. Sanz (a), D. Gutiérrez (a), N. de la Puente (a), J. I. Rojas (b),<br />
M. Domínguez (c), M. del Mar Espinosa (c)<br />
(a) Universidad de Valladolid, Escuela de Ingenierías Industriales, Spain<br />
(b) Universidad de Jaén, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Spain<br />
(c) Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Escuela de Ingenieros Industriales, Spain.<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
The present work is a study of a street stall, which offers the public newspapers,<br />
magazines and books, as well as sweets, crisps, etc, and which has a very reduced space at<br />
its disposal for keeping and arranging goods.<br />
Method:<br />
We will apply the design for maximums and minimums based on percentiles. With these<br />
facts it was possible to model a stall with the CATIA system which has an ergonomic<br />
analysis module for the intended objectives.<br />
Result:<br />
The solution reduces muscular tension provoked by inadecuate positions.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
This implied a completely new distribution of the space inside the stall.<br />
Keywords: Sreet Stall, Ergonomics, CATIA, RULA<br />
Corresponding Author: Roberto Prádanos<br />
Tel.:+34-983-423-497<br />
Fax.:+983-184-514<br />
e-mail: pradanos@egi.uva.es<br />
Address:C/ Francisco Mendizábal, 1. CP: 47014 Valladolid. Spain<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
16<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Industrial Design and Ergonomics<br />
Evaluation of the Experiential Levels<br />
of CPGs (Consumer Packaged Goods) using 3D Modelling<br />
A. Serrano Tierz (a), R. Rebollar Rubio (a), I. Lidón López (a), A. Fernández Sora (a),<br />
F. Julián Pérez (b), F. J. Espinach Orús (b)<br />
(a) Department of Engineering Design and Manufacturing, University of Zaragoza, Spain<br />
(b) Department of Organization, Business Management and Product Design, University of Girona, Spain.<br />
Abstract:<br />
The design of packaging is a determining factor when choosing consumer packaged goods,<br />
particularly those considered to be impulse purchase products. In these cases it is useful<br />
to have a precise idea of which is the most suitable design for the image and values that<br />
the brands aim to convey.<br />
Most of the research conducted in this field focuses on the sensorial aspects transmitted<br />
by packaging without delving into the experiences associated with the perception or<br />
consumption of the product.<br />
The investigation presented in this article aims to analyse the influence of the form and<br />
colour of the packaging on the perception of potential consumers. For this purpose a<br />
questionnaire was designed with 29 areas that analyse both sensorial and experiential<br />
levels, relating them to the predisposition to buy a product.<br />
Some 400 people were interviewed and presented with 9 different proposals for chewing<br />
gum packaging. The designs were devised through combining three different forms and<br />
colours that were rendered through 3D modelling.<br />
Keywords: Packaging design, Experiential levels, 3D Modelling, Product perception, CPGs<br />
Corresponding Author: Ana Serrano<br />
Tel: 34 976 761 000<br />
Fax: 976 762 235<br />
e-mail:anatierz@unizar.es<br />
Address: María de Luna 3, Edif. Torres Quevedo.<br />
Office furniture design for wheelchair user<br />
F. J. Castillo (a), O. D. de Cózar (a), I. Ladrón de Guevara (a), J. Jiménez (a), E.B. Blázquez (a)<br />
(a) University of Málaga (Spain)<br />
Abstract:<br />
There are an estimated 1.19 million wheelchair users in Spain. People use wheelchairs for<br />
a variety of reasons, the most common one is paralysis from spinal cord injuries. Current<br />
estimates indicate there are around 504.000 people alive in Spain with spinal cord injuries.<br />
Among other reasons for using wheelchairs are: fatigue from multiple sclerosis, muscle<br />
weakness from muscular dystrophy, lower limb spasticity from cerebral palsy, and missing<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Industrial Design and Ergonomics<br />
limbs due to amputation. People who use wheelchairs may encounter a variety of<br />
obstacles at their workstations depending on their limitations. Some possible<br />
accommodations could be adjustable height desk or table for a person who cannot work<br />
comfortably at an existing desk, accessible filing system or office supplies, and frequently<br />
used materials on most accessible shelves or drawers for a person who cannot reach<br />
upper and lower shelves and drawers. This paper presents the graphical design of a<br />
workstation for wheelchair users, in this case, technical, anthropometric, ergonomic,<br />
aesthetics and scientists aspects have been analyzed. The design of composite structure<br />
conduct to explicit safety constraints applied to office furniture requirements kept<br />
continuously current and updated as part of innovation. Finally, results are showed in a<br />
three-dimensional model.<br />
Keywords: Computers graphics, Furniture design, Wheelchair users, Ergonomic<br />
Corresponding Author: E. Beatriz Blázquez<br />
Tel.:+34 951 952 282<br />
e-mail: ebeatriz@uma.es<br />
Address: Escuela de Ingenierías, C/Doctor Ortíz Ramos, s/n, 29071, Málaga (Spain)<br />
New comfort evaluation criteria:<br />
application on movie-theatre design<br />
N. Cappetti (a), C. D’Oria (a), A. Naddeo (a)<br />
(a) Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose: Authors have developed a new comfort evaluation criterion that improves the<br />
International Standard Evaluation criteria like OCRA, RULA, etc. adding new information<br />
coming from bio-mechanical parameters opportunely weighted. Authors wants to show<br />
how this method, originally developed for Industrial application, can be easily applied in<br />
most of postural comfort evaluations and how it can be used, for example, in movietheatres’<br />
design.<br />
Method:<br />
Developed criterion has been applied in order to evaluate not only the seat-comfort (the<br />
viewer’s comfort when seated) but also the viewer’s comfort during the screening of a<br />
movie; viewer postural comfort is heavily affected by the relative position (distance and<br />
angle) between the seat and the big-screen: developed method can take that into<br />
account!<br />
Result:<br />
Output of this work is a Design Method for mapping the movie theatre’s seats taking into<br />
account the postural comfort matter.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
This work allows to show how the developed method is easy to use and how important<br />
the preventive ergonomic evaluation is in all fields of engineering design.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
18<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Industrial Design and Ergonomics<br />
Keywords: Comfort Evaluation Criteria, Ergonomic, Design Methods, Movie-theatre<br />
design, Digital Human Modeling<br />
Corresponding Author: Alessandro Naddeo<br />
Tel.:+39 089 964061<br />
Fax.:+39 089 964037<br />
e-mail: anaddeo@unisa.it<br />
Address: Via Ponte don Melillo, 84048 Fisciano (SA), Italy<br />
Synthetic<br />
A. M. Manferdini (a), E. Manferdini (b)<br />
(a) Faculty of Architecture, University of Bologna, Italy<br />
(b) SCI-Arc Southern California Institute of Architecture, Los Angeles, USA<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
The aim of this paper is to show the results of a research whose aim is to investigate the<br />
potential of architectural surfaces to produce hyper-realistic effects through the invention<br />
of new breeds of artificial matter, using Nature and the observation of its micro-scale<br />
details as a field of investigation which is instrumental in analyzing and understanding its<br />
structure and behaviour.<br />
Method:<br />
The research started from the digital three-dimensional acquisition of case studies drawn<br />
from plant and animal kingdom that were chosen as significant in terms of shape<br />
complexity and of the levels of detail of their geometry. Physical 3D models have been<br />
built using artificial materials with the purpose to extend the potential of digital surfaces<br />
and experience new visual and tactile effects. Modulation of texture, relief and colours<br />
derived from 3D scanned materials were the primary design sources. CNC machines<br />
combined with various techniques of tooling, laser etching, casting, vacuum forming,<br />
painting, and finishing were employed to fabricate physical model of the digital 3d<br />
acquisitions. The research provided a continuous transition from digital reality to the<br />
physical one: through the whole process, both analogical and digital procedures were<br />
used as agents of comprehension and design innovation.<br />
Result:<br />
One of the challenges of this research was to test the possibilities of enlarging the<br />
dimensions of micro-scale details acquired using 3d laser scanners, without losing<br />
geometric detail. During the digital manipulation process, the quality of 3d models has<br />
constantly been compared to the required level of details provided by magnification of 2d<br />
images. In order to supply the lack of information due to laser scanner accuracy and<br />
resolution, reality-based models have been implemented using 3d modelling packages<br />
that allow adding the third dimension to 2d images. This improvement added hyperrealistic<br />
effects to digital models, with evident drawback upon the possibility of managing<br />
huge data sets, so that decimation procedures became necessary to overcome this aspect.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Industrial Design and Ergonomics<br />
In order to create new visual and tactile repertoire of synthetic materials, many different<br />
manufacturing methodologies and procedures have been tested, each one highlighting<br />
different characteristics and critical aspects.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
Although many technologies and methodologies to acquire and manipulate accurate 3d<br />
models are actually available and widespread, nowadays the best way to build realitybased<br />
3D models that contain a pre-defined level of detail is still a combination of<br />
different modeling techniques. In fact, as a single technique is not yet able to give<br />
satisfactory results in all situations, concerning high geometric accuracy, portability,<br />
flexibility as well as hyper-realism, so that image-based and range-based techniques are<br />
generally combined to fully exploit the intrinsic potentialities of each approach.<br />
Keywords: Micro-scale observations, 3d scanning, hyper-realism, uncanny effects,<br />
synthetic material<br />
Corresponding Author: Anna Maria Manferdini<br />
Tel.: +39.0547.338311<br />
Fax.: +39.0547.338307<br />
e-mail: am.manferdini@unibo.it<br />
Address: 55 Cavalcavia Street, 47023 Cesena, Italy<br />
Validation of a new index for seat comfort assessment<br />
based on objective and subjective measurements<br />
A. Lanzotti (a), M. Trotta (a), A. Vanacore (a)<br />
(a) University of Naples Federico II, Faculty of Engineering<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
This work aims at validating a new statistical index (Weighted Pressure Comfort Loss,<br />
WPCL) for seat comfort assessment. The validation is carried out by deepening the<br />
relationship between subjective comfort evaluations and objective measures of seat<br />
comfort and comparing, from an engineering standpoint, the new index with the pressure<br />
peak which is currently one of the most used indexes for seat comfort assessment.<br />
Method:<br />
In the experimental phase, 22 experimenters evaluated four office chairs, by using<br />
different evaluation scales and methods (rating, ranking, comfort degree). The subjective<br />
comfort perceptions were collected through questionnaires. At the same time, several<br />
objective parameters related to seat comfort were measured by using a capacitive mat. In<br />
order to select the objective comfort measures which are significantly associated to the<br />
perceived comfort, a logistic regression model was adopted.<br />
Result:<br />
The logistic regression model selected the peak pressure as a significant predictor of<br />
perceived comfort whereas, the hypothesis of absence of correlation between the<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
20<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Industrial Design and Ergonomics<br />
perceived comfort and the WPCL index cannot be rejected. However, from an engineering<br />
standpoint, the final seat rating evidences substantial coherence of peak pressure and<br />
WPCL index, showing not redundant results useful to design team for seat comfort<br />
improvement. Since results were strongly influenced by experimental conditions and<br />
anthropometric variability of the experimenters, further investigations should be carried<br />
out. On the basis of the first experiments, a refinement of the index and new test<br />
conditions could be investigated.<br />
Keywords: User centered design, Chair design, Comfort assessment, Comfort Loss, Ordinal<br />
logistic regression<br />
Corresponding Author: Antonio Lanzotti<br />
Tel.:+39-0817682506<br />
Fax.:+39-0817682187<br />
e-mail: antonio.lanzotti@unina.it<br />
Address: P. le Tecchio, 80, 80125, Naples (NA), Italy<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
21<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
VIRTUAL REALITY AND INTERACTIVE DESIGN<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
23<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Virtual Reality and Interactive Design<br />
Virtual acoustic environment interface<br />
for sound source localization training<br />
L. Dunai (a), B. Defez (a), V. Santiago Praderas (a), N. Ortigosa Araque (a), G. Peris Fajarnés (a)<br />
Centro de Investigación en Tecnologías Gráficas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia<br />
Abstract:<br />
In the paper, a virtual acoustic environment interface for sound source localization<br />
training is presented. It is shown that, by means of a 3D virtual environment and 3D sound<br />
sources, the subject is able to interact and learn to localize virtual sound sources. This can<br />
constitute the basis of a potential navigation device able to be used in the future by blind<br />
people.<br />
Many different interfaces have been developed for sound source localization; however,<br />
there are no virtual interfaces where the user can learn to localize spatial sound sources<br />
with great precision, through interactive virtual environments and stereo headphones.<br />
During these last decades, researchers worked hardly in the development of virtual<br />
auditory spaces. The idea of a virtual acoustic space is based on the fact that the acoustic<br />
sounds, which are presented to the listener through headphones, are perceived by him as<br />
coming from the free field. This phenomenon is also known as sound source lateralization.<br />
Since its beginnings, the development of virtual sounds has been mainly based on the<br />
linear system analysis in the frequency domain, with the Fourier Transform, named Head<br />
Related Transfer Function (HRTF). The sounds reproduced by headphones appear to be<br />
originated within the head. Due to the human hearing system, humans are able to<br />
externalize the head-originated sounds as if they were coming from the surrounding<br />
environment.<br />
Keywords: Virtual sounds<br />
Corresponding Author: Larisa Dunai<br />
e-mail: ladu@upv.es<br />
Address: Camino de Vera s/n, 8L, Valencia, 46022, Spain<br />
Augmented Reality integration in Product Development<br />
A. E. Uva (a), M. Fiorentino (a), G. Monno (a)<br />
(a) DIMeG, Politecnico di Bari<br />
Abstract:<br />
CAD data has grown in complexity while computer assisted tools must be improved in the<br />
following aspects: usability for non CAD experts, cooperation support, understanding of<br />
3D geometries and integration between real and virtual models.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Virtual Reality and Interactive Design<br />
We present a novel scenario for product development integration based on Augmented<br />
Reality. The main advantage of our approach is to add contextual information directly on<br />
the real industrial product or even on technical drawings. The users can interact with<br />
digital information through the physical environment for direct product digital data<br />
navigation and visualization.<br />
We validate the AR integrability in the product development process presenting some<br />
practical applications in critical phases as: (i) PLM data access, (ii) FEM simulation and<br />
visualization, (iii) collaborative review for design alternatives, (iv) quality inspection of<br />
manufactured geometries. We experienced significant improvement in the product<br />
development speed, increase in the collaboration potential and reduction of paper sheets<br />
in the product environment.<br />
Keywords: Augmented Reality, Product Development, FEM, Design review, Quality<br />
Inspection.<br />
Corresponding Author: Antonio E. Uva<br />
Tel.: +39 080 5962737<br />
Fax.: +39 080 5962777<br />
e-mail: a.uva@poliba.it<br />
Address: Viale Japigia 182 - 70126 - Bari, ITALY<br />
A method for systematic usability evaluation<br />
of interactive product interfaces<br />
M. Mengoni (a), S. Ceccacci (a), M. Peruzzini (a), M. Germani (a)<br />
(a) Polytechnic University of Marche, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Italy<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
The paper aims at defining a user-centred design method to develop interactive product<br />
interfaces that allows to stretch time to market and to reduce prototyping costs.<br />
Method:<br />
It consists in an experimental protocol to evaluate product interface usability and to<br />
correlate the achieved performance with its design features and attributes. It exploits low<br />
cost high-fidelity prototypes based on Augmented Reality techniques that allow users to<br />
interact with the Graphic User Interface and at the same time touch the object, explore its<br />
shape, the material it is realized to stimulate both cognitive and emotional response.<br />
Result:<br />
Experimental sessions have been carried out on a real industrial case that is the design of<br />
an interactive remote control device for bathtubs and showers. Time for the development<br />
of the final design solution halves because main usability errors have been detected at the<br />
early design stages and no iterative testing sessions have been carried out on the final<br />
physical prototype.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Virtual Reality and Interactive Design<br />
Conclusion provides some discussions of experimental results to highlight the<br />
effectiveness of the method to detect usability problems and support the definition of<br />
what to improve. Finally two research lines have been drawn to foster improvements in<br />
virtual prototyping for interactive design.<br />
Keywords: Interactive design, User-centred Design, Virtual Prototyping, Augmented<br />
Reality, Usability<br />
Corresponding Author: Maura Mengoni<br />
Tel. +39 071 2204969<br />
Fax. +39 071 2204801<br />
email: m.mengoni@univpm.it<br />
Address: via Brecce Bianche, polo Monte Dago, 60131 Ancona<br />
Dynamic Splines for interactive simulation<br />
of elastic beams in Augmented Reality<br />
P. P. Valentini (a), E. Pezzuti (a)<br />
(a) University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Mechanical Engineering - Rome, Italy<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
The purpose of the paper is to discuss a methodology for addressing the real-time<br />
accurate dynamics simulation of elastic beams using an interactive augmented reality<br />
environment.<br />
Method:<br />
The equations of motion of the elastic beams have been deduced using the dynamic spline<br />
theory. According to this approach, the degrees of freedom of the beam are described<br />
using control points coordinates. The model has been integrated in an augmented reality<br />
environment where the user can interact with the elastic element by using a mechatronic<br />
tracker.<br />
Result:<br />
The dynamic spline model has been successfully integrated in the augmented reality<br />
environment. This methodology allows to perform accurate interactive real-time<br />
simulations and to deal with large displacements as well.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
The implementation of dynamic spline theory reveals to be a valid formulation for<br />
simulation of the flexibility of one-dimension elements like beams. Due to the flexibility of<br />
the mathematical formulation, a small set of degrees of freedom is sufficient to simulate a<br />
very variable shape of the beam in order to take into account large displacement effects<br />
with accuracy. This feature is important for the integration in the augmented reality<br />
environment where the simulation has to be computed in real time.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
26<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Virtual Reality and Interactive Design<br />
Keywords: Dynamic splines, augmented reality, interactive simulation, real time<br />
simulation<br />
Corresponding Author: Pier Paolo Valentini<br />
Tel.:+390672597137<br />
Fax.:+39062021351<br />
e-mail: valentini@ing.uniroma2.it<br />
Address: University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Mechanical Engineering - via del<br />
Politecnico 1, 0013 - Rome, Italy<br />
A product innovation method<br />
based on the synergy between TRIZ and Interaction Design<br />
S. Filippi (a), D. Barattin (a)<br />
(a) DIEGM Dept., University of Udine - Udine - Italy<br />
Abstract:<br />
Modern industries operate under very selective conditions, as all the competitors develop<br />
efficient and effective products. For this reason, innovation is one of the main ways to<br />
lead the market. There are some methods and tools to analytically help designers towards<br />
the generation of new ideas. TRIZ is one of these methods. But all of this is not enough to<br />
generate a success product, because a fundamental actor is still underestimated, the final<br />
user of the product under development. To satisfy the user's requirements, designers and<br />
developers must keep into consideration also the Interaction Design methods.<br />
Unfortunately, these methods are not as structured as the TRIZ theory and very often it is<br />
very difficult to apply them in an effective way. For all of this, it appears quite reasonable<br />
to think about the development of innovative, easy-to-use products, as helped by a<br />
synergy between the Interaction Design and the TRIZ theories. After some highlights<br />
about analogies and differences of these two domains, this paper develops the basis for<br />
the generation of a new integrated analytical method able to suggest a collection of<br />
guidelines for the definition and implementation of engineering requirements. Then this<br />
method is described, and the summary of a case study performed to validate the method<br />
closes the paper.<br />
Keywords: Systematic Innovation, Interaction Design, TRIZ, Design for Multi-X, Product<br />
Design<br />
Corresponding Author: Stefano Filippi<br />
Tel.:+39 0432 558259<br />
Fax.:+39 0432 558251<br />
e-mail: filippi@uniud.it<br />
Address: Via delle Scienze, 208, 33100, Udine Italy<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
27<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Virtual Reality and Interactive Design<br />
Mixed prototyping environment<br />
with different video tracking techniques<br />
F. Bruno (a), A. Angilica (a), F. I. Cosco (a), M. L. Luchi (a), M. Muzzupappa (a)<br />
(a) Università della Calabria - Dipartimento di Meccanica - Rende (CS)<br />
Abstract:<br />
Mixed Prototyping has been recently proposed as an interesting design tool able to<br />
combine virtual and real objects, in order to allow both designers and final users to<br />
evaluate and assess multiple design choices. This paper describes a Mixed Reality<br />
environment that deals with several issues that usually arise in Mixed Prototyping: the<br />
reliable simulation of the product behaviour; the mutual occlusion between real and<br />
virtual objects; the interpretation of the user’s gesture while she/he is interacting with the<br />
elements of the product interface; the composition of virtual graphics within the real<br />
scene through a fast and robust tracking methodology. In particular we focus on the<br />
tracking methodology considering two different solutions based on fiducial markers and<br />
natural features, respectively. We have considered different scenarios of use, referring to<br />
four typologies of products. Each one presents its intrinsic challenges: small hand held<br />
products (e.g. mobile phones, remote controllers, etc.), medium sized products (e.g. small<br />
appliances), large interactive products (e.g. major appliances) and large non-interactive<br />
products (e.g. furnishings). We propose a comparative study that aims to identify the<br />
tracking system that better fits each application.<br />
Keywords: Mixed Prototyping, Augmented Prototyping, Mixed Reality, Video Tracking<br />
Corresponding Author: Fabio Bruno<br />
Tel.: +39 0984 494623<br />
Fax.:+39 0984 494673<br />
e-mail: f.bruno@unical.it<br />
Address: via P.Bucci 44/c 87036 Rende(CS)<br />
Augmented Reality: an innovative alternative<br />
for the collaborative design on construction’s projects<br />
M. Brodeschi (a), F. Patiño Cambeiro (a), I. Goicoechea Castaño (a),<br />
F. Patiño Barbeito (a), J. I. Prieto López (b)<br />
(a) Universidade de Vigo: Departamento de Diseño en la Ingeniería<br />
(b) Universidade da Coruña: Departamento de Proyectos Arquitectónicos<br />
Abstract:<br />
This paper presents a study of Augmented Reality as one of the most innovative imaging<br />
technologies in construction´s design process. Unlike virtual reality, AR allows to overlap<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
28<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Virtual Reality and Interactive Design<br />
the virtual image to the real world. Our proposal is to develop a document that acts as a<br />
User´s Manual of the building. The graphical data extracted from the AR experience<br />
provides the necessary information to compose a building´s data warehouse once it is<br />
finished.<br />
The AR approach allows the parties involved on a project team to use it as a bridge. It<br />
provides the integration and the information exchange in a concisely and accurately way.<br />
This dynamical communication allows each party to follow and participate of other<br />
relevant disciplines involved during the design process. The intention is to present a<br />
simulation that represents constructive elements of a finished building. We used an AR<br />
tool, three-dimensional modelling software and QR codes. Once those 3D´s models are<br />
available on the net, can be transported, displayed and updated. They are easily visualized<br />
by browsers of Augmented Reality through mobile devices (as they have a video camera,<br />
GPS and internet).<br />
Moreover there is a possibility that allow us to add a range of relevant information during<br />
the development of the project. We could mention: geographical coordinates, urban data<br />
volumes, solar energy studies, the relationship with the environment, access, simulation<br />
of materials, budget, etc.<br />
Simulations were developed on a real construction project to check the possibilities of the<br />
AR in a - remote/ synchronous or live/ asynchronous - context. This tool behaving as a<br />
CSCW has facilitated communication issues, the collaboration and the relationship of the<br />
parties.<br />
We also present the results of system´s experiment, showing the possibilities to enforce<br />
this technique and how it can be very helpful in supporting the building maintenance task.<br />
Keywords: Innovative tools, Augmented Reality, Integrated Design Process, Collaborative<br />
Design, Construction Industry<br />
Corresponding Author: Michelle Brodeschi<br />
Tel.: +34 986813668<br />
Fax.: +34 986813864<br />
e-mail: mbrodeschi@uvigo.es<br />
Address: Universidade de Vigo “Departamento de Diseño en la Ingeniería” Rúa Torrecedeira 86<br />
36208 VIGO - SPAIN<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
29<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
KNOWLEDGE BASED ENGINEERING<br />
AND PRODUCT DATA EXCHANGE AND MANAGEMENT<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
31<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Knowledge Based Engineering and Product Data Exchange and Management<br />
Digital document management<br />
in the conceptual design process of product<br />
T. Magal Royo (a), J. Gimenez López (a), F. Brusola Simón (a), I. Lengua Lengua (a), G. Peris Fajarnés (a)<br />
(a) Research Centre in Graphic Technologies, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain<br />
Abstract:<br />
This article confirms the rise of digital versus the analog document in documentary<br />
management related to the conceptualization and development of new industrial<br />
products. In the methodologies of design management and specifically in the conceptual<br />
stages and early development of an industrial product, we find that a fundamental part of<br />
the integral control is undoubtedly the documentation generated during the process<br />
creating a product. This documentation allows us to have before, during and after an<br />
informational descriptive "record" that should be stored consistently and efficiently by the<br />
organizations involved in its implementation, either the design professional who prepares<br />
it or the company who executes it.<br />
Today we can find numerous administrative, technical or formal documents associated<br />
with an industrial product able to define the traceability of it in time to allow for future<br />
improvements by the company and serve the designer as a check on author's own work.<br />
The existing documentation today's increasingly working more directly in digital media<br />
and its transmission over the Internet offers enormous possibilities to multidisciplinary<br />
teams located in different parts of the world that promote collaborative design in<br />
products.<br />
Therefore, there will be a list of the main existing types of digital documents and the<br />
technology applied in each case on-line transmission based on the different tasks involved<br />
in the conceptual process of industrial design to demonstrate its future importance.<br />
Keywords: Design, Product design, Management design, Collaborative design, Internet<br />
Corresponding Author: Teresa Magal-Royo<br />
Tel.: +34 963879518<br />
Fax.: +34 963879519<br />
e-mail: tmagal@degi.upv.es<br />
Address: Edificio 8L. Camino de Vera s/n. Valencia 46022 España<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
32<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Knowledge Based Engineering and Product Data Exchange and Management<br />
Towards a “high productive design methodology”<br />
dedicated to modular product design<br />
using a Knowledge Configuration approach<br />
A. Robert (a) (b), C. Vernier (a) (c), T. Boudouh (a), S. Roth (a), S. Gomes (a)<br />
(a) M3M Laboratory, UTBM, France<br />
(b) MABI Company, France<br />
(c) Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies Company, France<br />
Abstract:<br />
This paper presents a global methodology dedicated to modular product design based on<br />
capitalization of standard parametric parts, parameters and design rules, connected to the<br />
information management system of a company. This approach aims to develop and test a<br />
“high productive design methodology”, taking into account the modularity of product<br />
ranges and also the knowledge associated, in the framework of Design For Assembly<br />
methods (DFA). Our method takes into consideration the product functions, its assembly<br />
constraints and integrates the expert knowledge (parameters and rules) in the early stages<br />
of the design process. After a literature survey focused on modularity in design, axiomatic<br />
design, Design Structure Matrix and Knowledge Configuration Management concepts, we<br />
describe the main steps of our approach. The example of a pneumatic scraping tool is<br />
used to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed methodology. Through this modular<br />
product example, we describe and discuss the main results of our methodology<br />
considering our new concepts of Knowledge Configuration Management.<br />
Keywords: Product Lifecycle Management, Knowledge Based Engineering, Knowledge<br />
Configuration, Management, Modular design, Parametric modelling<br />
Corresponding Author: Aurélie Robert<br />
Aurélie ROBERT<br />
Tel.: 0384583521<br />
Fax.: 0384583207<br />
e-mail: aurelie.robert@utbm.fr<br />
Address: Laboratoire M3M - UTBM, rue du chateau, 90010 Belfort Cedex<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
33<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Knowledge Based Engineering and Product Data Exchange and Management<br />
Vertical metadata in learning objects<br />
to recovery the industrial historical heritage<br />
M. Castro-García (a), J. I. Rojas-Sola (a), Mª. P. Carranza-Cañadas (b)<br />
(a) Department of Engineering Graphics, Design and Projects. University of Jaen.<br />
(b) Department of Engineering Graphics and Geomatics. University of Cordoba.<br />
Abstract:<br />
Every day, new methods and techniques to represent the past are investigated.<br />
Frequently, those innovations are incorporated in other knowledge areas where graphics<br />
engineering has previous experience in this important subject. As current examples can be<br />
cited the reconstruction of Virtual Reality (VR) with realism character covering the<br />
resource and to study the interaction with their environment, anthropological or<br />
otherwise, or Augmented Reality (AR) techniques with applications in museums or<br />
interpretive centres, among others.<br />
In particular, these techniques are mainly based on two-dimensional (2D) and threedimensional<br />
(3D) models, which in its development stage, Computer-Aided Design (CAD)<br />
techniques produce a lot of educational materials, likely to be used for training of future<br />
researchers in cultural heritage subject.<br />
Setting this idea as starting point, this article is based on the work of recovery in industrial<br />
heritage, such as windmills, to identify key learning points. Once detected these, it is<br />
possible to create Learning Objects (LO). Later, may be used in any educational system, for<br />
example, at Learning Management System (LMS).<br />
The proper functioning of the system depends on the existence of a standard vocabulary<br />
as SCORM, trying to be a reference to the creation of LOs using CAD techniques in the field<br />
of cultural heritage.<br />
Keywords: E-Learning, Engineering Graphics, Learning Objects, Industrial Historical<br />
Heritage, Windmill<br />
Corresponding Author: José Ignacio Rojas Sola<br />
Tel.: +34-953-212452<br />
Fax.: +34-953-212334<br />
e-mail: jirojas@ujaen.es<br />
Address: University of Jaén. Campus de las Lagunillas, s/n. 23071-Jaén (Spain)<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
34<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Knowledge Based Engineering and Product Data Exchange and Management<br />
A proposal to incorporate<br />
the Value Analysis/Value Engineering techniques<br />
into a PLM system<br />
J. Cerqueiro (a), L. López (a), J. Pose (a)<br />
(a) Universidade de Vigo (Spain)<br />
Abstract:<br />
The aim of this paper is the development of a conceptual framework for the incorporation<br />
of the Value Analysis/Value Engineering techniques into a Product Lifecycle Management<br />
(PLM) system. This proposal would help to systematize the flow of knowledge and<br />
innovation, both internal and external, among all processes inside an industrial company,<br />
particularly those related to design and manufacturing. As a result of such incorporation,<br />
those techniques would contribute with their potential to a continuous improvement<br />
process of the company’s competitive position by means of increasing the ratio between<br />
the product’s quality as perceived by the customer and its cost.<br />
Keywords: Value Analysis, Value Engineering, PLM, Innovation, Design<br />
Corresponding Author: Jorge Cerqueiro<br />
Tel.: + 34 986 813676<br />
Fax.: + 34 986 813644<br />
e-mail: jcerquei@uvigo.es<br />
Address: C/ Torrecedeira, nº86, 36208 Vigo (Spain)<br />
LeanCost: knowledge-based tool<br />
for early product cost estimation<br />
M. Mandolini (a), P. Cicconi (a), M. Germani (a)<br />
(a) Università Politecnica delle Marche, Dipartimento di Meccanica<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
In a scenario characterized by high competitiveness, companies have to apply methods<br />
and tools in order to respond to the customer needs while maintaining a constant control<br />
on product cost. For this objective, product designer should evaluate different design<br />
alternatives by using criteria related not only to function but also to manufacturability and<br />
cost. The idea of the present approach is to provide designers with a Knowledge-Based<br />
(KB) tool (called LeanCost) that analyzes the product design information by using a<br />
manufacturing knowledge base in order to automatically obtain the estimation of<br />
manufacturing cost.<br />
Method:<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
35<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Knowledge Based Engineering and Product Data Exchange and Management<br />
The method proposed in this work originates from the concept that several company<br />
departments (product design, process engineering and purchasing) should base their<br />
activity on a shared cost model and a related cost estimation tool. The approach is<br />
schematised as a single cost estimation software, used in the three main phases of the<br />
product development process (design, industrialization and manufacturing). When this<br />
kind of software will deployed by a company, each designer will use a Knowledge-Based<br />
(KB) tool that analyzes the product design information by using a manufacturing<br />
knowledge base in order to automatically obtain the estimation of manufacturing cost.<br />
Result:<br />
In order to evaluate the reliability of this estimation software tool, it is relevant to gather<br />
experimental results and evaluate deviation between the standard cost and the estimated<br />
one. Standard cost is that one manually calculated by product engineering, while<br />
estimated cost is calculated by the designer using the estimation tool. Results analysis will<br />
provide useful information to improve the reliability of LeanCost, in terms of parameters<br />
and functions.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
The LeanCost software tool has been appreciated for its fast and ease of use on almost all<br />
the operations required to produce mechanical components, especially for carpentry and<br />
sheet metal operations. Improvements are related to the recognition of manufacturing<br />
features on 3D CAD models represented by neutral data formats, such as .STEP and . IGS.<br />
Keywords: Feature-based costing, Design to Cost, KBE, Lean product design<br />
Corresponding Author: Marco Mandolini<br />
Tel.: +39-071-2204797<br />
Fax.:+39-071-2204801<br />
e-mail: m.mandolini@univpm.it<br />
Address: Via Brecce Bianche, 12, Dipartimento di Meccanica, 60131 Ancona<br />
KBE approaches in preliminary design: a case study<br />
M. Caneri (a), G. Concheri (a), R. Meneghello (a), A. Baschiera (a)<br />
(a) DAUR – Laboratory of Design Tools and Methods in Industrial Engineering, University of Padova.<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
Purpose of this work is to summarize some possible improvements to the traditional<br />
parametric approach for virtual prototyping, by illustrating a particular application case:<br />
the preliminary design of a heat recovery system. Reference is made to the following<br />
scenario: conceptual design being accomplished, the team of designers has to face<br />
problems typical of system design, e.g. assigning a common value for variables to establish<br />
some guidelines, or evaluating alternative solutions. In such a case, a fast, flexible way to<br />
generate many versions of the same feature could be profitable.<br />
Method:<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
36<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Knowledge Based Engineering and Product Data Exchange and Management<br />
Fast evaluation of alternative solutions will be accomplished by using the knowledgebased<br />
capabilities of one of the most popular CAD platform, Catia V5. A simplified<br />
predictive model of the thermo fluid dynamic behavior of the heat recovery circuit, based<br />
on a computing worksheet, will be interfaced with the CAD by a project table: in this way,<br />
all the current values assigned to the degrees of freedom will be transmitted to the virtual<br />
prototype. The CAD model will be featured with some checks, rules and automatic<br />
procedures: hence, it’s possible to select all the configurations compatible with some<br />
imposed constraints, and save them in a new project table, to easily recall and transmit<br />
them to project partners.<br />
Result:<br />
Through the model it was possible to find, select and automatically reconstruct all the<br />
configurations (defined by combinations of values for degrees of freedom) compatible<br />
with the imposed constraints.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
The use of the knowledge base capabilities of the Catia V5 platform, and the interface<br />
with a scientific computing software by a project table, allowed the development of<br />
automatic procedures to evaluate the alternative configurations of a heat recovery system<br />
and check their compatibility with specific requirements.<br />
Keywords: KBE, Preliminary Design, Micro-cogeneration, Catia V5, Project table.<br />
Corresponding Author: Massimiliano Caneri<br />
Tel.: +39 049 8276734<br />
e-mail: massimiliano.caneri@studenti.unipd.it<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
37<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
GEOMETRIC MODELLING AND ANALYSIS<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
39<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Geometric Modelling and Analysis<br />
Parametric Modeling of Free-Form Surfaces<br />
for Progressive Addition Lens<br />
G. Savio (a), G. Concheri (a), R. Meneghello (a)<br />
(a) DAUR - Laboratory of Design Tools and Methods in Industrial Engineering, University of Padova<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose: By the mid-40s, the amplitude of accommodation has declined sufficiently so<br />
that most of us can no longer accommodate clearly and comfortably for close tasks. This<br />
condition, called presbyopia, is related to the growth of the lens.<br />
Nowadays, due to the development of the free-form technologies, the progressive<br />
addition lenses (PAL) are the best solution for the presbyopia. To obtain the necessary<br />
optical properties, a continuous change in the curvature along a line (called corridor) must<br />
be provided on a surface of the lens (progressive surface).<br />
Method: In this work a method for the parametric design and analysis of progressive<br />
addition lens, based on discrete shape modeling, is proposed. Both the optical (e.g. power<br />
and addition) and the geometrical (e.g. inset, corridor length, amplitude of the distance<br />
and near vision area) parameters have been taken into account.<br />
Result: Different parameters are assessed in the design stage of PAL. The method<br />
developed for the analysis of surface optical properties, especially with regard to the<br />
astigmatic surface power, has proved an essential tool for the analysis of results. A key<br />
role in the resultant optical properties of the designed PAL is covered by the distribution<br />
of the curves in the intermediate area and by the curvature equation along the corridor.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion: The free-form technologies, recently introduced in the<br />
manufacturing process of ophthalmic lenses, allow the production of high performance<br />
and custom PALs. Surface power and astigmatic surface power show similar behaviour to<br />
other commercial progressive additional lens but, in addition, the designer can define the<br />
distribution of astigmatism in the intermediate region. Compared to the methods<br />
proposed in literature, this method shows more opportunities in the design parameters<br />
definition and allows highly customized lens, designed on the main habits of the wearer.<br />
Moreover the exchange data formats for the CNC manufacturing process were described.<br />
Keywords: Umbilics, Curvature, Free-Form Surface, Geometric Modeling, Progressive<br />
Addition Lens PAL.<br />
Corresponding Author: Gianpaolo Savio<br />
Tel.: +39 049 827 6735<br />
Fax.: +39 049 827 6738<br />
e-mail: gianpaolo.savio@unipd.it<br />
Address: via Venezia 1, 35131, Padova, Italy<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
40<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Geometric Modelling and Analysis<br />
A fast algorithm for manifold reconstruction of surfaces<br />
L. Di Angelo (a), L. Giaccari (a)<br />
(a) Department of Industrial Engineering, University of L’Aquila, Italy<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
In a previous paper these authors presented a new mesh-growing approach based on the<br />
Gabriel 2 – Simplex (G2S) criterion. If compared with the Cocone family and the Ball<br />
Pivoting methods, G2S demonstrated to be competitive in terms of tessellation rate,<br />
quality of the generated triangles and defectiveness produced when the surface to be<br />
reconstructed was locally flat. Nonetheless, its major limitation was that, in the presence<br />
of a mesh which was locally non – flat or which was not sufficiently sampled, the method<br />
was less robust and holes and non – manifold vertices were generated. In order to<br />
overcome these limitations, in this paper, the performance of the G2S mesh-growing<br />
method is fully improved in terms of robustness.<br />
Method:<br />
For this purpose, an original priority queue for the driving of the front growth and a post<br />
processing to efficiently erase the non–manifold vertices are proposed.<br />
Result:<br />
The performance of the new version of the G2S approach has been compared with that of<br />
the old one, and that of the Cocone family and the Ball Pivoting methods in the<br />
tessellation of some benchmark point clouds and artificially noised test cases. The results<br />
derived from these experiments show that the improvements being proposed and<br />
implemented prevent the generation of non–manifold vertices and render the new<br />
version more robust than the old one. This performance improvement is achieved by a<br />
small reduction of the tessellation rate as opposed to the old version; the rate is still,<br />
however, at least an order of magnitude higher than the other methods here considered<br />
(the Cocone family and the Ball Pivoting methods).<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
The results obtained show that the use of the new version of G2S is advantageous, as<br />
opposed to the other methods here considered, even in the case of noised point clouds. In<br />
fact, since it does not perform the smoothing of points, not even in the presence of very<br />
noised meshes, the new version of G2S, while producing more holes than the Robust<br />
Cocone and the Ball Pivoting, nonetheless manages to preserve the manifoldness and<br />
important details of the object.<br />
Keywords: Surface reconstruction, triangular meshes, reverse engineering.<br />
Corresponding Author: Luca Di Angelo<br />
Tel: 00390862434310<br />
e-mail: luca.diangelo @univaq.it<br />
Address: Via G. Gronchi 18, L’Aquila, Italy<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
41<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Geometric Modelling and Analysis<br />
Modeling methods in parametric design. Order matrix<br />
J. López Soto (a,b,d); P. R. López Para (a,c,d); J. L. Caro Rodríguez (a,b,d)<br />
(a) Industrial Technical Engineering School of Bilbao<br />
(b) Graphic Expression and Engineering Projects department.<br />
(c) Mechanical Engineering department<br />
(d) Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea. University of the Basque Country<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
This paper is the result of a project to improve methods of digitization through parametric<br />
CAD software.<br />
Method:<br />
Geometric relations are one of the most repeated problems in digitization models.<br />
Therefore, it was proposed a tool to help manage the work of establishing the necessary<br />
relationships in models digitization. It is based on doing, previously, a Functional Analysis<br />
and a Geometric Analysis of the model. (López Soto et al. "Analysis of modeling methods<br />
in parametric design. Analysis of Geometric Relations." XXI International Congress of<br />
Graphics Engineering. Lugo, Spain, 2009).<br />
The purpose of this paper is a protocol which gathers all the results obtained after<br />
applying the previous analysis. Thus, the information condenses into a single document<br />
the Model Analysis.<br />
Result:<br />
This protocol of analysis would be a prelude to the implementation of the model with CAD<br />
software. It lets you define, and sequencing, the primitive geometric components and<br />
order to achieve maximum independence.<br />
The tool consists on a matrix that relates the geometry of the part with the CAD software<br />
operations, resulting in a highly graphical and intuitive tool. It shows the process of<br />
digitization to get a quality model.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
The Model Analysis involves a time of preparation of the steps to digitization a part. This<br />
extra time is compensated by a greater time savings in subsequent interpretations and<br />
model reuse.<br />
Of course, the Model Analysis should be independent of the CAD software used in its<br />
implementation. Once the analysis is completed it shall proceed to elect the best CAD<br />
software to continue the design process.<br />
The activity of designing objects requires many revisions and updates of its parts. To<br />
succeed, we must be systematic and give utmost importance to detail from the beginning<br />
to the end of the design activity.<br />
Therefore, it is essential to perform a detailed Model Analysis for the modeling process,<br />
but software developers announced that all applications can be modified without<br />
unexpected changes arise.<br />
Keywords: Parametric CAD, Geometric Relationships, Geometric Analysis.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
42<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Geometric Modelling and Analysis<br />
Corresponding Author: Jaime López Soto<br />
Tel.: +34 946014314<br />
Fax.: +34 946014300<br />
e-mail: jaime.lopez@ehu.es<br />
Address: E.U.I.T.I. Bilbao. Plaza La Casilla 3. 48012 Bilbao. Spain.<br />
A parametric associative modelling<br />
of aeronautical structural concepts<br />
under C0, C1 or C2 continuity constraints<br />
V. Dattoma, M. De Giorgi, S. Giancane, P. Manco, A. E. Morabito (a)<br />
(a) Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Innovazione - Università del Salento – Lecce, Italy<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
In this paper, an associative-parametric approach is proposed in order to model the mesh<br />
of an aeronautical concept starting from a set of high-level structural primitives. To assure<br />
orders of continuity higher than C0 between adjacent instances, a suitable mathematical<br />
description of the structural primitives has been identified. The maintenance of the<br />
continuity constraints must be assured when the mesh is modified.<br />
Method:<br />
The Bézier curve and the Coons surface patch, with a suitable degree, are used in order to<br />
assure orders of continuity higher than C0 in the connection points or edges. Appropriate<br />
schemes of dependences are identified to assure the automatic propagation of the<br />
modifications complying with the continuity constraints.<br />
Result:<br />
The approach here proposed allows the designer to carry out the geometric modelling and<br />
the automatic mesh generation within one software environment in a fast and interactive<br />
way and complying with the geometric continuity constraints and the one-to-one<br />
correspondence between the mesh elements. This represents evidently a large advantage<br />
since the structural optimization process is simplified, with a relevant man-hours saving. A<br />
lower number of data transfers between different software is, moreover, involved with<br />
less problems related to the data corruption. Finally low conceptual value operations, due<br />
to manual correction activity of the model, are eliminated.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
The methodology here proposed allows the automatic propagation of modifications<br />
satisfying the geometric continuity constraints and the one-to-one correspondence<br />
between the mesh elements. The approach is implemented into a CAD/CAE tool, called<br />
MeshFEM and developed using C++ and Matlab languages and the VTK library for the 3D<br />
graphic visualization.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
43<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Geometric Modelling and Analysis<br />
Keywords: design conceptualisation, aeronautic structures, primitives, quad-mapped<br />
mesh, CAD/CAE tool.<br />
Corresponding Author: Marta De Giorgi<br />
Tel.: +39(0)832297776<br />
Fax.: +39(0)832297768<br />
e-mail: marta.degiorgi@unisalento.it<br />
Address: via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy.<br />
Geometric modelling of metallic foams<br />
A. Carofalo, M. De Giorgi, A. E. Morabito, R. Nobile<br />
Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Innovazione - Università del Salento – Lecce, Italy<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
The aim of this work is the development of a procedure able to model the highly irregular<br />
cellular structure of metallic foams on the basis of information obtained by X-ray<br />
tomographic analysis.<br />
Method:<br />
The geometric modelling is based on the feature “pore” characterized by an ellipsoidal<br />
shape. The data for the geometric parameters of the instances are obtained with a<br />
methodology which is driven by the pore volume distribution curve. This curve shows how<br />
much the cells, whose diameter belongs to a given dimensional range, contribute to the<br />
reduction of the total volume.<br />
Result.<br />
The presented methodology has been implemented into a CAD tool consisting of a Matlab<br />
routine identifying the instances of the feature “pore” and a CATIA’s macro modelling the<br />
closed cells foam.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
The CAD model developed for two types of closed cells foams approximates by<br />
considerable accuracy both the density and the volume distribution of the real foams.<br />
Keywords: Aluminium foam, Microstructural model, CAD modelling, OBB overlapping, X-<br />
ray tomography<br />
Corresponding Author: Alessio Carofalo<br />
Tel.: +39(0)832297786<br />
Fax.: +39(0)832297768<br />
e-mail: alessio.carofalo@unisalento.it<br />
Address: via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
44<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Geometric Modelling and Analysis<br />
Development of an algorithm<br />
for a triangular approach to the sphere<br />
based on the Platonic solids using MATLAB scripts.<br />
M. Heredia Conde (a), M. Pérez Vázquez (a), J. M. Gomis Martí (b)<br />
(a) University of Vigo - Spain<br />
(c) Polytechnic University of Valencia - Spain<br />
Abstract:<br />
The sphere is a common object in uncountable engineering problems, which not only<br />
appears in structural elements like domes but also in thousands of mechanisms normally<br />
used in diverse kinds of machines. To design, calculate and analyze the behaviour on<br />
service of spherical elements it’s essential to have a good method to create an ordered<br />
group of discrete points of the spherical surface from the parametric equations commonly<br />
used to define the sphere continuously.<br />
One of the best known and widely used in high-level programming environment is<br />
MATLAB. The programming language has thousands of functions, lots of them specially<br />
designed for engineering processes. One of these functions generates a sphere knowing a<br />
given radius and shows the result. Nevertheless, this function is really imprecise because<br />
it’s based on parallels and meridians besides the obtained vertices don’t keep a constant<br />
distance each other. That because it would be appropriate to design a new function to<br />
generate accurate discrete approximations of the sphere.<br />
The objective of this paper is create a low-level function in MATLAB to obtain a discrete<br />
sphere with high regularity and high approximation in order to provide a good base to<br />
solve sphere-based engineering problems. To ensure a perfect symmetry and a high<br />
regularity platonic bodies will be used as a base to divide the continuous spherical surface<br />
in a finite number of regular triangles. The obtained results for the different seed bodies<br />
will be represented graphically and compared to each other. The accuracy of each method<br />
will be evaluated and compared too.<br />
Keywords: Sphere, Triangular approach, Platonic bodies, MatLab.<br />
Corresponding Author: Manuel Pérez Vázquez<br />
Tel.: +34 677689233<br />
Fax.:+34 986812201<br />
e-mail: maperez@uvigo.es<br />
36201 Vigo (Pontevedra) SPAIN.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
45<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Geometric Modelling and Analysis<br />
Shape optimization of smooth surfaces with arbitrary topology<br />
P. Kiciak (a)<br />
(a) Institut Matematyki Stosowanej i Mechaniki, Uniwersytet Warszawski<br />
Abstract:<br />
A popular method of constructing a smooth surface with arbitrary topology is choosing an<br />
irregular mesh and applying iteratively the Catmull-Clark algorithm. The sequence of<br />
meshes obtained in this way converges to a surface, whose curvature is continuous,<br />
except in a vicinity of special mesh elements; apart from the curvature discontinuity there,<br />
the limiting surface exhibits undesirable undulations, visible on curvature images.<br />
In this paper a shape optimization method is described, modifying vertices of the mesh to<br />
produce a surface with the curvature continuous and the undulations significantly<br />
reduced.<br />
Keywords: B-spline surfaces, Curvature continuity, Shape optimization<br />
Corresponding Author: Przemysław Kiciak<br />
Tel.: +48 22 55 44 501<br />
e-mail: przemek@mimuw.edu.pl<br />
Address: Institut Matematyki Stosowanej i Mechaniki, Uniwersytet Warszawski, ul. Banacha 2, 02-<br />
097 Warszawa, Poland.<br />
Characteristics of conic segments in Bézier form<br />
J. Sánchez Reyes (a)<br />
(a) IMACI, ETS Ingenieros Industriales de Ciudad Real. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (Spain)<br />
Abstract:<br />
The rational Bézier form has become a standard in CAD-CAM packages and data exchange<br />
formats, because it encompasses both conic segments (in the quadratic case) and general<br />
free-form geometry. We present several results on the relationship between the quadratic<br />
rational Bézier form and the classical definition of conics in terms of their characteristics,<br />
such as foci, centre, axis and eccentricity. First, we recall a simple geometric procedure to<br />
compute arbitrary conic segments of given focus in Bézier form. Second, from this<br />
procedure we derive the geometric characteristics of a given Bézier conic in a<br />
straightforward manner, by employing complex arithmetic. For a central conic, a simple<br />
quadratic equation defines the foci location, and its solution furnishes not only an explicit<br />
formula for the foci, but also for the centre, axis direction and linear eccentricity.<br />
Keywords: rational Bézier, conic, focus, axis, eccentricity<br />
Corresponding Author: Javier Sánchez Reyes<br />
Tel.: +34 926-295463<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
46<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Geometric Modelling and Analysis<br />
Fax.:+34 926-295361<br />
mail: Javier.SanchezReyes@uclm.es<br />
Address: ETSII, 13071 Ciudad Real.<br />
Constrained fitting of B-Spline curves<br />
based on the Force Density Method<br />
L. Barbieri (a), F. Bruno (a), M. Muzzupappa (a), J. P. Pernot (b)<br />
(a) University of Calabria, Rende, Italy<br />
(b) LSIS, UMR CNRS 6168, Aix-en-Provence, France<br />
Abstract:<br />
This paper presents a novel ap-proach for constrained B-Spline curve approximation based<br />
on the Force Density Method (FDM). This approach aims to define a flexible technique<br />
tool for curve fitting, which allows approximating a set of points taking into account shape<br />
constraints that may be related to the production process, to the material or to other<br />
technological requirements.<br />
After a brief introduction on the property of the FDM and the definition of the network<br />
used for the formulation of the fitting problem, the paper explains in detail the<br />
mathematical approach, the methods and the techniques adopted for the definition of the<br />
proposed constrained B-Spline curve approximation.<br />
The results suggest that the adoption of a mechanical model of bar networks allows<br />
developing a more flexible tool than the traditional least squared methods (LSM) usually<br />
adopted for fitting problems. Numerical examples show that the new approach is effective<br />
in fitting problems when the satisfaction of shape constraints, such as those related to<br />
production or to technological processes, are required.<br />
Keywords: B-Spline curve, Constrained fitting, Force Density Method.<br />
Corresponding Author: Loris Barbieri<br />
Tel.: +390984494667<br />
Fax.: +390984494663<br />
e-mail: loris.barbieri@unical.it<br />
Address:Arcavacata di Rende (CS) ponte P.Bucci, cubo 45C.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
47<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
INTEGRATED PRODUCT AND PROCESS DESIGN<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
49<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Integrated Product and Process Design<br />
Influence of geometrical characteristics<br />
on eco-designed products<br />
R. Gaha (a), A. Benamara (a), B. Yannou (b)<br />
(a) LGM, ENIM, Tunisie.<br />
(b) LGI, ECP, France.<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
Our work consists on helping the designer to create eco-designed product and allow the<br />
industry to still present in the market by respecting new established ecological laws.<br />
Method:<br />
In this paper we are focused on searching a simple ecological tool to the designer which is<br />
inspirited from researchers done to couple Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Life Cycle<br />
Assessment (LCA) tools.<br />
Result:<br />
As a result we proposed a framework which consists firstly on a special geometric data<br />
base (D.B) containing the impact of all existing solutions in a given industry. Secondly, it<br />
consists on a macro applied to CAD and LCA tools which can calculate the impact of a new<br />
geometrical solution and adds it to the data base (D.B).<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
The need of ecological tools used on the design phase by a designer non expert in terms of<br />
environnement is still exists. In our work we tried to exploit existing geometrical solution<br />
environnemently evaluated to reduce the time of choosing the most ecological solution<br />
from used solution in industry and giving the possibility of new evaluation in case of a new<br />
one. This is done because the influence of geometry on the whole life cycle product. Our<br />
framework can be applied to each industry but the numeric tool is not yet developed; this<br />
can be the aim of a future work.<br />
Keywords: Eco-design, CAD, LCA, Geometric characteristics, Eco-product.<br />
Corresponding Author: Raoudha Gaha<br />
Tel.:+216 25 66 85 11<br />
e-mail:raoudha.gaha@gmail.com<br />
Address: LGM, ENIM Rue Ibn Aljazzar Monastir Tunisie.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
50<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Integrated Product and Process Design<br />
A computer tool to extract feasible assembly sequences<br />
from a product CAD model, in automated way<br />
R. Viganò (a), G. Osorio-Gomez (b)<br />
(a) Mechanical Engineering Department. Politecnico di Milano - Italy<br />
(b) Design Engineering Research Group. EAFIT University - Colombia<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
Justify the capability to obtain feasible assembly sequences through an automatic<br />
approach based only on contact and interference information between components of a<br />
mechanical discrete product, independently of adopted virtual modelling techniques and<br />
human intervention.<br />
Method:<br />
Analysis of assembly information available at early stages of design in virtual model of a<br />
product in order to identify reliable information to be used in a systematic methodology<br />
based on identification and evaluation of subassemblies.<br />
Result:<br />
Methodology and computer tool to automatically extract possible assembly sequences for<br />
mechanical discrete products, starting from topological contact information between<br />
components, and guaranteeing at least one feasible solution.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
Results show that this approach allows obtaining automatically a lower finite number of<br />
assembly sequences than theoretical approaches with human intervention, in a faster way<br />
to be implemented at early stages of design using virtual model<br />
Keywords: Assembly Sequence Planning, Automatic approach, Assembly modelling.<br />
Corresponding Author: Roberto Viganò<br />
Tel.: +39 0223998217<br />
Fax.: +39 0223998202<br />
e-mail: roberto.vigano@polimi.it<br />
Address: Via G. La Masa, 1 – 20156 Milano (Italy)<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
51<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Integrated Product and Process Design<br />
Adaptation and implementation<br />
of a process of innovation and design within a SME<br />
A. A. Ammar (a), D. Scaravetti (a), J. P. Nadeau (a)<br />
(a) Arts & Métiers ParisTech, I2M - IMC dpt., France<br />
Abstract:<br />
A design process is a sequence of design phases, starting with the design requirement and<br />
leading to a definition of one or several system architectures. For every design phase,<br />
various support tools and resolution methods are proposed in the literature. These tools<br />
are however very difficult to implement in an SME, which may often lack resources.<br />
In this article we propose a complete design process for new manufacturing techniques,<br />
based on creativity and knowledge re-use in searching for technical solutions. Conscious of<br />
the difficulties of appropriation in SME, for every phase of our design process we propose<br />
resolution tools which are adapted to the context of a small firm. Design knowledge has<br />
been capitalized in a knowledge base. The knowledge structuring we propose is based on<br />
functional logic and the design process too is based on the functional decomposition of<br />
the system, and integrates the simplification of the system architecture, from the early<br />
phases of the process. For this purpose, aggregation phases and embodiment are<br />
proposed and guided by heuristics.<br />
Keywords: Innovation, Design, SME, Functional bases<br />
Corresponding Author: Adel Amin AMMAR<br />
E-mail: adelaminammar@yahoo.fr<br />
Address: Arts & Métiers ParisTech, Esplanade des Arts et Métiers, 33400 Talence - France.<br />
Design for recycling problematic:<br />
application to composite parts<br />
P. Nicolas (a), K. François Xavier (a), P. Stephane (a), M. Olivier (a)<br />
(a) I2M – UMR 5295 - Bordeaux University<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
The use of composites in industry is ever- increasing. However, in spite of that, end of life<br />
solutions for composites are still under development. In this paper, a solution linking<br />
design strategies with a recycling process for composite materials will be proposed. The<br />
needs and multi-disciplinary skills required for taking recycling possibilities into account in<br />
the early stages of product design and the necessity to standardize product recycling<br />
capabilities based on design requirements will be discussed.<br />
Result:<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
52<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Integrated Product and Process Design<br />
The paper highlights the need for designers to take a functional approach including<br />
characterization of materials and mechanical behaviour, recycling process limits,<br />
constraints and opportunities into consideration. The recovery solution for the thermoset<br />
composite is a supercritical water solvolysis process. This paper will show the first lessons<br />
learned from experiments with this technique.<br />
Keywords: Design for recycling, Eco-design, Composite recycling, Design for environment,<br />
Composites characterisation<br />
Corresponding Author: Perry Nicolas<br />
Tel.: (+33) 05 56 84 79 78<br />
e-mail: nicolas.perry@u-bordeaux1.fr<br />
Address: I2M – IUT 15 rue Naudet 33175 Gradignan - France.<br />
A novel tool for pneumatic spindle design<br />
M. Carfagni (a), R. Furferi (a), Y. Volpe (a)<br />
(a) Dipartimento di Meccanica e Tecnologie Industriali, Università degli Studi di Firenze<br />
Abstract:<br />
Pneumatic spindles have been introduced in a wide range of industrial applications. In<br />
fact, air motors offer a cost effective alternative to conventional electric devices and often<br />
remarkable functional improvements.<br />
In spite of their growing diffusion, air motor design is still performed mainly according to<br />
companies’ expertise, usually building a number of prototypes until the desired<br />
torque/speed (or power/speed) curve is obtained.<br />
The aim of this work is to provide a predictive model capable of estimating the<br />
characteristic curves by setting a set of air motor geometrical characteristics and inlet air<br />
pressure, in order to reduce the number of prototypes to be built.<br />
The presented study has been carried out with reference to vane motor, generally suitable<br />
for applications requiring high operating speeds. A statistical experimental approach<br />
(based on DoE technique) has been used in order to derive a mathematical-empirical<br />
model relating the geometrical and fluid-dynamic parameters with the system "response".<br />
The geometric parameters, defining the shape of the spindle, have been successively used<br />
to create a parametric CAD model with the corresponding technical drawings.<br />
The developed methodology, tested on a series of prototypes, proved to be effective in<br />
forecasting the characteristic curves of vane type air motor; moreover, due to the<br />
extremely low computational cost, it allows to assess a large number of design<br />
alternatives and to select the one best fitting the design target.<br />
Keywords: Spindle design, air motor, parametric modeling, Design of Experiment<br />
Corresponding Author: Yary Volpe<br />
Tel.: +39-554796396<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
53<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Integrated Product and Process Design<br />
Fax.: +39-554796700<br />
e-mail: yary.volpe@unifi.it<br />
Address: via di Santa Marta, 3, 50139 Firenze.<br />
A novel method for sensitivity analysis and characterization<br />
in integrated engineering design<br />
A. O. Andrisano (a), M. Ansaloni (a), F. Leali (a), M. Pellicciari (a), A. Vergnano (a)<br />
(a) Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering – University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (Italy)<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
The present research work aims to analyze and characterize processes in terms of<br />
sensitivity of their performances. Robust design techniques, generally adopted for product<br />
and process optimization, are not suited for investigating sensitivity. Then a novel<br />
approach to such engineering problem needs to be proposed.<br />
Method:<br />
The developed method integrates and extends to the analysis of manufacturing and<br />
technological processes the Performance Sensitivity Distribution (PSD) theory, primarily<br />
introduced to provide analytical and geometric description of performance sensitivity for<br />
robotic mechanisms.<br />
Result:<br />
Such novel method, named Specialized PSD, starts from the clarification of the sensitivity<br />
analysis problem by defining key parameters, i.e. Design Variables (DVs), Design<br />
Parameters (DPs) and Performance Functions (PFs). According to the PSD theory, PF<br />
sensitivity is expressed in terms of deviations of DVs and DPs and it is geometrically<br />
described by a hyperellipsoid in the n-dimensional space. Sensitivity indexes are then<br />
introduced to assess PF variation for different combinations of DVs and DPs deviations.<br />
Regression Analysis is adopted to provide the mathematical description of PFs so the PSD<br />
theory is finally specialized to be applied in a process sensitivity analysis. Injection molding<br />
of a plastic specimen is finally investigated to validate the proposed method.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
This work specialize the PSD theory for manufacturing and technological processes,<br />
extending its original field of application thanks to a novel approach to the analytical<br />
expression of the PFs. Moreover, when 2 or 3 parameters are considered, sensitivity<br />
indexes are graphically represented through tolerance maps of colour, so the method can<br />
be easily adopt for integrated design, especially in the early stage of product and process<br />
development.<br />
Keywords: Robust Design, Engineering Process, Performance Sensitivity, Sensitivity Maps<br />
Corresponding Author: Matteo Ansaloni<br />
Tel.: +390592056278<br />
Fax.: +390592056126<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
54<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Integrated Product and Process Design<br />
e-mail: matteo.ansaloni@unimore.it<br />
Address: via Vignolese, 905/B – 41125, Modena (Italy).<br />
Analysis tool of the management<br />
of integrated systems of implementation<br />
in the design of systems of industrial organization in Smes<br />
industrial devoted to mounts and electrical installations<br />
P. Ibáñez Carabantes (a), J. Sancho Val (a), A. Fernández Sora (a), B. Callejero Cornao (a)<br />
(a) Universidad de Zaragoza, España - Departamento de Ingeniería de Diseño y Fabricación<br />
Abstract:<br />
In the present communication sets out the main characteristics of a tool of software<br />
developed for the analysis of the management of integrated systems of implementation in<br />
Smes industrial devoted to mounts and electrical installations.<br />
The design of this software and its implementation in different companies in this industrial<br />
sector, is one of the stages that make up the development of the doctoral thesis with the<br />
title SYSTEMS DESIGN OF INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION IN SMES INDUSTRIAL DEVOTED TO<br />
MOUNTS AND electrical installations, in the territorial scope of the Autonomous Region of<br />
Aragon.<br />
After the analysis of commercial applications of management, and detect shortcomings<br />
relevant for companies in this industrial sector, raised the development of a tool of control<br />
and valuation of the management of processes adapted to the particularity of the<br />
companies installing electric, which would act on appropriate procedures and thereby<br />
save the conditioning raised.<br />
The implementation of this software on a representative number of companies, has<br />
enabled progress in the next stages of generating a model for the management<br />
organizational integral that meets the requirements of a functional design dynamic, and in<br />
which the technical structure and manager of the system, is responsible for the<br />
coordination and overall management of the same.<br />
At present, and because of the situation of decline in production and economic deflation,<br />
the management structure does not evolve toward criteria of expansion, but maintains its<br />
functional structure. The work associated with this activity is based on tasks that can<br />
sustain this business structure minimum, and being expectant that the time economic<br />
change and the economy to resume challenges more ambitious.<br />
Keywords: Model, Industrial Design, Integral Organizing Management, Smes industrial<br />
Corresponding Author: Pedro Ibáñez Carabantes<br />
Tel.:+34 976 761000 ext. 5067<br />
Fax.:+34 97676 2620<br />
e-mail: pedrogas@unizar.es<br />
Address: Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Maria de Luna, 3. Edificio Torres Quevedo.50018 - Zaragoza.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
55<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Integrated Product and Process Design<br />
Shape Similarity: Methods and Industrial Applications<br />
D. Francia (a), A. Ceruti (a), G. Caligiana (a), A. Liverani (a)<br />
(a) University of Bologna<br />
Abstract:<br />
Mass production, reduced production investment, reduced response time and variability,<br />
globalization and increased customization are the most responsible for the need of<br />
optimizing the manufacturing process. As companies provide higher levels of<br />
customization, the number of products offered increases. Minimizing the cost of providing<br />
variety is possible by exploiting shape similarities amongst parts and products. Another<br />
reason for utilization of similarity assessment is the cost estimation. Total cost of any part<br />
to machine results from material costs, setup costs, tooling costs, and operation costs.<br />
Furthermore in very small productions the total cost of new components is affected more<br />
than 70% by process planning and CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) programming. A<br />
relevant part of this time may be saved by modifying the process plan of an old similar<br />
part and this is a well known practice in the manufacturing industry.<br />
Shape similarity search in a CAD system is an answer to reduce process plan preparation<br />
because it finds similarities in geometry by extracting shape signatures from the 3D<br />
models and then comparing these signatures exploiting distance functions. This paper<br />
presents a review of the methods adopted to generate shape signatures and an analysis of<br />
the distance functions suitable for the comparison. The first part of this work investigates<br />
the models commonly proposed to extract the shape signature from a solid part. The<br />
second part of the paper discusses the choice of the distance function. At the end of this<br />
discussion the most appropriate method is proposed to assess the shape similarity, once<br />
the part to be manufactured has been assigned: results are shown in terms of accuracy of<br />
comparison and computational time, seeking for a trade-off between them.<br />
Keywords: Shape Similarity, Computer Aided Design, Computer Aided Manufacturing,<br />
Standardization<br />
Corresponding Author: Daniela Francia<br />
Tel.: +39.051.2093352<br />
Fax.: +39.051.2093412<br />
e-mail: d.francia@unibo.it<br />
Address: v.le Risorgimento, 2, 40137 Bologna.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
56<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Integrated Product and Process Design<br />
A survey on systematic innovation strategies<br />
for product design and development<br />
C. Bandera (a), S. Filippi (a), B. Motyl (a)<br />
(a) DIEGM, Dept., University of Udine, Udine, Italy<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
Aim of this work is a survey on systematic innovation strategies used for the development<br />
of new products or in product improvement and optimization processes. In particular, the<br />
authors investigate the innovation synergies coming from the combination of TRIZ<br />
methods with other problem solving and creativity enhancements methods, and their<br />
relationship with particular application fields.<br />
Method:<br />
The survey is based on a literature review of academic publications present in indexed<br />
DBs. Twenty-nine case studies were collected and analyzed about non-TRIZ tools used in<br />
combination with TRIZ tools. For each case, the level of systematic innovation introduced<br />
by the use of the different methodologies is qualitatively evaluated using the so-called<br />
individual innovation index. This index is based on two other specific indices: the solution<br />
innovativeness and the synergy level. Then a brief overview of the four most used non-<br />
TRIZ tools adopted in the selected case studies, quality function deployment, ecodesign,<br />
case-based reasoning, and axiomatic design, is offered.<br />
Result:<br />
The analysis of the twenty-nine selected cases gives only partial results, so the<br />
introduction of a corrected innovation index, which considers the systematic innovation<br />
level of the presented methodologies given the sample size of the different non-TRIZ<br />
tools, has been done. The analysis of the application field has been performed as well.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
The research highlighted the growing importance of the application of the combination of<br />
strategies that uses TRIZ and non-TRIZ tools, as the well-known quality function<br />
deployment or the promising ecodesign, the case-based reasoning, and the axiomatic<br />
design. Moreover, it seems that there is no explicit relationship between specific<br />
innovation strategies and application fields, while it has emerged that systematic<br />
innovation is mainly used during the first phases of the product development process.<br />
Keywords: Systematic Innovation, TRIZ,<br />
QFD, Case-Based Reasoning, Ecodesign<br />
Corresponding Author: Barbara Motyl<br />
Tel.: +390432558291<br />
Fax.: +390432558256<br />
e-mail: barbara.motyl@uniud.it<br />
Address: Via delle Scienze, 208 – 33100 Udine Italy.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
57<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Integrated Product and Process Design<br />
A web-based Platform<br />
to design Energy Efficient Electric Motors<br />
C. Favi (a), M. Germani (a), M. Marconi (a), M. Mengoni (a)<br />
(a) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
The paper presents an innovative web-based platform for the design of energy efficient<br />
electric motors. The proposed system aims to answer the increasing demand of<br />
environmentally sustainable products and services which integrate electric motors whose<br />
energy consumption has been forecasted to rise to 721 TWh by 2015 by the European<br />
Commission.<br />
Method:<br />
The core of the platform is a knowledge-based system to configure and optimize the<br />
design solution according to the rules and guidelines which formalize manufacturing<br />
companies know-how and best practices. It integrates different SW tools to support<br />
electric motor development from conceptual design to detailed design and from design<br />
solution optimization to environmental impact assessment, up to the evaluation of<br />
manufacturing costs. The platform also provides a collaborative product development<br />
area where data can be exchanged among all process stakeholders and shared workflows<br />
can be managed.<br />
Results:<br />
The prototypal platform is applied to design a brushless PM efficient motor for producing<br />
machinery for furniture manufacturing. The achieved result increases current three-phase<br />
motor efficiency to 13% and reduces the emission of CO2 to 0.82 KgCO2 eq per hour of<br />
use.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
The conclusion provides some discussions of experimental results to point out the main<br />
proposed challenges in electric motor design methodologies and the innovative features<br />
of the EROD platform.<br />
Keywords: design methodology, energy efficiency, knowledge-based system, electric<br />
motor.<br />
Corresponding Author: Claudio Favi<br />
Tel.: +390712204797<br />
e-mail: c.favi@univpm.it<br />
Address: via Brecce Bianche I, 60131 Ancona, Italy.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
58<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Integrated Product and Process Design<br />
Integrated Design of Robotic Workcells<br />
for High Quality Machining<br />
A. O. Andrisano (a), F. Leali (a), M. Pellicciari (a), F. Pini (a), A. Vergnano (a)<br />
(a) Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering – University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (Italy)<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
Robotic workcells provide high flexibility and reconfigurability, cost effectiveness and user<br />
friendly programming for many industrial applications but still lack in accuracy, so<br />
important fields of application such as mechanical machining are currently covered by<br />
very expensive and rigid systems (machining centers). The present work investigates the<br />
possibility to extend the use of industrial robots to perform high quality machining.<br />
Method:<br />
The proposed method is focused on the enhancement of robotic machining accuracy<br />
through an integrated design method, based on robotic process simulation and tailored<br />
design of mechanical apparatus and software modules for robot control and<br />
programming. Advanced techniques for machining strategy validation, automatic robot<br />
path generation, workcell calibration, robot code commissioning are concurrently<br />
adopted.<br />
Result:<br />
Integrated design tools are fully exploited to define the system behavior, to simulate the<br />
whole process, to propose alternative machining set-ups and quickly generate and test<br />
parametric programs. The design method is finally applied to design a robotic workcell<br />
family for grinding special austenitic manganese steel casts, characterized by severe<br />
working conditions as high tool wear, high cutting forces, high vibrations due to surface<br />
hardness and non-repetitive shape variations in geometry and features.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
Experimental results demonstrate enhanced performance of robotic workcells and final<br />
quality, due to minimization of tool vibration, increasing of robot stiffness and higher<br />
manufacturing flexibility, thanks to the capability of adapting robot paths to workpieces.<br />
Keywords: Integrated Design, Robotic Machining, Manufacturing Simulation, Offline<br />
Programming<br />
Corresponding Author: Fabio Pini<br />
Tel.: +390592056278<br />
Fax.: +390592056126<br />
e-mail: fabio.pini@unimore.it<br />
Address: via Vignolese, 905/B – 41125, Modena (Italy).<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
59<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Integrated Product and Process Design<br />
Understanding a particular semantic dimension:<br />
how selecting the products for evaluation tests?<br />
E. Aliouat (a), J. F. Petiot (b), D. Blumenthal (c), M. Danzart (c), J. M. Sieffermann (c)<br />
(a) Renault, Direction de la Recherche, Groupe Perception et Analyse Sensorielle DREAM/DTAA,<br />
Technocentre Renault, France.<br />
(b) Institut de Recherche en Communications et Cybernétique de Nantes (UMR CNRS 6597), Ecole<br />
Centrale de Nantes, France.<br />
(c) Agroparistech, Laboratoire de perception Sensorielle et Sensométrie, France<br />
Abstract:<br />
In the industrial field, manufacturers frequently aim to improve acceptation by targeting<br />
global trends of consumers’ liking (to create a product that looks innovative, robust…).<br />
Sensory Science could support this task by evaluating perception and tastes (e.g. in<br />
sensory profiles or in hedonic tests) or even semantic dimensions regarding products of<br />
the marketplace. Nevertheless, the choice of these products may have significant<br />
consequences on the reliability of the results (and bring about biased conclusions). The<br />
control of this kind of effect is very tough because the choice of the products is imposed<br />
by constraints (costs, availability…). We attempt to develop a method to have a maximum<br />
of relevant information with a minimum of products. The present work deals with an<br />
experimental method, called “Features Picking”, using consumers’ feedback to define a<br />
product space. To illustrate the method, the proposed application concerns a specific<br />
semantic dimension: the fluidity of shape of car dashboards. In this case, 60 subjects<br />
selected “key products” according to the defined semantic dimension and attempted to<br />
verbalize which design features can explain it. Then, we assessed some statistical methods<br />
between hedonic and descriptive data to evaluate the efficiency of this approach. We<br />
finally highlighted the method giving the more relevant features with a reduced number of<br />
products. In this paper, we describe how we reduced a large set of 30 products to a subset<br />
of 11 products while keeping a maximum of information (87 % of the total information<br />
generated by the subjects).<br />
Keywords: Sensory Science, Sensorial Design, Product Space, Subjective evaluation,<br />
Features Picking<br />
Corresponding Author: Emmanuel Aliouat<br />
Tel.: +33 1 76832791<br />
e-mail: emmanuel.aliouat@renault.com<br />
Address: 1 avenue du Golf 78288 Guyancourt CEDEX, France.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
60<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Integrated Product and Process Design<br />
Integrated product and process design<br />
for microproduct development via microforming<br />
W. L. Chan (a), M. W. Fu (a)<br />
(a) Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University<br />
Abstract:<br />
Microforming, which offers attractive characteristics of low production cost and high<br />
product quality that are superior to those of other processes, provides a promising<br />
process to manufacture micropart. Nowadays, microforming system design is generally<br />
conducted via trial-and-error approach based on scaling down and modifying the<br />
conventional macroforming system. However, when the forming system is scaled down to<br />
micro-scale, the conventional knowledge on the macroforming system design might not<br />
be valid. Late design changes are always needed. It is thus costly, time-consuming and<br />
error-prone. To address these challenges, “design right the first time” and “optimal<br />
design” are critical. Obtaining the optimal design in the conventional design paradigm<br />
would be very difficult, if not impossible, as there are many technical aspects related to<br />
the design of micro-scaled part, forming process, tooling and product quality control,<br />
which interact and interplay. Therefore, concurrent consideration of these technical<br />
aspects at up-front design stage is essential. In this paper, the technical aspects among the<br />
micro-scaled product and process design, and the material size-related deformation<br />
behaviours are articulated. The understanding of these technical aspects is critical to<br />
fabricate quality microproduct at high production rate and low production cost by<br />
microforming.<br />
Keywords: Microproduct, Microforming, Material size effect, Product miniaturization<br />
Corresponding Author: M. W. Fu<br />
Tel.: 852-27665527<br />
Fax.: 852-23654703<br />
E-mail: mmmwfu@polyu.edu.hk<br />
Address: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom,<br />
Kowloon, Hong Kong.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
61<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Integrated Product and Process Design<br />
A Procedure for Early Environmental Assessment<br />
of Industrial Products<br />
C. Rocco (a), S. Rizzuti (a), L. De Napoli (a)<br />
(a) University of Calabria, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rende, ITALY<br />
Abstract:<br />
The paper presents a procedure that a designer can use in the early phase of product<br />
development in order to assess the environmental impact of the solution on which he/she<br />
is working on.<br />
Several methodologies are employed for this purpose, but basically we focus the attention<br />
on the functional analysis by means of its graph structure and the DSM, Design Structure<br />
Matrix. Both methods share the matrix format to manage functionalities and the relations<br />
among them or components and the connections among them.<br />
The original DSM format has been modified, introducing new records where the<br />
interaction with the environment outside is recorded. A set of rules have been defined by<br />
which it is possible to reach a rough assessment of the environmental impact.<br />
The paper discusses the employment of the methodology with a test case.<br />
Keywords: Sustainability, Conceptual Design,<br />
Functional Analysis, DSM, Early Assessment<br />
Corresponding Author: Claudio Rocco<br />
Tel.:+39 0984 494757<br />
Fax.:+39 0984 494736<br />
e-mail:claudio-rocco@hotmail.it<br />
Address: Ponte Pietro Bucci 46/C, 87030, Rende (Cosenza), Italy.<br />
Solving an engineering problem in shipbuilding by Triz method<br />
A. Nocerino (a), M. Pappalardo (a), A. Pellegrino (a), F. Villecco (a)<br />
(a) University of Salerno, Department of Industrial Engineering<br />
Abstract:<br />
This work follows from an application of Triz theory to an engineering problem. The<br />
mounting and positioning of a logo-structure on the ship funnel, which seems to be a<br />
simple technical problem, might lead instead to a significant number of aesthetic,<br />
structural and shipyard organization problems. After a careful examination of the various<br />
solutions proposed, it was decided to analyze it by means of Triz methodology.<br />
The analysis of technical reports and thanks to some works related to this field, we have<br />
obtained the solution of the problem with the help of software specifically devoted to<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
62<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Integrated Product and Process Design<br />
organizing and managing information. This obtained solution has been used and tested in<br />
an European shipyard for a concrete shipbuilding problem.<br />
Keywords: Design, Triz, Shipbuilding<br />
Corresponding Author: Arcangelo Pellegrino<br />
Tel.: 089-964308<br />
Fax.: 089-964037<br />
e-mail:apellegrino@unisa.it<br />
Address: Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084, Fisciano (SA).<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
63<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
IMAGE PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
65<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Image Processing and Analysis<br />
Image Processing and Tactile Methodologies<br />
of a Navigation System for Visually Impaired People<br />
N. Ortigosa (a), V. M. Santiago (a), S. Morillas (b), L.Dunai (a), G. Peris Fajarnés (a)<br />
(a) Centro de Investigación en Tecnologías Gráficas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia<br />
(b) Instituto Universitario de Matemática Pura y Aplicada, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia<br />
Abstract:<br />
The development of a navigation system to provide information of the environment is a<br />
significant progress in the daily living of blind and visually impaired people. This document<br />
introduces a project whose objective is to provide the distances up to the objects that are<br />
present in a scenario, combining the information captured by two stereo cameras and<br />
using a tactile sensor array to represent the image by means of the surface that will be<br />
touched by the visually impaired person. So, on the one hand, the device integrates the<br />
image processing algorithms capable of obtaining the depth maps from which we extract<br />
the distances up to the objects of the scene. On the other hand, the information extracted<br />
by the image processing algorithms is shown to the blind user by means of a “tactel” (an<br />
array of tactile elements in which each one is equivalent to a pixel of the image scenario),<br />
so different depths will be detected and represented. In addition, the stereo cameras will<br />
be integrated over a pair of sun glasses, in order to facilitate the way that the visually<br />
impaired person can wear them.<br />
Keywords: Stereo vision, Tactile elements, Navigation system, Depth map<br />
Corresponding Author: Nuria Ortigosa<br />
Tel.: +34 963879518<br />
Fax.: +34 963879519<br />
e-mail: nuorar@upvnet.upv.es<br />
Address: Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia (Spain).<br />
Automated dyeing of free-form leather patch edges:<br />
a Machine Vision based system<br />
L. Governi (a), Y. Volpe (a), M. Toccafondi (a), M. Palai (a)<br />
(a) Dipartimento di Meccanica e Tecnologie Industriali, Università degli Studi di Firenze<br />
Abstract:<br />
Many fashioned leather goods are characterized by seamless but visible edges, finished by<br />
means of time-consuming iterative processes involving edge grinding and subsequent<br />
dyeing. In the last years great efforts have been made by scientific and technical<br />
community to automate many leather manufacturing processes; therefore, the need to<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
66<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Image Processing and Analysis<br />
carry out manually the edge dyeing procedure represents a bottleneck for the entire<br />
leather finishing process. As a consequence the development of an automated dyeing<br />
procedure is advisable. The main purpose of the present work is to describe a Machine<br />
Vision based system for automatically dyeing leather patch edges. Such a system<br />
comprises two main parts: a Machine Vision (MV) system devoted to leathers edge<br />
detection and a CNC painting pantograph (2 axis Cartesian robot) whose painting tool is<br />
moved according to the output of the MV apparatus. The developed system, tested on a<br />
prototype dyeing machine, proved to be effective in delivering high quality edge finishing.<br />
Keywords: Leather dyeing, Machine Vision, Process automation.<br />
Corresponding Author: Lapo Governi<br />
Tel.: +39-554796396<br />
Fax.: +39 -554796700<br />
e-mail: lapo.governi@unifi.it<br />
Address: via di Santa Marta, 3, 50139 Firenze.<br />
Automatic image-based car profile character line recognition<br />
M. Fiorentino (a), A. E. Uva (a), G. Monno (a)<br />
(a) Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Gestionale, DiMEG, Politecnico di Bari<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
This paper presents an automatic image based tool for character lines recognition of<br />
automotive profiles.<br />
Method:<br />
A novel Matlab program scans automotive pictures on the web recognizing the wheels<br />
and the main feature lines.<br />
Result:<br />
The system can scan a large dataset of existing or concept car models using image search<br />
engines.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
Taking advantage of the formal topology of automotive profiles the wheels are used as<br />
main reference for character lines extraction. The algorithm detects wheelbase, roof,<br />
waist and accent line with a good level of confidence. The collected data can be used for<br />
statistical studies and to define the character of a car design.<br />
Keywords: Aesthetic design, character lines recognition, image processing, computer<br />
aided styling.<br />
Corresponding Author: Michele Fiorentino<br />
Tel.: 00390805962800<br />
Fax.: 00390805962777<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
67<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Image Processing and Analysis<br />
e-mail: Fiorentino@poliba.it<br />
Address: Viale Japigia 182,70126 Bari, Italy.<br />
The detection of petroglyphs through digital image processing.<br />
The particular case of the stone<br />
inside the chapel of Saint Bartolomé (Lugo-Spain)<br />
M. L. Gil (a), J. Ortiz (a), S. Martínez (a), B. Vazquez (a),T. Rego(a)<br />
(a) University of Santiago de Compostela - Department of Ingeniería Agroforestal<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
This study explains the process of identifying a petroglyph detected in a rock for its<br />
subsequent analysis. As the petroglyph is practically invisible to the naked eye,<br />
photography and digital image processing is used to make its study possible.<br />
Method:<br />
Several bands generated from digital photographs captured in the region of the spectrum<br />
of the visible and NIR permit the digital analysis of the information as in remote sensing:<br />
the application of diverse algorithms, true colour composites, false colour NIR composites,<br />
filters and enhancements.<br />
Result:<br />
The best results obtained correspond with the true colour composite image filtered with a<br />
Gaussian filter 3x3 and enhanced with an adaptive enhancement. The inverse image also<br />
provides useful information for the analysis of the petroglyph. The highlighted features of<br />
the stone are, finally, digitalized.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
The processing applied, allows emphasize the existence of a petroglyph. NIR image<br />
analysed has not contributed to provide notable information to the possible existence of<br />
rests of paintings or micro-vegetation.<br />
Keywords: Petroglyph, identification, terrestrial, image processing.<br />
Corresponding Author: Mª Luz Gil<br />
Tel.:647344115<br />
Fax.:982 285926<br />
e-mail: ml.gil@usc.es<br />
Address: Escuela Politécnica Superior, Campus Univeristario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
68<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Image Processing and Analysis<br />
Automatic alignment of multi-view range maps<br />
by optical stereo-tracking<br />
S. Barone (a), A. Paoli (a), A. V. Razionale (a)<br />
(a) University of Pisa, Department of Mechanical, Nuclear and Production Engineering<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
Industrial reverse engineering applications usually require reliable multi-view<br />
measurements of complex shapes obtained by full field techniques. One of the most<br />
challenging issues in this field is represented by the automatic computation of the best<br />
transformation parameters relating the different views into a common reference system.<br />
Method:<br />
A low cost optical tracking system has been developed with the aim at creating an<br />
automatic procedure to align 3D point clouds captured by a structured light system. The<br />
tracking system uses stereo images and retro-reflective infrared markers rigidly connected<br />
to the scanner. Markers are accurately tracked on the basis of automatic intensity-based<br />
analyses. Stereo correspondences are established by using epipolar and similarity<br />
constraints.<br />
Result:<br />
Experimental tests have been carried out in order to evaluate the capabilities of the<br />
developed system in the measurement process of nominal benchmarks and complex<br />
shapes.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
The accuracy obtained in the automatic alignment of multiple views justifies the use of the<br />
proposed approach in the speed up of the measurement process for reverse engineering<br />
applications, especially when conventional high-end systems cannot be applied.<br />
Keywords: Reverse engineering, Stereo vision, Optical tracking.<br />
Corresponding Author: Alessandro Paoli<br />
Tel.: +39 050 2218174<br />
Fax.: +39 050 2218065<br />
e-mail: a.paoli@ing.unipi.it<br />
Address: Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, - 56100 Pisa - Italy.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
69<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Image Processing and Analysis<br />
Automatic detection and tracking of planar markers<br />
in a stereo-vision system<br />
P. Franciosa (a), S. Gerbino (a)<br />
(a) University of Molise, School of Engineering, Italy<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
The present paper deals with the development of self-identifying planar markers which<br />
are automatically detected, tracked and reconstructed in 3D in a stereo-vision system.<br />
Method:<br />
Firstly, for every acquired image, the connected domains are segmented and classified by<br />
applying an adaptive thresholding algorithm. Once visual markers are extracted, based on<br />
specific inner geometric rules, they are classified by using a planar homography and then<br />
matched with a marker library. Two commercial low-cost webcams, arranged in<br />
stereoscopic configuration, were adopted. Cameras are calibrated by using the Zhang’s<br />
planar calibration procedure. A fast and efficient implementation is proposed based on<br />
the automatic marker detection. Finally, 3D triangulation is performed on the pairs of<br />
captured images.<br />
Result:<br />
The proposed algorithms were compared with an open-source package for camera<br />
calibration. Results pointed-out a faster calibration procedure not influenced by manual<br />
user interaction, and a less sensitivity on the number of calibration points and images. The<br />
implemented GUI drives the user to easily perform camera calibration and marker<br />
tracking.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
The adopted marker layout allows to recognise coded markers even in presence of high<br />
(till 70°) projective angles. The proposed scheme for marker detection permits to easily<br />
edit and extend the marker library. More investigation is needed to improve the algorithm<br />
efficiency to make it more robust against illumination conditions and marker occlusions.<br />
Keywords: marker detection, camera calibration, stereo-vision, video-processing,<br />
advanced GUI<br />
Corresponding Author: Salvatore Gerbino<br />
Tel.: +39 0874 404593<br />
Fax.: +39 0874 404978<br />
e-mail: salvatore.gerbino@unimol.it<br />
Address: Via Duca degli Abruzzi - 86039 Termoli (CB) - Italy.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
70<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Image Processing and Analysis<br />
Fast Correction of Tiled Display Systems on Planar Surfaces<br />
C. Zoido (a), J. Maroto (a), G. Romero (a), J. Felez (a)<br />
(a) CITEF – Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.<br />
Abstract:<br />
A method for fast colour and geometric correction of a tiled display system is presented in<br />
this paper. Such kind of displays are a common choice for virtual reality applications and<br />
simulators, where a high resolution image is required. They are the cheapest and more<br />
flexible alternative for large image generation but they require a precise geometric and<br />
colour correction. The purpose of the proposed method is to correct the projection<br />
system as fast as possible so in case the system needs to be recalibrated it doesn’t<br />
interfere with the normal operation of the simulator or virtual reality application. This<br />
technique makes use of a single conventional webcam for both geometric and<br />
photometric correction. Some previous assumptions are made, like planar projection<br />
surface and negligible intra-projector colour variation and black-offset levels. If these<br />
assumptions hold true, geometric and photometric seamlessness can be achieved for this<br />
kind of display systems. The method described in this paper is scalable for an undefined<br />
number of projectors and completely automatic.<br />
Keywords: Tiled displays, Projection, Simulation, Blending, Geometric alignment<br />
Corresponding Author: Jesus Felez<br />
Tel.: +34 91 336 31 16<br />
Fax.: +34 915 618 618<br />
e-mail: jesus.felez@upm.es<br />
Address: CITEF – Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. c/ José Gutierrez Abascal, 2. 28660 Madrid -<br />
Spain.<br />
Evolution of the Design and Decoration Processes<br />
of Ceramic Tiles<br />
B. Defez, F. Giménez Alcaide, V. Santiago, G. Peris-Farjarnés, T. Magal<br />
(a) Centro de Investigación en Tecnologías Gráficas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia<br />
Abstract:<br />
Ceramic tiles offer a technical and aesthetical solution very attractive for the covering of<br />
any kind of floor, regardless size, employment and environmental constraints. The designs<br />
of the decorated surface of the product have varied enormously since the beginning of the<br />
employment of the ceramic tiles in construction, both in considering the creative phase<br />
and the printing technology. In this work we relate the evolution of these two factors,<br />
their relationship through time and the last tendencies of the sector, where digital image<br />
processing and inkjet printing are gaining importance.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
71<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Image Processing and Analysis<br />
Keywords: ceramic tiles, digital image processing, inkjet printing.<br />
Corresponding Author: Beatriz Defez<br />
Tel.:+34963879518<br />
Fax:+34963879519<br />
Email: bdefez@degi.upv.es<br />
Address:Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera S/N, 8L, 2º, 46022 Valencia (Spain)<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
72<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
REVERSE ENGINEERING<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
73<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Reverse Engineering<br />
Automation of the finishing process<br />
of steel yacht hulls based on optical scanning<br />
A. Paoli (a), A. V. Razionale (a), D. Saba (a)<br />
(a) University of Pisa, Department of Mechanical, Nuclear and Production Engineering<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
The manufacturing of large yacht hulls is a complex process in the shipbuilding industry.<br />
The traditional approach is based on the pre-fabrication of large steel panels that are<br />
welded together to form 3D superstructure assemblies. One of the most relevant aspects<br />
of a yacht is its visual impact. For this reason, a finishing phase is usually carried out in<br />
order to obtain a final target surface with smooth curvature. Current methodologies<br />
mainly rely on manual processes thus requiring a great amount of time and wellexperienced<br />
workers.<br />
Method:<br />
This paper introduces an innovative methodology representing the basis for the<br />
automation of the finishing phase of large yacht hulls. The proposed approach is based on<br />
the measurement of the as-built hull surface through the integration of an active stereo<br />
vision system and a complex mechanical tracking system. A procedure to define the target<br />
surface has been developed by integrating information deriving from both the design and<br />
the as-built shapes.<br />
Result:<br />
The developed methodology has been tested on a broadside region of the hull of a 59<br />
metres yacht assembled within a shipyard. A target surface, differing as little as possible<br />
from the design surface, has been modelled in order to obtain a uniform curvature shape.<br />
A finishing phase has then been carried out by applying a layer of filler and by milling the<br />
hull’s surface.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
Results obtained have demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed approach, speeding<br />
up the whole process and guaranteeing fair reflection line patterns on the manufactured<br />
surface.<br />
Keywords: Shipbuilding industry, Reverse engineering, Robotic system, Surface modelling.<br />
Corresponding Author: Alessandro Paoli<br />
Tel.: +39 050 2218174<br />
Fax.: +39 050 2218065<br />
e-mail: a.paoli@ing.unipi.it<br />
Address: Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, - 56100 Pisa - Italy<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
74<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Reverse Engineering<br />
Construction of a geometric reference model<br />
for automatic non-ideality evaluation<br />
of an acquired high-density workpiece<br />
L. Di Angelo (a), P. Di Stefano (a), A. E. Morabito (b)<br />
(a) Department of Industrial Engineering, University of L’Aquila, Italy<br />
(b) Department of “Ingegneria dell’Innovazione”, University of Lecce, Italy<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
For some years now, our research group has been developing a new methodology for<br />
automatic tolerance inspection starting from an acquired high-density 3D model. In this<br />
paper, with a view to grouping together all the information recognisable in a scanned<br />
object, a new data structure, called Recognised Geometric Model (RGM), is proposed.<br />
Based on this data structure, the evaluation of the non-idealities of the acquired object<br />
(form, orientation and location non-idealities) can be automatically carried out.<br />
Method:<br />
RGM is the result of an approach founded on the concepts of non-ideal feature and<br />
intrinsic nominal reference. The object to be inspected is segmented into a set of nonideal<br />
features and, for each of them, one or more intrinsic nominal references are<br />
identified. An Intrinsic Nominal Reference is detected when a geometric property has<br />
been recognised to be common to a set of adjacent points in the 3D data set representing<br />
the acquired object. The recognition of these references from a scanned object is carried<br />
out based on some rules which, therefore, play a leading role in the definition of the<br />
domain of the representable entities within RGM.<br />
Result:<br />
New and old categories of form non-idealities are here defined and some procedures are<br />
proposed for a more robust process of verification of traditional tolerance categories<br />
(such as the straightness of a cylinder generatrix).<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
When using the RGM, tolerances can be specified according to the set of available and<br />
recognisable intrinsic nominal references. This allows for the automatic geometric<br />
inspection of the workpiece. However, the approach here proposed does not rule out the<br />
possibility of querying the RGM data structure by explicit geometric product<br />
specifications, in order to gather some quantitative information concerning special<br />
intrinsic geometric parameters and/or non-idealities.<br />
Keywords: ISO Tolerancing, Three dimensional Metrology, Triangular Meshes, Shape<br />
recognition, Automated inspection.<br />
Corresponding Author: Luca Di Angelo<br />
e-mail: luca.diangelo@univaq.it<br />
Address: Via G. Gronchi 18, L’Aquila, Italy<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
75<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Reverse Engineering<br />
On the performance<br />
of several stereo calibration methods and models<br />
R. Furferi (a), L. Governi (a), M. Nunziati (a)<br />
(a) Dipartimento di Meccanica e Tecnologie Industriali, Università degli Studi di Firenze<br />
Abstract:<br />
Stereo vision is a well-known technique which relies on a pair of cameras in order to<br />
reconstruct the shape and position of a generic object, without any additional<br />
geometrical and/or parametric information. The central issue in the set-up of a stereo<br />
vision system is two-fold: as first, removing the geometrical distortion caused by camera<br />
lens from images, then, make cameras aware of their own relative position in space. This<br />
paper is aimed to test the influence of different components of a calibration routine. In<br />
particular the goal is to compare the performance of several optimization algorithms and a<br />
number of alternative implementations of the pin-hole model. A main difference between<br />
this work and other tests present in literature is that the calibration performance is<br />
evaluated with respect to the measurement accuracy of the system, rather than by means<br />
of estimated reconstruction errors. In such a way, we get rid of theoretical errors, which<br />
do not represent any real application case, and we evaluate the accuracy on-the-field,<br />
facing with real-world issues.<br />
The obtained results show that, even though very complex equations can be used in order<br />
to represent cameras, usually, simpler pin-hole models remain competitive and robust,<br />
while refinements can be attained by using more powerful operational research<br />
algorithms.<br />
Keywords: Camera model, Computer vision, Stereo calibration.<br />
Corresponding Author: Matteo Nunziati<br />
Tel.: (+39) 0554796394<br />
Fax.: (+39) 0554796400<br />
e-mail: matteo.nunziati@unifi.it<br />
Address: via di Santa Marta, 3, 50139 Firenze.<br />
Computation of optimal acquisition viewpoints<br />
for the 3D optical inspection of mechanical components<br />
R. Raffaeli (a), M. Germani (a), F. Mandorli (a), M. Mengoni (a)<br />
(a) Department of Mechanics, Polytechnic University of Marche<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
76<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Reverse Engineering<br />
In the mechanical field agile production requires rapid and flexible shop-floor control<br />
techniques in order to verify the manufacturing operations effectiveness. To accomplish<br />
this goal, 3D scanning systems are evermore used for quality control purposes. Generally,<br />
3D CAD (Computer Aided Design) product models can be used as reference in order to<br />
manage the verification process. The geometrical information represented in the 3D CAD<br />
model can be used in order to virtually plan, simulate and pilot the inspection process.<br />
Even if many methods have been developed to support view planning from known 3D CAD<br />
models, it is still necessary to study strategies and tools to improve the verification<br />
process performance.<br />
Method:<br />
The present work targets the development of view planning algorithms in order to<br />
support the automatic inspection of 3D shapes, including dimensional and geometrical<br />
tolerances.<br />
Result:<br />
Algorithms have been implemented in a prototypal software system that has been<br />
experimented as off-line application to provide inputs to a multi-axis Degree of Freedom<br />
(DoF) robot arm mounting an optical 3D scanner.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
Two test cases from automotive and die casting fields are presented. They show the<br />
computation of acquisition poses in a suitable sequence and correspondence to the<br />
experimental data.<br />
Keywords: GD&T, 3D scanning, Inspection, View Planning, Quality Control<br />
Corresponding Author: Roberto Raffaeli<br />
Tel.: +39 071 2204799<br />
Fax.: +39 071 2204801<br />
e-mail: r.raffaeli@univpm.it<br />
Address: Via Brecce Bianche 12, Ancona (Italy).<br />
Experimental analysis<br />
for error compensation of laser scanner data<br />
F. De Crescenzio (a), M. Fantini (a), F. Lucchi (a), L. Seccia (b)<br />
(a) Second Faculty of Engineering – University of Bologna<br />
(b) Second Faculty of Engineering and CIRAM – University of Bologna<br />
Abstract:<br />
Among the different techniques of (RE), laser scanners are one of the most used<br />
instruments. The output of these optical technologies is a digital 3D description of a<br />
studying object, which is defined by a point cloud that approximates its surface. Reverse<br />
pipeline consists in a process beginning with the acquisition of object’s surface, described<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
77<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Reverse Engineering<br />
by range maps acquired from different points of view. Further steps of the post-processing<br />
procedure allow to obtain the final output as a unique and well defined mesh.<br />
Laser scanners, as measure instruments, introduce errors in the 3D coordinates of each<br />
point cloud acquired, due to object’s surface appearance and reflection property, and also<br />
to noise components caused from the instrumentation itself. This paper presents an error<br />
experimental analysis of range maps acquired by an optical triangulation laser scanning<br />
system (Konica Minolta Vivid 9i), using a painted glass plane as reference object. This<br />
study is conducted considering that all point clouds acquired are affected by an error<br />
which is composed by two elements: a random component and a systematic one. In<br />
scanning processes it is not possible to completely remove the random component, but it<br />
is only possible to reduce it, in order to detect and define the systematic one, which is<br />
caused by laser scanner’s inner components and constructive features.<br />
The goal of this experimental work is to identify a compensation array to apply to the 3D<br />
coordinates of the range map points, in order to reduce the systematic component of<br />
error. It is possible to define a different array for every operative condition, depending on<br />
the distance from object to scanner and on the lens used during the scanning operation.<br />
By identifying an appropriate compensation array, it is possible to increase data precision<br />
and reduce noise of the collected laser scanning data.<br />
Keywords: Laser scanning, Error, Precision, Accuracy.<br />
Corresponding Author: Francesca Lucchi<br />
Tel.:0543 374452<br />
e-mail: f.lucchi@unibo.it<br />
Address: Via Fontanelle 40, Forlì.<br />
New CAD/CAM process:<br />
an elaboration of the geometrical matrices of rosette<br />
M. Giordano (a), S. Barba (a), L. A. Lopresti (b), G. Defranco (b)<br />
(a) University of Salerno, Italy<br />
(b) National University of La Plata, Argentina<br />
Abstract:<br />
The research, developed under the project of International Interuniversity Cooperation<br />
“Laboratory DRAWING AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS”, was applied to the study of<br />
decorative composition of uniplanar geometrical matrices, with the aim of identifying a<br />
key to understanding the structure of the work leading to a procedure coded for<br />
successive reproduction with automated systems.<br />
In the development of possible combinations of basic geometric shapes in the plane, the<br />
problem of replica is always present (for example, restoration actions), as the repeatability<br />
of a single part - foundation of his own existence - gives rise to the entire composition. It<br />
has been sought, therefore, from a careful analysis of the laws of symmetry that dictate<br />
the generative logic of the ornamental design for a precise canonization of themes and<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
78<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Reverse Engineering<br />
motifs, to identify the geometric patterns, allowing the rational control of the decoration<br />
through the identification of iteration processes in series. The detail is not returned simply<br />
as it appears, but the theoretical decomposition of the work helps to find, in the<br />
subsequent reconstruction graphics, the nature and location of each item: a critical<br />
perspective that leads to a correct and realistic reproduction. The formal models tend to<br />
become so in geometric models, symbols of a deeper structure, which can be grasped<br />
with the help of topological patterns. And so, knowing the harmonic law that governs the<br />
entire composition, as defined by the rigid motion of a default form on a flat reticle, the<br />
tessellation can easily be reproduced starting from one unit as an entity that can be, with<br />
the use of machines numerical control, repeated mechanically.<br />
The possibilities offered by digital modeling and parametric development applications that<br />
allow the decoration to be reproduced as well as to be deformed have been experimented<br />
and tested. These applications create new wrapping surfaces of the ornamental theme.<br />
The procedure has been applied to case studies appropriate to analyze the principles of<br />
repeatability in series and of laboratory operations. This is possible due to the re-design<br />
and digital production tools with numerical control technology, to codify the technical<br />
reproducibility, immaterial and material, of the architectural decorations.<br />
Keywords: Modeling, 3D creation, Milling software, Prototyping, Tracery<br />
Corresponding Author: Salvatore Barba<br />
Tel.: +39 089 96 4062<br />
Fax.: +39 089 96 4343<br />
e-mail: sbarba@unisa.it<br />
Address: Facoltà di Ingegneria, via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italia.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
79<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
81<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Simulation and Experimental Approaches<br />
Numerical fatigue life evaluation<br />
of an innovative internal combustion engine shaft<br />
T. Ingrassia (a), G. Lo Buglio (a), E. Lombardo (a), V. Nigrelli (a), G. Sergio (a)<br />
(a) Università degli Studi di Palermo – Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica e<br />
Meccanica<br />
Abstract:<br />
A novel self-balanced internal combustion engine is presented. The new engine has a<br />
modular structure composed of two cylinders arranged in opposite way. It is characterized<br />
by an innovative system of linking between the pistons and the shaft, which has three<br />
toggles. One of these is on the middle of the shaft, whereas the others two are placed<br />
symmetrically. Thanks to this particular shape of the shaft, the pistons can move with the<br />
same timing and so the new engine comes back to be perfectly auto-balanced.<br />
Moreover, the fatigue life prediction of the shaft has been studied through numerical<br />
methods.<br />
In particular, two different approaches have been compared to estimate the maximum<br />
number of working cycles: the first is based on a “static” resistance criterion, the second<br />
considers the multiaxial nature of the stress and is based on the maximum shear stress<br />
(critical) plane criterion. The stress distribution on the shaft during the usual working<br />
conditions has been evaluated by a FEM package. Results highlight that the critical plane<br />
approach is more conservative than the “static” one.<br />
Keywords: Mechanical design, Crankshaft, Multiaxial fatigue, Finite elements<br />
Corresponding Author: Vincenzo Nigrelli<br />
Tel.: 0039 091 6657148<br />
Fax.: 0039 091 484334<br />
e-mail: vincenzo.nigrelli@unipa.it<br />
Address: viale delle Scienze – Edificio 8 – 90128 Palermo (Italy).<br />
Development of a test machine for the tappet characterization<br />
S. M. Oliveri (a), M. Calì (a), G. Cacopardo (b), G. Fatuzzo (a), G. Sequenzia (a)<br />
(a) Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e Meccanica - Università degli Studi di Catania<br />
(b) Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare – INFN - Catania<br />
Abstract:<br />
The containment of the inertia forces, the stiffness optimization of components and the<br />
tolerance of fits are particularly important to the dynamic behaviour of valve train in<br />
internal combustion engines 4T. The dynamic study of the valve train, through modern<br />
computer codes, is performed by connecting lumped masses, springs and dampers that<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
82<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Simulation and Experimental Approaches<br />
characterize each element. In numerical models the tappet is represented as constituted<br />
by the tappet and The aim of present work is the containment of the inertia forces, the<br />
stiffness components optimization and the fit tolerances of valve train in internal<br />
combustion engines 4T.<br />
The proposed methodology allows, through the development of a test machine, the<br />
evaluation of axial stiffness of tappet depending on eccentricity of the cam tappet contact,<br />
performing a functional analysis that simulate the behaviour of the system in operational<br />
condition, even if, some adjustment of tolerances of the fit between tappet and his guide,<br />
occurred.<br />
The dynamic study of the valve train, through modern computer codes, is performed by<br />
connecting lumped masses, springs and dampers that characterize each element. In<br />
numerical models the tappet is represented as constituted by the tappet and by the<br />
hydraulic element. Each of these elements is characterized by stiffness and mass. The<br />
structural rigidity of the tappet has, in fact, important effects on the dynamic behaviour of<br />
the entire valve train.<br />
The test machine makes possible the choice of the dimensional and geometrical<br />
tolerances of the fit between tappet and his guide; allows furthermore the evaluation of<br />
errors occurred during construction and integration phase. In addition, the test machine is<br />
also suitable for reverse engineering applications, makes it possible to automatically draw<br />
the cam profile in polar coordinates.<br />
Keywords: Tappet, cam, valve lift, 3D modelling, Reverse engineering.<br />
Corresponding Author: S. Massimo Oliveri<br />
Tel.: +39 095 7382404<br />
Fax.: +39 095 337994<br />
e-mail: moliveri@diim.unict.it<br />
Address: Viale A. Doria, 6 Catania.<br />
An investigation on the validity of 3D clothing simulation<br />
for garment fit evaluation<br />
Y. Y. Wu (a), P. Y. Mok (a), Y. L. Kwok (a), J. T. Fan (a), J. H. Xin (a)<br />
(a) Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University<br />
Abstract:<br />
Virtual cloth simulation received much attention in the past decade, and the fashion<br />
industry has been attracted to use this newly available tool in actual product development<br />
process to strengthen the collaboration along the supply chain and shorten the product<br />
time to market. This paper serves as an exploratory study to analyse the accuracy of 3D<br />
cloth simulation system so as to examine its validity and effectiveness in garment fit<br />
evaluation. A four-phase methodology is proposed in this paper: 20 types of woven fabrics<br />
are first tested in standard laboratory, and the obtained fabric property data are input to<br />
simulate the results of a flare skirt design. Real sample skirts are produced for comparison.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
83<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Simulation and Experimental Approaches<br />
An objective evaluation method is proposed to assess the accuracy of 3D simulation by<br />
comparing the quality of 3D virtual simulation results. Generally speaking, 3D clothing<br />
simulation is accurate because 18 out of the 20 tested fabrics have statistically similar<br />
results of 3D simulation and the real sample. The simulated results of the two fabrics are<br />
different from the real sample, particularly in the hip areas. Further study is thus required.<br />
With the range of validity identified, guidelines can be provided to the fashion industry for<br />
the use of 3D simulation system in design and fit evaluation.<br />
Keywords: 3D virtual simulation, Garment fit evaluation, Fabric drape.<br />
Corresponding Author: P.Y. Mok<br />
Tel.:+852 2766 4442<br />
Fax.: +852 2773 1432<br />
e-mail: tracy.mok@inet.polyu.edu.hk<br />
Address: Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Hong<br />
Kong.<br />
Simulating airport operations in a synthetic environment<br />
S. Bagassi (a), D. Francia (b), F. Persiani (a)<br />
(a) Second Faculty of Engineering, University of Bologna<br />
(b) Faculty of Engineering, University of Bologna<br />
Abstract:<br />
Current research on ATM (Air Traffic Management) is progressively focusing on the “green<br />
operations” concept. The European Commission as well as foreign institutions has<br />
identified Air Traffic as one of the sectors in which a “green” policy could be successfully<br />
implemented. Starting from the ACARE strategic research agenda, published in 2002,<br />
many EU funded projects have been launched aiming at a dramatic reduction of noise and<br />
pollution produced by Air Transportation System.<br />
Airport operations strongly affect the pollution and noise produced by an aircraft during<br />
the whole mission impacting on the environment and people living near airports. On the<br />
other hand, airport area and more generally the Terminal Aerodrome Zone is the<br />
bottleneck of Air Traffic System. The maximum capacity of Air Space is limited by the<br />
capacity of the airports.<br />
Therefore, the optimization of such operations is recognized as a challenge that aims at<br />
finding the best trade-off solution in order to maximize the airport capacity and minimize<br />
both pollution and noise.<br />
Modelling and simulation are the most powerful tools to study such an optimization<br />
problem. To help the evaluation of the model performances, a synthetic environment able<br />
to faithfully represent the airport area and its players (aircraft, helicopters, ground<br />
vehicles, etc.) is presented in this paper as an analysis tool.<br />
An experimental scenario that simulates Rome Fiumicino airport has been developed. In it<br />
aircraft are modelled as single material points and they are moved by an external<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
84<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Simulation and Experimental Approaches<br />
simulation model implemented in Matlab/Simulink. The simulation model accepts as input<br />
variables the waypoints’ list to be visited by the aircraft and the aircraft speed. It gives as<br />
output the shortest path on the available taxi ways. The aircraft position at each time step<br />
is sent through an UDP protocol to the visualization environment and processed in order<br />
to obtain a fluent animation.<br />
Keywords: Synthetic environment, Optimization algorithms, Virtual Reality<br />
Corresponding Author: Sara Bagassi<br />
Tel.:0543 - 374445<br />
Fax.:0543 - 374444<br />
e-mail: sara.bagassi@unibo.it<br />
Address: via Fontanelle 40, Forlì, Italy.<br />
Design Of Simulation Experiments method<br />
for Injection Molding process optimization<br />
A. O. Andrisano (a), F. Gherardini (a), F. Leali (a), M. Pellicciari (a), A. Vergnano (a)<br />
(a) Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering – University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (Italy)<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
Many studies demonstrate that DOE, CAE and optimization tools can be very effective in<br />
product and process development, however their integration is still under investigation,<br />
hampering the applicability of such engineering methods in Industry. This paper presents a<br />
Design Of Simulation Experiments (DOSE) method, developed to determine the optimal<br />
set of process parameters (factors) for given product requirements (responses).<br />
Method:<br />
The method is developed performing an original selection and integration of engineering<br />
procedures and techniques based on DOE, CAE and multi-objective optimization, chosen<br />
according to the following criteria: ease of application, time-saving and use of reduced<br />
resources.<br />
Result:<br />
The developed method consists of two main steps: a first screening of factors based on a<br />
fractional DOE is followed by a systematic experimental plan based on the Response<br />
Surface Methodology (RSM), in which only key factors are investigated. A regression<br />
model is finally developed to describe the responses as functions of key factors and a<br />
multi-objective optimization is proposed to obtain optimal responses by tuning the<br />
process factors in their variability range. The DOSE method is finally validated on the<br />
design of an injection molded housing for a biomedical application. This thin shell<br />
component has dimension 45mmx37mmx16mm, wall thickness from 2mm to 0,5mm and<br />
is made of polyphenylsulfone (PPSU), a high performance thermoplastic.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
85<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Simulation and Experimental Approaches<br />
The design method achieves good responses in terms of dimensional and geometrical<br />
requirements (e.g. warpage, shrinkage, sink marks), and improves the shell moldability.<br />
The DOSE method can be easily adopted in industrial product/process development to<br />
define the optimal process parameters for a better final quality of the products.<br />
Keywords: Design Of Experiments (DOE), Simulation experiments, Computer Aided<br />
Engineering (CAE), Integrated Design, Injection Molding (IM)<br />
Corresponding Author: Francesco Gherardini<br />
Tel.: +39 059.205.6278<br />
Fax.: +39 059.205.6126<br />
e-mail: fgherardini@unimore.it<br />
Address: via Vignolese 905/B –41125, Modena (Italy)<br />
Virtual prototype development<br />
for comfort assessment of occupational footwear sole<br />
P. Franciosa (a), S. Gerbino (a), A. Lanzotti (b), S. Patalano (b),<br />
V. Rufrano (b), M. Trotta (b), L. Silvestri (c), L. Frattari (c)<br />
(a) University of Molise, School of Engineering<br />
(b) University of Naples, Federico II, School of Engineering<br />
(c) SAFE WAY s.r.l<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
The present paper focuses on the parametric analysis of the sole of occupational footwear<br />
in order to improve the perceived human comfort. By combining real experimental tests<br />
and virtual simulations, the sensitivity of both geometric and material design factors, on<br />
comfort degree, was investigated.<br />
Method:<br />
The correlation among perceived human comfort and physical parameters, such as plantar<br />
pressures, was estimated by conducting real tests. Experimenters were asked to wear<br />
three commercial shoes and to express their perceived comfort degree. A bar-foot test<br />
was also performed. By adopting plantar sensors, plantar pressures were also monitored.<br />
Once given such a correlation, a parametric FE model of the footwear was developed. In<br />
order to better simulate the contact at plantar surface, a detailed FE model of the foot<br />
was also generated starting from CT scan images.<br />
A fractional factorial design array was, finally, used to study the sensitivity of different sets<br />
of design factors on comfort degree. In the present study only a static standing-up<br />
configuration was analyzed.<br />
Result:<br />
Findings of this research showed that sole thickness and its material highly influence<br />
perceived comfort. In particular, softer materials and thicker sole designs contribute to<br />
increase comfort degree.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
86<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Simulation and Experimental Approaches<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
Despite all simplifications and limitations, the proposed methodology may be successfully<br />
adopted in other industrial applications, in which the design (or re-design) of new<br />
products is driven by the satisfaction or the sensations of users.<br />
Keywords: occupational footwear, comfort assessment, numerical-physical correlation,<br />
virtual prototyping, pressure map.<br />
Corresponding Author: Salvatore Gerbino<br />
Tel.: +39 0874 404593<br />
Fax.: +39 0874 404978<br />
e-mail: salvatore.gerbino@unimol.it<br />
Address: Via Duca degli Abruzzi - 86039 Termoli (CB) - Italy.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
87<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
GEOMETRIC PRODUCT SPECIFICATION AND TOLERANCING<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
89<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Geometric Product Specification and Tolerancing<br />
An Extracting Points Strategy<br />
for Flatness Measurement on Components by means of CMM<br />
R. Rosa (a), S. Rizzuti (a)<br />
(a) Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Calabria, Italy<br />
Abstract:<br />
The paper presents a semiautomatic procedure able to evaluate flatness error on real<br />
components by means of Coordinate Measuring Machine. The main problem in digital<br />
metrology is related to the dimension of the sample point size to be used in order to<br />
measure form errors with sufficient accuracy. The recent GPS rules establish a set of steps<br />
in which the measurement must be made. extraction is the step in which metrologists are<br />
urged to trade-off between small sample sizes (related to reduced costs and time) and<br />
accuracy (which should require a higher number of points).<br />
The best choice is to use the smallest sample size able to limit the uncertainty in<br />
measurements. These points should be extracted in the zones of maximum heights and<br />
valley.<br />
The paper discusses a procedure that has been tested introducing in the pre-analysis the<br />
qualitative methodology generally used for flatness evaluation by means of Prussian blue.<br />
This treatment shows the zones with peaks and valleys in a quick and easy way and the<br />
Metrologist is therefore able to extract points from these selected areas.<br />
The paper presents the results obtained about the flatness measurement on a matrix for<br />
injection moulding.<br />
Keywords: Flatness, measurement, GPS, CMM, Point extraction, Prussian blue<br />
Corresponding Author: Raffaele Rosa<br />
Tel.:+390984494601<br />
e-mail: r.rosa@unical.it<br />
Address:Cubo 45 C, via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS) Italy.<br />
Integration of tolerances in the mechanical product process<br />
M. Tlija (a), B. Louhichi (a), A. Benamara (a)<br />
(a) Laboratoire de Génie Mécanique LGM, École Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Monastir.<br />
Abstract:<br />
In the design process, minimizing differences between the numerical model and the<br />
manufactured product is the subject of several researches. It guarantees a better<br />
optimization of the mechanical product. Tolerance is one of the most used tools in the<br />
design model to illustrate functional requirements of mechanical systems. However,<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
91<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Geometric Product Specification and Tolerancing<br />
tolerances are represented in the dressing form in the digital model (drawing form) and<br />
are not considered in the geometric model. Thus, the subject of this paper is to propose a<br />
model of integration tolerances in the CAD model. Indeed, assemblies modelling on<br />
configurations with defects are deduced from the tolerances. Thus, detection of the<br />
impact of tolerances on assembling and operating constraints, at an early step of product<br />
life cycle management, has become possible.<br />
Keywords: CAD model, Geometric tolerancing, Dimensional tolerancing, Assembly with<br />
defects.<br />
Corresponding Author: Mehdi Tlija<br />
Tel.: (+216) 97449055<br />
e-mail: tlija.mehdi@yahoo.fr<br />
Address: LGM, ENIM, université de Monastir, 5 Av. Ibn Eljazzar, 5019 Monastir, Tunisie.<br />
The geometrical specification in concurrent product design<br />
L. López (a), J. Cerqueiro (a), J. Pose (a)<br />
(a) Universidade de Vigo (Spain)<br />
Abstract:<br />
In this paper, in the first place an analysis on the usual practices for the specification of<br />
acceptable geometrical variability in functional geometrical features of parts is carried out,<br />
and an interpretation on the ‘geometrical variability specification’ concept as introduced<br />
by ISO standards is established. In the second place, a wider and more integrative<br />
proposal for geometric specification is made, conceived as a concurrent process inside the<br />
product design and development process itself, where all problems referring to<br />
tolerancing-related information handling along the product life cycle are dealt with.<br />
Keywords: Geometrical variability, Concurrent product design, ISO standards,<br />
Tolerancing, Geometrical specification.<br />
Corresponding Author: Luís López<br />
Tel.: + 34 986 813942<br />
Fax.: + 34 986 813644<br />
e-mail: llopez@uvigo.es<br />
Address: C/ Torrecedeira, nº86 - 36208 Vigo (Spain).<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
92<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Geometric Product Specification and Tolerancing<br />
Influence of form errors in plane surfaces assemblies<br />
J. Grandjean (a), Y. Ledoux (b), S. Samper (a)<br />
(a) SYMME, Polytech'Savoie, BP 80439, FRANCE<br />
(b) Université de Bordeaux, I2M UMR 5295, FRANCE<br />
Abstract:<br />
In tolerancing activity, surfaces are usually considered without any defects (i.e. no<br />
waviness and no rugosity). Consequently, only size and position defects of surfaces are<br />
taken into account. The focus of this paper is to show the importance of these surface<br />
defects on assembly; it is highlighted that even if the real surface respects the geometrical<br />
specifications, it is possible to have a non-conform assembly. The developed method is<br />
applied on an assembly which uses two carters composed in parallel of a ball and cylinder<br />
pair and of a planar pair.<br />
Keywords: 3D assembly, Form errors, Modal analysis, Positioning force, Non conformity<br />
rate.<br />
Corresponding Author: Julien Grandjean<br />
Tel.:+33 (0) 450 096 597<br />
e-mail:<br />
julien.grandjean@univ-savoie.fr<br />
Address: SYMME, Polytech'Savoie, BP 80439, 74944 ANNECY LE VIEUX Cedex, FRANCE.<br />
Algorithm to calculate the Minkowski sums<br />
of 3-polytopes dedicated to tolerance analysis<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
D. Teissandier (a), V. Delos (b)<br />
(a) University of Bordeaux, I2M - France<br />
(b) University Paris Descartes, MAP5 - France<br />
Abstract:<br />
Prompted by the development of algorithms for analysing geometric tolerancing, this<br />
article describes a method to determine the Minkowski sum for 3-dimension polytopes.<br />
This purposed method is based exclusively on intersection operations on normal cones,<br />
using the properties of the normal fan of a Minkowski sum obtained by common<br />
refinement of the normal fans of the operands. It can be used to determine from which<br />
vertices of the operands the vertices of the Minkowski sum derive. It is also possible to<br />
determine to which facets of the operands each facet of the Minkowski sum is oriented.<br />
First, the main properties of the duality of normal cones and primal cones associated with<br />
the vertices of a polytope are described. Next, the properties of normal fans are applied to<br />
define the vertices and facets of the Minkowski sum of two polytopes.<br />
93<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Geometric Product Specification and Tolerancing<br />
An algorithm is proposed which generalises the method. An example shows the<br />
application of the method on an assembly made up of two parts. Lastly, there is a<br />
discussion of the features of this algorithm, developed using the OpenCascade<br />
environment.<br />
Keywords: Geometric tolerancing, Minkowski sum, Polytope, Normal fan<br />
Corresponding Author: Denis Teissandier<br />
Tel.: +33 5 4000 6222<br />
Fax.:+33 5 4000 6964<br />
e-mail: denis.teissandier@u-bordeaux1.fr<br />
Address: University of Bordeaux, I2M – UMR CNRS 5295, 351 cours de la liberation, F-33405 Talence<br />
cedex - France.<br />
Experimental evaluation of convex difference surface<br />
for planar joint study<br />
H. N. Lê (a), Y. Ledoux (a), P. Darnis (a), A. Ballu (a)<br />
(a) Université de Bordeaux – UMR 5295 CNRS - I2M Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie de Bordeaux<br />
Abstract:<br />
In tolerancing, numerous works deal with the theory of tolerance analysis and synthesis of<br />
mechanisms, others deal with verification of isolated parts, but no study has focused<br />
specifically on the metrology of mechanisms. Nowaday, the metrology of mechanisms<br />
begins to be a key parameter for validating the theoretical model of joint.<br />
At first, a measuring system is presented; it allows to determine experimentally joint<br />
behaviours. This device is based on a set of displacement sensors, located outside the<br />
joint, to capture every spatial displacement. From the measures, the three rotations and<br />
three translations of displacement are computed. The originality of the system is to allow<br />
the visualization of the gap hull of the joint. Moreover, the distribution of the local form<br />
defects of the surfaces in contact inside the joint may be determined. In parallel, the<br />
surfaces in contact are measured with an area surface texture measuring instrument.<br />
From these measurements, it is proposed to compute theoretically the gap hull. Finally, a<br />
comparison of both hulls is presented.<br />
Keywords: Gap hull, Difference surface, Joint behaviour, Form defect, Tolerancing<br />
Corresponding Author: Alex Ballu<br />
Tel.: (33)5 4000 66 13<br />
E-mail: alex.ballu@u-bordeaux1.fr<br />
Address: 351 Cours de la libération, 33400 TALENCE.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
94<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Geometric Product Specification and Tolerancing<br />
Assembly analysis for spot-welded compliant assembly:<br />
Guidelines for formalizing the plasticity contribution<br />
to tolerance analysis<br />
S. Moos (a), E. Vezzetti (a), A. Zompì (a)<br />
(a) Politecnico di Torino – Dipartimento di Sistemi di Produzione ed Economia dell’Azienda<br />
Abstract:<br />
The aim of the paper is to define guidelines for integrating the effects of plastic<br />
deformations into a tolerance analysis model so to better describe the dimensional quality<br />
of compliant assemblies, in which sheet metal parts are subjected to tolerances and are<br />
joined by resistance spot welding.<br />
It is developed a FEM computational model that considers the plastic effects of the<br />
complete spot welding process. Two worst cases were analysed for a butt joint, the first<br />
with parts mismatching with a gap and the second with parts mismatching for loading<br />
interference.<br />
The analysis results show an important role of material plasticity: the fixture clamping, the<br />
electrode closure on flanges and the welding thermal cycle cause permanent deformation<br />
on the parts and affect the assembly dimensional quality.<br />
In conclusion, to improve the result of tolerance stack-up analysis for compliant<br />
assemblies it is advisable to consider: isotropic plastic behaviour of material, two distinct<br />
solution models for gap and interference geometrical conditions, the loading sequence,<br />
contact surfaces, fixture locator position and dimensions.<br />
Keywords: Compliant assembly analysis, Tolerance analysis, Quality, Resistance spot<br />
welding, Plasticity<br />
Corresponding Author: Sandro Moos<br />
Tel.: 011 564 7294<br />
Fax.: 011 564 7299<br />
e-mail: sandro.moos@polito.it<br />
Address: Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
95<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Geometric Product Specification and Tolerancing<br />
Form errors estimation in free-form 2D and 3D geometries<br />
A. Cerardi (a), R. Meneghello (a), G. Concheri (a), G. Savio (a)<br />
(a) Università di Padova<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
The aim of this work is to present a method for the verification of form tolerances in freeform<br />
geometries.<br />
Method:<br />
New free-form error parameters, in accordance with ISO GPS standards are defined.<br />
Geometrical errors in 2D e 3D geometries are calculated using a new fitting method<br />
consisting in an association operation where nominal profile/surface is resized (with an<br />
offset), located and oriented on the non-ideal geometry. Form tolerance is estimated<br />
using peak-to-valley deviation after the best fit.<br />
Result:<br />
Automatic algorithms are implemented to analyse 2D free-form profiles of moulds for<br />
ophthalmic lenses obtained with grinding and polishing operations and to analyse 3D freeform<br />
surfaces of an injection moulded lamp lens for automotive industry.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
The comparison between results obtained using this approach and using traditional fitting<br />
methods shows differences on the fitting and errors parameters estimation. In particular<br />
in the traditional fitting there is a repartition of the size error contribution in the<br />
translation and form errors. The differences increase proportionally to the offset value<br />
estimated. The calculation of offset parameter allows the separation of size from<br />
geometric errors in free-form profiles/surfaces and the “true” form error estimation.<br />
Keywords: Geometric Product Specification, Free-form inspection, Profile tolerancing,<br />
Product verification, Verification method<br />
Corresponding Author: Andrea Cerardi<br />
Tel.: +39 049 8276734<br />
Fax.: +39 049 8276738<br />
e-mail: andrea.cerardi@unipd.it<br />
Address: via Venezia, 1, 35131 Padova Italy.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
96<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
DESIGN METHODS AND APPLICATIONS<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
97<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Design Methods and Applications<br />
Redesign of an auto-levelling base<br />
for submarine seismic sensor<br />
M. D’Anna (a), T. Ingrassia (a), G. Mangano (b), V. Nigrelli (a)<br />
(a) Università degli Studi di Palermo<br />
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica e Meccanica<br />
(b) Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica - Osservatorio Geofisico di Gibilmanna<br />
Abstract:<br />
The OBS (acronym of Ocean Bottom Seismometer) is a system to monitor the submarine<br />
seismic activity. To properly work, an OBS system needs a suitable auto-levelling base to<br />
maintain a fixed (horizontal) position during the measurement phases.<br />
In this work a new auto-levelling base for submarine seismic sensors has been designed.<br />
During the redesign process a preliminary phase of analysis of the state of art has been<br />
made. Afterwards, the technological solutions chosen by different manufactures have<br />
been critically analysed, and a full description of their functionalities, working principles<br />
and system performances has been carried out. Later, some innovative concepts have<br />
been proposed. Among these ones, the most interesting are the auto-levelling bases with<br />
spherical joint, based on: air bearings, ball bearings and magnetic levitation systems.<br />
The concept scoring method has been used to identify. as best concept, the auto-levelling<br />
base with spherical joint and air bearings system.<br />
Successively, the chosen concept has been implemented: the technical working principles<br />
have been studied to choose the best solutions in terms of dimensions, shapes, materials<br />
of all base components. A full parametric CAD model of the auto-levelling base has been<br />
also created.<br />
The new designed base, by using a very innovative auto-levelling system, allows to obtain<br />
very good results as regards the accuracy of positioning, so ensuring a remarkable<br />
improvement of the performances of the ocean bottom seismometers.<br />
Keywords: Auto-levelling base, Redesign, OBS, Submarine seismic sensor, Air bearings<br />
Corresponding Author: Vincenzo Nigrelli<br />
Tel.: 0039 091 6657148<br />
Fax.: 0039 091 484334<br />
e-mail: vincenzo.nigrelli@unipa.it<br />
Address: viale delle Scienze – Edificio 8 – 90128 Palermo (Italy).<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
98<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Design Methods and Applications<br />
Measuring dynamical parameters for spherical objects:<br />
Application for sports training<br />
E. Lluna (a), V. Santiago Praderas (a), F. Brusola (a), B. Defez (a), I. Lengua Lengua (a)<br />
(a) Universidad Politécnica de Valencia.<br />
Abstract:<br />
Measurement of dynamical parameters like velocity or spin of spherical objects in<br />
movement is important for different purposes in areas like sports training, ballistic, games,<br />
aerospace applications, etc. To obtain these data, many different non contact<br />
measurement techniques have been applied. Common techniques include image<br />
processing, radar, ultrasound or optical devices. Most of the mentioned methods have<br />
important drawbacks to be used in real applications. The paper describe a developed<br />
device to measure dynamical parameters of moving objects based on electro-optical<br />
sensors and its application to sports training .The device avoids most of the drawbacks<br />
and can be used on the field or in industrial environments.<br />
Keywords: Electro-optical device, Non contact measurement, Velocity measurement<br />
Corresponding Author: Victor Santiago<br />
Tel.: +34 96 387 95 18<br />
Fax.: +34 96 387 95 19<br />
e-mail: vicsanpr@upv.es.<br />
Structural and Topological Optimization in Robot Design<br />
S. M. Oliveri (a), M. Calì (a), G. Sequenzia (a), G. Fatuzzo (a)<br />
(a) Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e Meccanica - Università degli Studi di Catania<br />
Abstract:<br />
This work focuses on implementing and applying procedures to optimize the structure of a<br />
robot. This research addresses the problem of determining the optimal topology which<br />
maximizes the rigidity of bodies subject to local stress by uniting structures with different<br />
densities and materials.<br />
This methodology provides a functional analysis of the robot in operation from a threedimensional<br />
elastic perspective with a view to deriving the best configuration.<br />
After a description and an analysis of current optimization techniques, topological and<br />
geometrical methods, SKO (Soft Kill Option) are implemented in a FEM code to appraise<br />
the robot’s components and to allow multiple dynamic loading conditions. We discuss<br />
about some solutions obtained by the classical approach of scaling the stress maximum<br />
associated only by assigning weights and dimensions, and then the results obtained with<br />
the new methodology.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
99<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Design Methods and Applications<br />
The proposed methodology was applied to studying a ‘Tribot’ robot (fig. 1). The Tribot has<br />
three parts: two split driving parts and a manipulator with modular behaviour.<br />
Topological optimization includes aspects such as redrawing size and shape of component.<br />
By using the methodology of rapid prototyping (RP) the solutions were assessed quickly<br />
and particularly lightweight. Reliable modular structures were built.<br />
Keywords: lightweight design, biological structures, strength, SKO, Rapid prototyping.<br />
Corresponding Author: S. Massimo Oliveri<br />
Tel.: +39 095 7382404<br />
Fax.: +39 095 337994<br />
e-mail: moliveri@diim.unict.it<br />
Address: Viale A. Doria, 6 Catania.<br />
Preliminary Design of a New Bridge System<br />
for a Modern Mine Hunter Vessel<br />
D. Boddi (a), M. Vezzani (b)<br />
(a) Naval Academy, Dipartimento di Informatica - LIVORNO (ITALY)<br />
(b) Naval Academy, Dipartimento del Genio Navale - LIVORNO (ITALY)<br />
Abstract:<br />
The present work summarises some of the most relevant aspects of an activity for a<br />
preliminary design of a new bridge system for a modern Italian Navy mine hunter vessel.<br />
The authors have contributed to such activity as a naval consultant and a CAD consultant<br />
respectively. The solution proposed by the authors is an integrated bridge system, which is<br />
an original solution for Italian Navy.<br />
The first part of the work defines the optimum instrumentation for the implementation of<br />
operational tasks and analyses the correct positioning for each and every console within<br />
the integrated bridge.<br />
The second part of the work describes the design activity through the use of 2D and 3D<br />
CAD software, taking into consideration the functional, operative, dimensional and<br />
ergonomical aspects of the instrumentation. As a result of the activity, an operative<br />
methodology is proposed, aimed to reduce the design time.<br />
It is not possible to provide a complete design description as far as part of the information<br />
is confidential.<br />
Keywords: mine hunter, integrated bridge, 3D CAD<br />
Corresponding Author: Marco Vezzani<br />
Tel.: ++39586238296<br />
e-mail: marco_vezzani@marina.difesa.it<br />
Address: Accademia Navale, Viale Italia 72 - 57127 LIVORNO (ITALY).<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
100<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Design Methods and Applications<br />
Study of the impact of a bomb on the side of a vessel<br />
and validation by comparing the original sheet<br />
with numerical simulation<br />
G. García (a), A. Álvarez (a), C. Anido (b), B. Álvarez (b)<br />
(a) Departamento de Construcciones Navales, E.U. Politécnica, Universidad de La Coruña.<br />
(b) Departamento de Economía Financiera y Contabilidad, Universidad de La Coruña.<br />
Abstract:<br />
The present work shows the comparison between the results of simulating the impact of a<br />
bomb in the side of the destroyer “Marqués de la Ensenada” structure and the outcomes<br />
obtained by digitalizing the original sheet that suffered the crash.<br />
On the 2nd of October 1981 an explosive device was placed against the dock of the city of<br />
Santander very close to the destroyer, which was in the port collaborating on the<br />
surveillance of the borderland. The vessel was then towed to the Santander shipyards with<br />
the help of four tugs and moved into dry dock to be urgently repaired. However, the final<br />
repair took place later on at the National Company Bazan dockyards, in Ferrol.<br />
When the damaged elements were substituted, they were handed over to the Naval<br />
Museum of Ferrol for exhibition. This material was used to simulate the explosion by<br />
means of the finite element method and compare these results with the digital<br />
photograph of the real sheet.<br />
Keywords: Bomb, Vessel, Numerical simulation, Finite element method.<br />
Corresponding Author: Ana Álvarez García<br />
Tel.: 34981337400/Ext.3097<br />
Fax.: 34981337301<br />
e-mail: aalvarez@udc.es<br />
Address: Avda. 19 de febrero s/n, 15405 La Coruña (Spain).<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
101<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Design Methods and Applications<br />
Mathematical modelling and simulation<br />
of an adjustable-stiffness spring<br />
J. M. Chacón (a), A. González Rodríguez (b), A. Donoso (c), A. G. González Rodríguez (d)<br />
(a) ETSII, Institute of Applied Mathematics in Science and Engineering,<br />
Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.<br />
(b) ETSII, Department of Applied Mechanics, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.<br />
(c) ETSII, Department of Mathematics, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.<br />
(d) ETSII, Department of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Universidad de Jaén, Spain.<br />
Abstract:<br />
An adjustable-stiffness actuator composed of two antagonistic non-linear springs is<br />
proposed in this paper. The elastic device consists of two pairs of leaf springs working in<br />
pure bending under large displacement hypothesis. Owing to this geometric non-linearity,<br />
the global stiffness of the actuator can be adjusted by modifying the shape of the leaf<br />
springs. A mathematical model has been developed in order to predict the mechanical<br />
behaviour of our proposal. The non-linear differential equation derived from the model is<br />
solved, obtaining large stiffness variations.<br />
Keywords: Compliant-actuators, Adjustable-stiffness, Large displacements, Leaf spring.<br />
Corresponding Author: J.M. Chacón<br />
Tel.: +34 926 29 53 00<br />
Fax.:+34 926 29 53 61<br />
e-mail: jesusmiguel.chacon@uclm.es<br />
Address: Edificio Politécnico s/n 13171, Ciudad Real, Spain.<br />
Design of physical prototypes to analyze aerodynamic effects<br />
J. L. Santolaya (a), R. Miralbés (a), V. Navarro (b), J. A. García (b), E. Calvo (b)<br />
(a) Design and Manufacturing Engineering Department. University of Zaragoza (Spain)<br />
(b) Fluid Mechanics Department. University of Zaragoza (Spain)<br />
Abstract:<br />
The testing of physical prototypes is a critical step in the product design process since it<br />
allows detecting ignored faults and establishing actual manufacturing costs. By means of<br />
tests in experimental facilities, it is possible to obtain clarification on complex problems, to<br />
improve mechanical systems operation and to compare empirical results with theoretical<br />
models and numerical simulations data.<br />
This work was aimed at designing of two different physical prototypes for specific<br />
purposes: a device to achieve the efficient atomization of a bulk liquid and vortex<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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generators units to reduce drag in heavy trucks. In both cases, the involved aerodynamic<br />
phenomena will be comprehensively characterized in laboratory.<br />
Special emphasis was put in the development of prototypes which were able to allow us<br />
making a wide number of distinct alternatives with low building costs. Thus, modular<br />
designs based on the quick exchange between parts, were carried out. In addition, simple<br />
geometry components and basic mechanical systems were proposed. In the two cases, up<br />
to 400 different configurations of study were obtained.<br />
Keywords: Physical prototype, Modular design, Alternatives of study, Aerodynamic<br />
phenomena<br />
Corresponding Author: José Luis Santolaya<br />
Tel.:+34 976 761900<br />
Fax.: +34 976 762235<br />
e-mail: jlsanto@unizar.es<br />
Address: C/ María de Luna, 3 - (50018) Zaragoza - Spain.<br />
Design optimization based on eco-design<br />
and mechanical analysis<br />
I. Lopez (a), R. Miralbes (a)<br />
(a) Design and Manufacture Engineering Department. University of Zaragoza (Spain)<br />
Abstract:<br />
The work presented here attempts to show the advantages of relating design tools and<br />
methods that impact on improvement methodology and outcome of product design, in<br />
this case eco-design and the mechanical analysis are related in order to optimize the<br />
design to generate a lower environmental impact without loss of functional performance.<br />
The methodology proposes a market survey to select the objects to analyze, in which<br />
observe the environmental impact analysis with a specific tool so the ranges of optimal<br />
values in production, use and disposal of values and objectives and as the use of ecodesign<br />
strategies are set. At the same time, a mechanical study using reverse engineering,<br />
loads and stress analysis, by means of finite elements that just results in a number of<br />
conditions and values to be taken into account in future design.<br />
Once the research and analysis raises the design stage in which proposals are made, those<br />
are analyzed using the same tools, in terms of environmental impact and structural<br />
strength, to establish more robust design from a series of alternative proposals according<br />
to predetermined design criteria.<br />
This work aims to link the findings of both analysis so as to enable optimum results and<br />
compatible design specifications and thus show the current need to develop hybrid<br />
methods that relate to the different techniques and tools.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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Keywords: Design methods, Eco-design, Mechanical analysis, Hybrid projects, Design<br />
specifications.<br />
Corresponding Author: Ramon Miralbes<br />
Tel.:+347976761888<br />
Fax.:+34/976762670<br />
E-mail: miralbes@unizar.es<br />
Address: Dept. Ing. Diseño. y Fabricación, Ed. Torres Quevedo, C/ María de Luna s/n, 50018<br />
Zaragoza (Spain).<br />
Development of a trade-off function<br />
for robust optimization problems in design engineering<br />
T. Quirante (a), P. Sebastian (a), Y. Ledoux (a)<br />
(a) Université de Bordeaux, I2M, UMR CNRS 5295, Esplanade des Arts et Métiers, FRANCE<br />
Abstract:<br />
In industrial design processes, engineers and designers always need to perform<br />
compromises between many different design objectives. In particular, trades-off between<br />
nominal performance and design sensitivity have received increasing interests in the past<br />
few years. Robust design optimization methods focus on such conflicting issues in design<br />
engineering. Specific functions dedicated to the RDO framework, expressing the<br />
admissible compromises expected between nominal performance and design sensitivity<br />
have not yet stimulated much developments. The main purpose of this research work<br />
aims to develop a trade-off function to select among a set of alternatives, solutions which<br />
achieve rational compromises between design objectives. The design optimization model,<br />
composed by a model of the system behavior and a knowledge-based model, is<br />
formulated through observation, interpretation and aggregation functions. Such a<br />
procedure enables first to model preferences, provides a quality indicator for design<br />
solutions and finally turns the initial multiobjective optimization problem into a monoobjective<br />
problem which is solved stochastically by genetic algorithm. As an illustration of<br />
the trade-off approach, the method is used to achieve robust solutions for a side-impact<br />
crashworthiness problem.<br />
Keywords: Robust design, Trade-off, Preference modeling, Multiobjective optimization,<br />
Genetic algorithm.<br />
Corresponding Author: Thomas Quirante<br />
Tel.: +33 (0) 556 845 414<br />
Fax.: +33 (0) 556 845 436<br />
e-mail: thomas.quirante@u-bordeaux1.fr<br />
Address: Université de Bordeaux, IMS, UMR CNRS 5295, Esplanade des Arts et Métiers, 33405<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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Talence Cedex, FRANCE.<br />
Design of a device for stability control system,<br />
to decouple loads,<br />
for an optimised maintenance in hostile environment<br />
R. Ambu (a), C. Falchi (a), A. Manuello Bertetto (a)<br />
(a) Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cagliari, Italy<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
Among the primary objectives in future space missions, the building of lunar bases has a<br />
growing attention. For this reason, beside the lunar rovers allocated to the exploration<br />
missions, lunar vehicles assigned to working missions have to be considered.<br />
In this paper the design of a particular device developed for the lifting mechanism of a<br />
worker rover, is reported. The main task of this rover is to clear areas of the lunar soil<br />
allocated to the building of lunar bases.<br />
Method:<br />
Parametric modelling and numerical simulations were used to obtain compact geometries<br />
of the components and assess the structural behaviour of the most significant under<br />
extreme operating conditions.<br />
Result:<br />
The components of the device, relative in particular to the transmission mechanism, were<br />
developed for an optimal operating of the vehicle as concerns the stability control and the<br />
correct operating of the linear actuator under load, keeping into account at the same time<br />
the peculiar characteristics of the hostile lunar environment.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
The optimally designed device, thanks to replaceable components, allows to recover an<br />
efficient system after long working periods. The introduction of the device in a prototype<br />
rover will allow to define the performance of the proposed arrangement.<br />
Keywords: design, worker rover, hostile environment<br />
Corresponding Author: Rita Ambu<br />
Tel.:+396755709<br />
Fax.:+396755717<br />
e-mail: ambu@iris.unica.it<br />
Address: Piazza d’Armi, 09123 Cagliari, Italy.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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Design Methods and Applications<br />
Design optimization:<br />
management of large solution spaces<br />
and optimization algorithm selection<br />
A. Collignan (a), J. Pailhes (b), P. Sebastian (a)<br />
(a) Université de Bordeaux, I2M departement IMC; Esplanade des Arts & Métiers, FRANCE<br />
(b) Arts et Métiers Paristech, I2M departement IMC; Esplanade des Arts & Métiers, FRANCE<br />
Abstract:<br />
Context:<br />
In aeronautical industry, iterations between design department and simulation<br />
department - named "trial-and-error process" - are time and money consuming. Design<br />
and modelling of a fastened junction is a design problem often encountered, with a high<br />
complexity level.<br />
Modelling:<br />
from a finite element model to simulate the stress in each fastener of the junction. Several<br />
criterion are calculated. Actually, the software cannot perform any optimization process.<br />
Design variables of this problem are numerous.<br />
Optimization:<br />
In order to solve the trial-and-error process and decrease the number of iterations, it is<br />
proposed to use a global optimization algorithm. Four stochastic algorithms inspired by<br />
nature are investigated: genetic algorithms, particle swarms, artificial immune systems<br />
and ant systems. Confronted to six benchmarks, an algorithm is selected and applied to<br />
the junction problem through three design scenarios, which illustrate the formalization of<br />
designer preferences.<br />
Keywords: Multi-criteria, Mechanical design, Optimization algorithms, Large design space,<br />
Riveted junction.<br />
Corresponding Author: Arnaud Collignan<br />
Tel.: +33 556 845 414<br />
Fax.: +33 556 845 436<br />
e-mail: arnaud.collignan@ensam.eu<br />
Address: Laboratoire TREFLE, Esplanade des Arts & Métiers, 33405 TALENCE Cedex, FRANCE.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
106<br />
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Design Methods and Applications<br />
A CAD toolbox for Composite Materials Modelling and Drawing<br />
A. Ceruti (a), D. Francia (a), A. Liverani (a), G. Caligiana (a)<br />
(a) Department DIEM, University of Bologna<br />
Abstract:<br />
The importance of composite materials in industrial applications in growing mainly due to<br />
a very advantageous strength/weight ratio and to the capability of modelling complex<br />
geometric shapes. Thus, the handling of composite materials within CAD systems requires<br />
a different approach with respect to classic metallic materials. As a matter of fact, only<br />
advanced and expensive CAD systems provide dedicated modules for composite materials<br />
modelling, drawing and manufacturing. This paper presents the development of an add-on<br />
toolbox for general purpose CAD systems, designed to help a CAD designer to operate<br />
with composite materials. The toolbox provides an integrated environment whose main<br />
capabilities are: laminate properties dynamic link with digital model, automatic<br />
computation of laminate orthotropic properties, automated generation of materials bill<br />
for suppliers, assisted 2D drawing. The add-on has been developed keeping into account<br />
the European standardization related to composite drawing. Results obtained confirm the<br />
usefulness of this simple add-on, even if the integration with more functions would<br />
increase the capabilities. This paper presents some preliminary results; in the following,<br />
this tools will be improved to handle variable thickness composites and complex shapes.<br />
Keywords: Computer Aided Design, Composite Materials, Modelling, Man Machine<br />
Interface, Drawing.<br />
Corresponding Author: Alessandro Ceruti<br />
Tel.:+39 051 2093452<br />
Fax.:+39 051 2093412<br />
e-mail: alessandro.ceruti@unibo.it<br />
Address: University of Bologna, Department of Mechanical, Nuclear, Aeronautical Engineering and<br />
Metallurgy, V.le del Risorgimento 2, Bologna.<br />
Improving Helicopter Flight Simulation with Rotor Vibrations<br />
A. Ceruti (a), A. Liverani (a), L. Recanatesi (a)<br />
(a) University of Bologna, DIEM Department<br />
Abstract:<br />
Helicopters are complicated flying machines, whose lift is obtained by a main rotor, made<br />
by a variable number of blades. The large amount of rotating mass (rotors, engine,<br />
gearboxes) is responsible of high level vibrations over the helicopter structure: their<br />
amplitude is highly coupled with manoeuvring, so that pilots can feel flight phases not<br />
only by noise and external view, but also by vibrations intensity. An experimental<br />
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campaign has been carried out to acquire vibration data over helicopters. The paper<br />
describes the implementation of a simulator which provides also the reproduction of<br />
vibration felt in flight by pilot. The attention is focused on the conceptual and preliminary<br />
design, CAD modelling, FEM analysis, manufacturing and testing of the device conceived<br />
to reproduce vibrations over the pilot’s seat. Only the first frequency of the rotor is<br />
reproduced since it is the most important excitations and it is variable, depending on the<br />
flight phase. The shaker has been built and installed on a simulator. The final result shows<br />
that such a simulator can improve the realism involving not only the senses of sight and<br />
hearing, but also providing a more “physical” feedback due to vibrations perception.<br />
Keywords: Simulation, Computer Aided Design, Design Methodology, Vibrations, Finite<br />
Element Analysis.<br />
Corresponding Author: Alessandro Ceruti<br />
Tel.:+39 051 2093452<br />
Fax.:+39 051 2093412<br />
e-mail: alessandro.ceruti@unibo.it<br />
Address: University of Bologna, Department of Mechanical, Nuclear, Aeronautical Engineering and<br />
Metallurgy.<br />
Optimization by Particle Swarm Algorithms<br />
of an UAV performed by Hot Wire Cutting Techniques<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
A. Ceruti (a), G. Caligiana (a), F. Persiani (a)<br />
(a) University of Bologna, DIEM Department<br />
Abstract:<br />
This paper describes an original application of unconventional optimization techniques by<br />
Particle Swarm Algorithms. An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle performed by Hot Wire Cutting is<br />
designed for a typical civil mission defining geometry and aerodynamics with a Particle<br />
Swarm Algorithm. The tailless configuration of the vehicle requires an accurate design to<br />
gain the satisfaction of all the requirements and to obtain a low cost solution. Only an<br />
unconventional technique can be applied because of the high non linearity of the problem<br />
and the high number of parameters to be defined. A first preliminary series of tests have<br />
been carried out to define the best values for inertia and acceleration coefficients of the<br />
Particle Swarm algorithm; in the following the algorithm results have been compared with<br />
those obtained by other two techniques like Genetic Algorithms and Monte Carlo<br />
Simulations. The result of this study shows how the Rapid Prototyping techniques can be<br />
applied to the performing of small lots of UAV: the required optimal design is gained<br />
applying the Particle Swarm Algorithm. The conclusion of this work confirms the suitability<br />
of non conventional optimization methods to non linear problems: Genetic Algorithms<br />
and Particle Swarm optimization provide similar results in term of fitness maximization,<br />
while Monte Carlo algorithm presents a lower efficiency. The Particle Swarm and Monte<br />
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Carlo algorithms are simple to implement within a software code with respect to the<br />
Genetic Algorithms which are quite difficult to code.<br />
Keywords: Rapid Prototyping, Particle Swarm Algorithm, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle,<br />
Conceptual Design, Optimization.<br />
Corresponding Author: Alessandro Ceruti<br />
Tel.: 051/2093452 – 0543/374448<br />
Fax.: 0543/374477<br />
e-mail: alessandro.ceruti@unibo.it<br />
Address: University of Bologna - DIEM Department, V.le del Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna ; II<br />
Faculty of Engineering, Via Fontanelle 40, 47100 Forlì.<br />
Decision support system to design autonomous microsystems<br />
V. Dupé (a, b), R. Briand (a), X. Fischer (a, b), P. Sébastian (b)<br />
(a) ESTIA<br />
(b) I2M UMR CNRS 5295<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
This article deals with modelling and design of embedded autonomous microsystems able<br />
to harvest energy from their close environment. Due to their numerous functionalities,<br />
progress in electronics and the development of wireless applications, microsystems are<br />
used in a wide range of applications. Moreover, they require a large autonomy to ensure<br />
reliability and avoid maintenance operations. We focus on energy harvesting to power<br />
them to replace the conventional energy source with an energy harvester. Different<br />
sources can be used but one difficulty is to select the most adapted to a specific<br />
application and choose the energy harvester architecture to get an efficient system.<br />
Method:<br />
A decision support to design autonomous microsystems working by harvesting energy is<br />
proposed. It aims to support designer’s decisions from qualitative representation to<br />
physical models. Our approach is based on the identification, analysis, modelling and<br />
minimization of antagonist flows and effects through a system-level model to estimate the<br />
energy that can be harvested.<br />
Result:<br />
The method is illustrated through a validation case dealing with the displacement and<br />
deformation measurement of a cantilever beam with an accelerometer. The aim is to<br />
choose the energy source and the architecture of the energy harvester to satisfy the<br />
requirements.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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Through the application, this paper demonstrates the relevance of our tool in aiding the<br />
design of the energetic part of an autonomous embedded microsystem. We can also note<br />
that our top-down approach can be use as a decision tool.<br />
Keywords: autonomous microsystems, energy harvesting, decision support,<br />
multidisciplinary approach, system-level modelling.<br />
Corresponding Author: Valérie Dupé<br />
Tel.:+33559438476<br />
Fax.: +33559438405<br />
e-mail: v.dupe@estia.fr<br />
Address: Technopôle Izarbel, 64210 Bidart, France.<br />
3D CAD and multi-domain simulation integration<br />
for Energy Scavenger design<br />
S. Tornincasa (a), E. Bonisoli (a), F. Di Monaco (a)<br />
(a) Department of Production Systems and Business Economics, Politecnico di Torino, ITALY<br />
Abstract:<br />
This paper presents an example of integration between 3D CAD models and multi-domain<br />
simulation applied to the optimization of an energy scavenger device. A MATLAB®<br />
framework controls a block-oriented Simulink® model of the energy scavenger, drives the<br />
FEMM finite element magnetic simulation of the device and manages the updating of the<br />
SolidWorks® CAD models. All the model parameters are stored in a unique data file from<br />
which data for all simulations and models are extracted. This leads to a reduction in both<br />
the number of errors produced and the time required at the design stage. Moreover<br />
constructive drawings are automatically updated and are immediately suitable for<br />
tolerance and design constraints checks and also for the effective prototyping of the<br />
device. Constructed prototypes are suitable for experimental tests and model<br />
performance validations.<br />
Keywords: Virtual Prototyping, CAD-CAE integration, Multi-domain Simulation, Energy Harvester<br />
Corresponding Author: Stefano Tornincasa<br />
Tel.: +39 011 090 7274<br />
Fax.: +39 011 090 7299<br />
e-mail: stefano.tornincasa@polito.it<br />
Address: C.so Duca degli Abruzzi, 24 - 10129 Torino, ITALY.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
110<br />
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ENGINEERING METHODS IN MEDICINE<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
111<br />
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Engineering Methods in Medicine<br />
An integrated methodology<br />
for functional simulation of dental prosthesis<br />
R. Meneghello (a), M. Turchetto (a), G. Savio (a), A. Cerardi (a), R. Raffaeli (b), L. Planchenstainer (a)<br />
(a) Università di Padova - DAUR - Laboratorio di Disegno e Metodi dell’Ingegneria Industriale<br />
(b) Università Politecnica delle Marche - Dipartimento di Meccanica - Design Tools and Methods Group<br />
Abstract:<br />
Studies and implementations of virtual and physical prototyping on dental prosthesis can<br />
be found in literature, together with experimental studies on forces generated during<br />
chewing due to occlusal geometry.<br />
In this work it is proposed an integrated methodology for the functional simulation of<br />
dental prosthesis. This methodology develops in three phases: virtual and physical<br />
prototyping, contact forces and areas analysis and functional optimization of teeth and<br />
arches geometry.<br />
A virtual environment for the modeling of the prosthesis (NM - Tooth) was developed: it<br />
includes a database of 3D CAD models of artificial teeth and allows to simulate the<br />
fabrication techniques used in dentistry. In particular, it is possible to create a full denture<br />
virtual model by a semi - automatic procedure, where a preliminary occlusal configuration<br />
is set up. By using rapid-prototyping techniques, a physical model of the prosthesis is<br />
manufactured which is utilized for the experimental analysis.<br />
The analysis phase includes the study of the occlusion forces in relation to the<br />
identification of contact areas. A multi - axial force measuring system allows the detection<br />
of forces acting on the physical model. Simultaneously with a reverse engineering<br />
procedure the relevant contact areas in the virtual model are related with the load<br />
configuration.<br />
According to the experimental output, it is possible to modify the preliminary geometry<br />
both of the arches and of the individual tooth.<br />
This integrated methodology is an original instrument to study the dental prosthesis and<br />
acquire information for its functional improvement.<br />
Keywords: Simulation, Prototyping, CAD 3D, Occlusion force, Dental prosthesis.<br />
Corresponding Author: Roberto Meneghello<br />
Tel.:+39 049 827 6736<br />
Fax.: +39 049 827 6738<br />
e-mail: roberto.meneghello@unipd.it<br />
Address: via Venezia 1, 35131 Padova Italy.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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Design of a new tibial intramedullary nail<br />
T. Ingrassia (a), A. Mancuso (a)<br />
(a) Università degli Studi di Palermo,<br />
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica e Meccanica<br />
Abstract:<br />
Aim of this work is designing a new intramedullary nail able to reduce the drawbacks of<br />
the distal locking, ensuring the axial stability, so enabling a speedy recovery of the fracture<br />
and a time-reduced immobilization of the limb.<br />
During the first phases of the design process, the parametric CAD model has been carried<br />
out and, successively, several numerical analyses have been set up to verify the nail<br />
behaviour under the usual post-operation loading conditions.<br />
In particular, non linear FEM analyses have been performed to define the right nail<br />
positioning, the average and maximum values of stress and contact pressure, and the<br />
stability of the joining by means of the new nail.<br />
The obtained results have shown a not uniform contact pressure distribution at the nailtibia<br />
interface due to the irregularity of the inner surfaces of the tibia.<br />
Moreover, no longitudinal or rotational sliding has been observed during the numerical<br />
simulations, then demonstrating the effectiveness of the distal locking by the expansion of<br />
the flanges nail.<br />
The new designed nail, besides simplifying the distal locking procedure and reducing the<br />
operation time, it is able to assure a reliable distal fixation and ensuring the stability of the<br />
system.<br />
Keywords: Intramedullary nail, FEM analyses, Redesign.<br />
Corresponding Author: Antonio Mancuso<br />
Tel.: 0039 091 6657145<br />
Fax.: 0039 091 484334<br />
e-mail: antonio.mancuso@unipa.it<br />
Address: viale delle Scienze – Edificio 8 – 90128 Palermo (Italy).<br />
A Novel Method of Removing Artifacts in Dental CT Images<br />
M. Martorelli (a)<br />
(a) University of Naples, Federico II, School of Engineering<br />
Abstract:<br />
The artifacts that appear on maxillofacial X-ray computed tomography (CT) images are<br />
mainly caused by the presence of metallic prosthetic appliances (such as amalgam or gold<br />
fillings). They cause problems in the three dimensional virtual reconstruction and in the<br />
eventual physical reproduction by Rapid Prototyping systems.<br />
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At present the classification of different artifact types, metallic presences or artifacts<br />
induced by them, is left to the experience and sensitivity of the operator.<br />
In this paper an innovative methodology to automatically remove the artifacts in CT data<br />
is presented.<br />
An expert system based on fuzzy logic was used to process the CT images and to clean<br />
them automatically leaving the decisional phase to the computer.<br />
Decisional networks were created, using the Hounsfield scale values of each CT image<br />
pixel. for the membership functions.<br />
Keywords: CT Images, Metallic Artifacts, Expert System, Fuzzy Logic.<br />
Corresponding Author: Massimo Martorelli<br />
Tel./Fax: +39 081 7682470<br />
e-mail: massimo.martorelli@unina.it<br />
Address: P. le Tecchio, 80, 80125, Naples - Italy.<br />
3D facial symmetry evaluation from high-density scanned data<br />
L. Di Angelo (a), P. Di Stefano (a), A. Spezzaneve (a)<br />
(a) D.I.M.E.G, Faculty of Engineering, L'Aquila<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
This paper proposes a new method for the identification of the symmetry plane of the<br />
human face, starting from a 3D high – density scanned data. This plane is used to evaluate<br />
the local and mean asymmetries of the face.<br />
Method:<br />
The proposed method evaluates the symmetry plane taking into consideration the initial<br />
estimation of the symmetry plane performed by an iterative mirroring and registrationbased<br />
method. Once the mirroring of the original data is carried out with respect to the<br />
symmetry plane which has been previously estimated, the source point cloud and the<br />
mirrored data are registered by the ICP algorithm that minimises a new weighted<br />
function. The final symmetry plane obtained approximates in the least-squares sense the<br />
midpoints of the lines connecting homologous points randomly chosen.<br />
Result:<br />
This method is validated by analysing some specifically-designed test cases. The obtained<br />
results show that the method is insensitive to local asymmetries, whether they be near or<br />
far from the symmetry plane, and is also repeatable and slightly conditioned by the<br />
acquisition process.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
This method offers promising applications not just in the medical field but also in the face<br />
recognition field. Future work should address how to improve the performance of the<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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method in terms of timing costs and how to use the symmetry plane for face feature<br />
segmentation and for facial authentication and recognition.<br />
Keywords: rasterstereography, registration, mirroring, symmetry plane, asymmetry.<br />
Corresponding Author: Luca Di Angelo<br />
Tel: 00390862434310<br />
e-mail: luca.diangelo @univaq.it<br />
Address: Via G. Gronchi 18, L’Aquila, Italy.<br />
Methods and tools dedicated to shoes customization<br />
for people with diabetes<br />
M. Germani (a), M. Mandolini (a), M. Mengoni (a), R. Raffaeli (a) , E. Montiel (b), M. Davia(b)<br />
(a) Università Politecnica delle Marche, Dipartimento di Meccanica<br />
(b) INESCOP, Instituto Tecnológico del Calzado y Conexas<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
Study and development of innovative tools in order to support the design and<br />
manufacturing of customised shoes for people with diabetes.<br />
Method:<br />
The approach is based on the identification of main critical stages of footwear<br />
customisation when patient parameters have to be properly used; medical knowledge<br />
formalisation is translated in new software design tools that interest the footwear shape<br />
and the suitable materials.<br />
Result:<br />
Rapid customisation of preventive shoes for people with diabetes<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
“Diabetic foot” in one the main effects of diabetes; it is important to develop shoes able to<br />
prevent this kind of complication. This paper reports an approach and related design tools<br />
that allow customising shoes on the basis of patient features. Rapid manufacturing<br />
technologies have to be still analysed in order to complete the whole process.<br />
Keywords: Footwear, CAD, Biomechanics, Diabetes<br />
Corresponding Author: Michele Germani<br />
Tel.: +39-71-2204969<br />
Fax.:+39-71-2204801<br />
e-mail: m.germani@univpm.it<br />
Address: Via Brecce Bianche, 12, Dipartimento di Meccanica, 60131 Ancona.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
115<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Engineering Methods in Medicine<br />
Structural analysis<br />
of a posterior stability total knee joint replacement<br />
T. Ingrassia (a), L. Nalbone (b), V. Nigrelli (a), D. Tumino (c), V. Ricotta (a)<br />
(a) Università degli Studi di Palermo,<br />
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica e Meccanica<br />
(b) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Paolo Giaccone di Palermo,<br />
Ambulatorio di Ortopedia e Traumatologia<br />
(c) Università degli Studi di Enna Kore – Facoltà di Ingegneria ed Architettura<br />
Abstract:<br />
Aim of this work is to compare two different total knee prostheses that differ in the shape<br />
of the Polyethylene (PE) insert, trying to optimize the shape of the best one, in order to<br />
reduce the stress peaks.<br />
The study procedure has been divided into the following steps. First step has been the<br />
three-dimensional shape acquisition of the two prostheses by means of a COMET5 3D<br />
scanner. The morphology of two prototypes of the prostheses has been acquired by<br />
elaborating multiple Moirè fringe pattern projected on their surfaces. Second step<br />
consisted of the manipulation of these data in a CAD module, that is the interpolation of<br />
raw data into parametric surfaces, reducing singularities due to the typical scattering of<br />
the acquiring system. Third step has been the setting up of FEM simulations to evaluate<br />
the prostheses behaviour under typical loading conditions. The CAD model of the<br />
prostheses has been meshed into solid finite elements.<br />
Different flexion angles configurations have been analysed, the load being applied along<br />
the femoral axis. FEM analyses have returned stress fields in the PE insert and, in<br />
particular, in the stabilizing cam which function is to avoid dislocation.<br />
Last step has been the integrated use of CAD-FEM to modify the shape of the stabilizing<br />
cam of the best prosthesis, in order to reduce the stress peaks in the original prosthesis<br />
without compromising the kinematics of the joint. Good results have been obtained both<br />
in terms of stress and contact pressure peaks reduction.<br />
Keywords: Total knee replacement, FEM simulation, Contact analysis.<br />
Corresponding Author: Davide Tumino<br />
Tel: (+39) 0935536491<br />
Fax.: (+39) 091484334<br />
e-mail: davide.tumino@unikore.it<br />
Address: Facoltà di Ingegneria e Architettura, Cittadella Universitaria, 94100, Enna.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
116<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Engineering Methods in Medicine<br />
Studying the influence of thread features<br />
in osseo-integrated implants<br />
P. Franciosa(a), M. Martorelli(b)<br />
(a) University of Molise, School of Engineering<br />
(b) University of Naples, Federico II, School of Engineering<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
The present paper investigates the influence of implant design factors in terms of bone<br />
integrity and implant stability.<br />
Method:<br />
First of all, a 3D parametric CAD model was developed. Then, by defining domain settings<br />
and boundary conditions, a 3D FE model was created, accordingly. In order to simulate as<br />
well as possible the physical interaction at bone-implant interface, identity pairs were<br />
introduced. After generating different design scenarios with a DOE approach, the most<br />
significant design factors were obtained.<br />
Result:<br />
Finding of this research showed that the geometry of the screw-thread highly influences<br />
the implant stability. More specifically, thread-width and -tick assume a crucial role to<br />
reduce bone induced stresses and bone damage.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
Starting from these preliminary results, future improvements will focus on investigating<br />
also two-factor and higher interactions to better understand the implant loading<br />
mechanism.<br />
Keywords: Thread parameterisation, Osseo-integration, FE modelling, DOE design, Bonestress<br />
distribution<br />
Corresponding Author: Massimo Martorelli<br />
Tel.: +39 081 7682470<br />
Fax.: +39 081 7682470<br />
e-mail: massimo.martorelli@unina.it<br />
Address: P. le Tecchio, 80, 80125, Naples - Italy<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
117<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Engineering Methods in Medicine<br />
Analysis and design of a thrombectomy device<br />
by using simulation techniques<br />
G. Romero (a), M. L. Martinez (a), J. Felez (a), G. Pearce (b), G. Romero (a), M. L. Martinez (a), J. Felez<br />
(a), G. Pearce (b), N. D. Perkinson (c)<br />
(a) ETS Industrial Engineering, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid. Spain<br />
(b) Wolverhampton University. United Kingdom.<br />
(c) Whatangamata, Waikato. New Zealand.<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
In this work, we present the analysis, design and optimization of one experimental device<br />
recently developed in the UK, called the 'GP' Thrombus Aspiration Device (GPTAD). This<br />
device has been designed to remove blood clots without the need to make contact with<br />
the clot itself thereby potentially reducing the risk of problems such as downstream<br />
embolisation.<br />
Method:<br />
To obtain the minimum pressure necessary to extract the clot and to optimize the device,<br />
we have simulated the performance of the GPTAD analysing the resistances, compliances<br />
and inertances effects. We model a range of diameters for the GPTAD considering<br />
different forces of adhesion of the blood clot to the artery wall, and different lengths of<br />
blood clot. In each case we determine the optimum pressure required to extract the blood<br />
clot from the artery using the GPTAD, which is attached at its proximal end to a suction<br />
pump.<br />
Result:<br />
We then compare the results of our mathematical modelling to measurements made in<br />
laboratory using plastic tube models of arteries of comparable diameter. We use abattoir<br />
porcine blood clots that are extracted using the GPTAD. The suction pressures required for<br />
such clot extraction in the plastic tube models compare favourably with those predicted<br />
by the mathematical modelling.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
We conclude therefore that the mathematical modelling is a useful technique in<br />
predicting the performance of the GPTAD and may potentially be used in optimising the<br />
design of the device.<br />
Keywords: Biomedical engineering, Thrombectomy Device, Stroke, Simulation techniques.<br />
Corresponding Author: Gregorio Romero<br />
Tel.: +34 91 336 3115<br />
Fax.: +34 91 336 3212<br />
e-mail: gregorio.romero@upm.es<br />
Address: C\ Jose Gutierrez Abascal Nº 2. 28006. Madrid. Spain.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
118<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Engineering Methods in Medicine<br />
Innovative design of customized surgical devices<br />
for mandibular rehabilitation<br />
M. Fantini (a), F. De Crescenzio (a), L. Ciocca (b)<br />
(a) Second Faculty of Engineering, University of Bologna<br />
(b) Department of Oral Science, University of Bologna<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
Design and manufacturing of a customized surgical device composed by a cutting guide<br />
and a bone plate to guide osteotomies according to virtual pre-operative planning and<br />
support the following mandibular reconstruction.<br />
Method:<br />
Pre-operative computed tomography (CT) scan data of the pilot study (mandible affected<br />
by ameloblastoma) are elaborated to produce a virtual surgical plan including osteotomy<br />
sites, entity of bone resection and therefore reconstruction. STL files are produced for a<br />
cutting guide and a bone plate. The cutting guide and the bone plate of the device are<br />
finally constructed by Direct Metal Laser Sintering.<br />
Result:<br />
An innovative customized surgical device (cutting guide + bone plate) is finally developed<br />
to assist the two steps mandibular rehabilitation (resection and reconstruction). The<br />
surgical device is ready to use for surgery and do not need any further manual operations<br />
intraoperatively.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
This pilot study using CAD-CAM customized cutting guides and reconstructive bone plates<br />
for mandibular rehabilitation may represent an innovative viable way to better reproduce<br />
the patient’s anatomical contour of the mandible.<br />
Keywords: Computed Tomography, 3D Reconstruction, Computer Aided Design, Rapid<br />
Prototyping, Direct Metal Laser Sintering.<br />
Corresponding Author: Massimiliano Fantini<br />
Tel.: +39 0543 374437<br />
Fax.: +39 0543 374444<br />
e-mail: massimiliano.fantini@unibo.it<br />
Address: Università di Bologna, Seconda Facoltà di Ingegneria, via Fontanelle 40, 47121 Forlì (FC).<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
119<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Engineering Methods in Medicine<br />
Analysis of TMJ replacement using a finite element model<br />
M. Mesnard (a), A. Ramos (b), Y. Nyashin (c), M. Aoun (a), J. A. Simoes (b), V. A. Lokhov (c)<br />
(a) Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Mécanique et d’Ingénierie, CNRS UMR 5295, Bordeaux, Fr.<br />
(b) University of Aveiro, Departamento de Engenharia Mecanica, Aveiro, Po.<br />
(c) Technical University of Perm, Department of Theoretical Mechanics, Perm, Ru.<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose<br />
Prosthetic materials and bone present quite different mechanical properties.<br />
Consequently, the condyle reconstruction with metallic materials modifies the<br />
physiological behaviour of the mandible.<br />
Method<br />
A validated finite element model (FEM) was used to evaluate the natural mandible strains<br />
and the condyle displacements. Modifications of strains and displacements were then<br />
assessed for two different temporomandibular joint implants.<br />
Result<br />
FEM made it possible to verify the worst loading configuration for the mandibular condyle.<br />
Replacing the natural condyle by one of the two implants, the results also demonstrated<br />
the importance of the implant geometry concerning the mandible behavior. The implant<br />
geometry and stiffness influence mainly the strain distribution.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion<br />
The different forces applied to the mandible by the elevator muscles, the teeth and the<br />
joint loads, point out that the FEM constitutes a relevant tool to optimize implant<br />
geometry or to choose a more suitable distribution of the surgical screws.<br />
Keywords: Temporomandibular Joint, Prosthesis, Finite element analysis, Strain pattern,<br />
Condyle displacements<br />
Corresponding Author: Mesnard Michel<br />
Tel.: ++ 33 6 07 68 80 92<br />
Fax.: ++ 33 5 40 00 69 64<br />
michel.mesnard@u-bordeaux1.fr<br />
Address: I2M, CNRS UMR 5295 (Bt.A4), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence cedex, Fr.<br />
A CA system for RGP contact lens design<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
L. D’Angelo (a), M. Rizzi (a)<br />
(a) University of Ferrara, Engineering Dept. (ENDIF), Italy<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
120<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Engineering Methods in Medicine<br />
Development of procedures aimed at assisting lens designer when RGP lenses are to be<br />
prescribed to a patient.<br />
Method:<br />
Procedures have been partly developed and partly adapted, (i) to choose the most<br />
suitable lens shape category for a specific visual defect, and (ii) for determining lens<br />
geometrical parameters. In some cases lens designer is asked to choose among two<br />
alternatives.<br />
Result:<br />
The program covers all the more widespread lens categories and is ready for testing by the<br />
potential users.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
This work originates from the objective of reducing the number of trials before the<br />
definitive lens is produced. The initial idea to develop a dedicated CAD/CAM system is at<br />
the moment in standby, as lens manufacturers distrust optician solutions.<br />
Keywords: DSS, contact lens design, RGP contact lenses<br />
Corresponding Author: Luciano D’Angelo<br />
Tel.: +39 0532 974885<br />
Fax.: +39 0532 974870<br />
e-mail: dal@unife.it<br />
Address: via Saragat 1 Ferrara.<br />
Shape modeling and analysis of a human eye based<br />
on individual experimental data<br />
S. Giovanzana (a), G. Savio (a), R. Meneghello (a), G. Concheri (a)<br />
(a) DAUR – Laboratory of Design Tools and Methods in Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Italy<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
The aim of this work is to develop a virtual environment for modeling and analysis an<br />
individual virtual eye which is able to integrate the modern imaging techniques as input<br />
data.<br />
Method:<br />
The virtual environment is developed in a 3D CAD by means of specific plug-ins due to the<br />
ability of this software to manage freeform surfaces and to the simplicity in the scripts<br />
implementation.<br />
Result:<br />
Spot of confusion analysis has been performed on two virtual eyes, with data derived from<br />
literature and by topography measurements.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
121<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Engineering Methods in Medicine<br />
Experimental measurements and literature data provide expected results in the spot of<br />
confusion analysis.<br />
Keywords: Geometric modeling, Ray tracing, Spot of confusion, Virtual eye, Topography.<br />
Corresponding Author: Stefano Giovanzana<br />
Tel.: +39 049 8276734<br />
Fax.: +39 049 8276739<br />
e-mail: lol_740@hotmail.com<br />
Address: Via Venezia, 1 - 35131 Padova.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
122<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
REPRESENTATION TECHNIQUES<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
123<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Representation Techniques<br />
Main axonometric system related views as tilt<br />
of the coordinate planes<br />
L. Gimena (a), P. Gonzaga (a), F. N. Gimena (a)<br />
(a) Department of Projects Engineering. Public University of Navarra<br />
Abstract:<br />
In this communication we start both from a trirectangular trihedral defined by the three<br />
coordinate planes and a fourth plane, called the chart or projection, which contains the<br />
vertex of the trihedral above. Later we define the main related views or trihedral views as<br />
those produced by the tilt of the three coordinate planes to the outside of their trihedral<br />
on the chart plane. For each projection plane there are some unique main related views,<br />
regardless of the projection direction. In turn, from the trihedral views we can obtain the<br />
axonometric perspective from which they come. These properties can simplify some<br />
graphic constructions of the axonometric system, for example, determine the projections<br />
of the axes from the main related views or determine the axonometric scales from the<br />
axes. It is considered that this new definition of trihedral views allows a simplification as to<br />
the understanding of the systems of representation and is intended to be suitable for<br />
teaching purposes.<br />
Keywords: Axonometric, Related views, Coordinate planes<br />
Corresponding Author: Faustino N. Gimena<br />
Tel.: +34 948 169 225<br />
e-mail: faustino@unavarra.es<br />
Address: Campus de Arrosadía, s/n. 31006 Pamplona. Spain.<br />
Parameter Combinatorial Diagram.<br />
Application to the study and analysis<br />
of Hydrological Simulation Models.<br />
M. Goñi (a), J. Javier López (a), F. N. Gimena (a)<br />
(a) Department of Projects Engineering. Public University of Navarre.<br />
Abstract:<br />
In this paper we define Parameter Combinatorial Diagram as the joint graphical<br />
representation of all box plots related to the adjustment between real and simulated data,<br />
by setting and / or changing the parameters of the simulation model. To do this, first we<br />
start with a box plot representing the values of an objective adjustment function,<br />
achieving these results when varying all the parameters of the simulation model. Then we<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
124<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Representation Techniques<br />
draw the box plot when setting all the parameters of the model, for example using the<br />
median or average. Later we get all the box plots when carrying out simulations combining<br />
fixed or variable values of the model parameters. Finally all box plots obtained are<br />
represented neatly in a single graph.<br />
Besides being able to represent the box plots associated with an objective function it is<br />
possible to represent the diagrams associated with the variation of each parameter. It is<br />
intended that the new Parameter Combinatorial Diagram is used to examine and analyze<br />
simulation models useful in practice. This paper presents combinatorial diagrams of<br />
different examples of application as in the case of hydrological models of one, two, three,<br />
and five parameters.<br />
Keywords: Combinatorial Diagram, Simulation Model, Graphical representation, Box plot<br />
Corresponding Author: Faustino N. Gimena<br />
Tel.: +34 948 169 225<br />
e-mail: faustino@unavarra.es<br />
Address: Campus de Arrosadía, s/n. 31006 Pamplona. Spain.<br />
Heaven in the stone<br />
A. Pagliano (a)<br />
(a) University of Naples "Federico II", Dipartimento di Configurazione e attuazione dell’architettura<br />
Abstract:<br />
For centuries crystallized in the adamantine drawings preserved in the National Library of<br />
France, the perfect sphere of the Cenotaph, designed by Louis E. Boullèe in honor of Isaac<br />
Newton in about 1780, and the Temple of the Earth of Jean-Jacques Lequeu are cited by<br />
historians and critics of architecture as the utopian dream of bending the stone and the<br />
force of gravity towards the pure form of a complete sphere.<br />
The historical formal equivalence between the architectural dome vault and the sky,<br />
assume in our case a deeper meaning. From the words of Boullèe, it is crystal clear the<br />
intention of celebrating the greatness of Newton, subtracting his burial from the darkness<br />
by placing it in the largest ever builted sky, a majestic stone dome, reversing the natural<br />
order of day and night by creating with daylight, in the interior space, the image of the<br />
constellations seen in the starry skies.<br />
First in the history of planetary science, Lequeu and Boullèe’s stone architecture carried<br />
out the plan by drilling the outer surface of the dome to let the sunlight in, directly<br />
piercing the darkness and simulating in the inside space the intense stellar glow. The<br />
geometric study conducted on the holes in both architectures, made along the stone<br />
surface of the spheres, reveals a studied convergence of solar rays, in the Cenotaph,<br />
towards the eye of the privileged observer, the one able to stand on the slender platform<br />
above Newton’s tomb, thereby creating the sensation of a Ganzfeld , which sets Newton’s<br />
Cenotaph in the field of art installations rather than scientific ones.<br />
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Representation Techniques<br />
The Lequeu’s Temple instead is designed with a perfect convergence of those rays<br />
towards the centre of the sphere, as the most part of modern planetarian, but it is also<br />
more visual than scientific in character. 3D virtual models, and simple conical projections,<br />
have allowed us to draw the star maps referred to Boullèe and Lequeu’s architectures<br />
which, however, show deep differences compared with the contemporary ones.<br />
Keywords: Planetarian, Boullèe, Cenotaph, Lequeu, star map<br />
Corresponding Author: Alessandra Pagliano<br />
Tel.: 0812538430<br />
Fax.: 0812538406<br />
e-mail: pagliano@unina.it<br />
Address: Via Tarsia 31, Napoli.<br />
The CGI production in San Francesco’s church in Padova<br />
I. Friso (a)<br />
(a) University of Study of Padova,Faculty of Engineering,<br />
DAUR- Architectural, Urbanistic and Survey Department<br />
Abstract:<br />
The digital simulation process has actively joined the representation phase of projects,<br />
becoming an integral and essential part for the complete understanding of an<br />
architectural object.<br />
It is interesting to notice how the CGI – Computer Generated Imagery –, which is the<br />
process of producing images with the help of specialized software, does not deviate much<br />
from the production stages involved in the film making industry. This argument is<br />
supported by the fact that currently the major international film productions share much<br />
information with the digital world since generated almost entirely in virtual space and<br />
whose vision on screen is permitted only through the use of appropriate eyewear, which<br />
restore the sharpness of the objects that appear to float in real space.<br />
Moreover, to support this thesis, it is proposed in this article that the work carried out and<br />
developed on the Church of San Francesco of Padua, whose purpose is the study of the<br />
surfaces that form the vaulting system.<br />
Keywords: preproduction, production, postproduction, model,Simulation<br />
Corresponding Author: Isabella Friso<br />
Tel.: +393479768750<br />
e-mail: Isabella.friso@unipd.it<br />
Address: Via Venezia, 1 - 35131 Padova.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
126<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
TEACHING PRODUCT DESIGN AND DRAWING HISTORY<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
127<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
Teaching Product Design and Drawing History<br />
“Let's take a look to the project”<br />
A. Giordano (a), L. Bifulco (a), F. Chiementin (a)<br />
(a) Dip. di Architettura, Urbanistica e Rilevamento - University of Padova<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
The purpose of the research is the evaluation of new tools for the representation of the<br />
architectural project and the impact they have for teaching students (architects and<br />
engineers).<br />
Method, Result, Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
Through the comparison of operational methods of architecture firms and the latest<br />
developments, in the market, for the architecture, we can understand and underline the<br />
importance of geometry not only as way to communicate the mere shape of a buildinga,<br />
but also as an opportunity to comprehend and to communicate each architecture that, as<br />
such, is made of space. So the understanding of space becomes fundamental and<br />
foundational training to the project of architecture, which certainly includes other factors,<br />
but that makes it possible through its own space component.<br />
Keywords: Geometry, Representation, Photomontage, Space<br />
Corresponding Author: Andrea Giordano<br />
Tel.: +39 3389187496, Fax.: +39 0498276738<br />
e-mail: andrea.giordano@unipd.it<br />
Address: Daur via venezia 1, Padova.<br />
Parametric Cad in the teaching of drawing<br />
for Mechanical Engineer<br />
G. Defranco (a), L. Fuertes (a), S. Gavino (a), L. Lopresti (a), A. Ristevich (a)<br />
(a) Cátedra de Gráfica para Ingeniería y Sistemas de Representación “C”, Facultad de Ingeniería, UID GIGA<br />
Universidad Nacional de La Plata - Argentina<br />
Abstract:<br />
For more than two decades, Computer Aided Design (CAD) has been increasingly taking<br />
part in the teaching of drawing for mechanical engineers and similar areas. The number of<br />
papers and communications presented by teachers of this area has increased in the last<br />
three decades, in different specialized and general events such as engineering, and the<br />
teaching of engineering congresses. 1 From the teaching point of view, the innovation has<br />
been centered in the increasingly use of the most spread CAD software in the world. 2 The<br />
use of it has tended to replace in a complete or parcial way the precision drawings, that<br />
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Teaching Product Design and Drawing History<br />
were traditionaly made on boards by hand. In recent times a new inflection appears on<br />
the stage when the programs with an analytical parametric design philosophy and<br />
characteristics were introduced. The emergence of this kind of software impacts again on<br />
the traditional teaching of engineering drawing, putting in the hands of students and from<br />
the early stages of their studies a tool that necessarily leads them to get involved in<br />
aspects of design, even in the case when the expected goal is just to get a drawing. At the<br />
same time, the representations under international drawing standards became so simple<br />
as we could never have imagined before. This paper tells how the decisions were made to<br />
move towards a new paradigm of computer aided representation and how it was<br />
integrated to the concepts already present in the syllabus of the subject by means of tasks<br />
that imply the analysis of a mechanical system, its representation, the proposal of<br />
modifications on it, and the development of a technical report.<br />
Keywords: Teaching of engineering, Drawing, Parametric CAD, 3D model, Monge<br />
Corresponding Author: Gabriel Defranco<br />
Tel.: +542214258911 int. 173<br />
e-mail: ghdefran@ing.unlp.edu.ar<br />
Address: Av. 1 y 47 – La Plata 1900 Argentina.<br />
From Research to Sustainable Innovation<br />
and Entrepreneurship: Which Competences?<br />
From Research to Sustainable Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Which Competences?<br />
A. Riel (a), S. Tichkiewitch (a)<br />
(a) EMIRAcle and Grenoble Institute of Technology<br />
Abstract:<br />
The research and development of modern products and systems is coined by the<br />
increasingly important requirement to create sustainable innovation. Innovation is<br />
intimately linked with entrepreneurship. Research, Innovation and Entrepreneur¬ship are<br />
considered the keys to a wealthy and sustainable economy. The best way to turn research<br />
into innovations is to consider key innovation factors from the earliest phases of research<br />
all along the way to products and services. Existing entrepreneurship study and training<br />
programs, however, do not take into account these early phases, but rather focus on the<br />
process of creating a new enterprise. This paper presents key results of ResEUr, a<br />
European Project that has conceived and implemented a unique e-Learning enabled<br />
training and EU-wide certification program to sensitize young researchers for innovation<br />
and entrepreneurship in our modern environment.<br />
Keywords: Innovation, Innovation Transfer, Entrepreneurship, Lifelong Learning<br />
Corresponding Author: Andreas Riel<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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Tel.:+33 4 76825156<br />
e-mail: andreas.riel@grenoble-inp.fr<br />
Address: 46, av. Félix Viallet.<br />
Safety signage made easy<br />
using parametric CAD-based software<br />
C. García Hernández (a), P. Ubieto Artur (a),<br />
A. Finneran (b), A. G. F. Gibb (b), P. Bust (b), J. C. Rubio Romero (c)<br />
(a) Idergo (I3A) - Department of Design and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Spain<br />
(b) Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Loughborough University, United Kingdom<br />
(c) Cátedra de Prevención y Responsabilidad Social Corporativa, University of Málaga, Spain<br />
Abstract:<br />
As a result of current legislation safety signs are increasingly common in public places. The<br />
purpose of safety signs is to guide people to a final location in a limited amount of time.<br />
But is sign location always effective? Do users have an adequate viewing range or<br />
cognitive ability to interpret the information on signs? Is the number of safety signs<br />
adequate for their areas of influence? Is there an excessive amount or is there just<br />
enough? Are these questions always answered?<br />
The authors noted that the choice of safety sign location is often not an easy one for<br />
professionals such as architects and engineers. It was felt that a graphical tool that could<br />
be easily integrated with AutoCAD, a tool commonly used by design professionals could be<br />
helpful.<br />
As a starting point to the research and development process the authors analysed the<br />
basic aspects of safety signalling such as sign sizes and perception distances. The main<br />
purpose of the tool is to aid the placement of graphical symbols on architectural plans.<br />
However, the tool also allows for analysis of their areas of influence and the adaption of<br />
those areas to different places in the building. Orientation of signs is also important. The<br />
tool takes pathways into account which reduces errors in sign orientation, especially<br />
where arrows are included.<br />
This paper describes tool development with particular focus on development stages and<br />
difficulties.<br />
Keywords: CAD, Safety, Sign, Warning, SignCirCAD.<br />
Corresponding Author: César García-Hernández<br />
Tel.: (+34) 976761000<br />
Fax.: (+34) 976762620<br />
e-mail: garcia-hernandez.cesar@unizar.es<br />
Address: Idergo (I3A) - Department of Design and Manufacturing Engineering, University of<br />
Zaragoza, María de Luna 3, 50018 Zaragoza (Spain).<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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Teaching Product Design and Drawing History<br />
Engineering designer curricula and creativity development<br />
F. Rosa (a), E. Rovida (a), R. Viganò (a)<br />
(a) Dipartimento di Meccanica - Politecnico di Milano (Italy)<br />
Abstract:<br />
Product eco-sustainability and cheapness are two of the main strategies adopted in the<br />
contemporary market to exit from the current economical crisis, as testified by the<br />
adoption of several ideas of the green-economy. The design of product according to these<br />
new requisites will entail new challenges for engineers: their creativity will gain more and<br />
more importance to find out new design “starting points” and to conceive new industrial<br />
products. These considerations are the basis of the proposed curricula modifications.<br />
Since we believe that at least an embryo of creativity could be found in everyone, the<br />
main goal of our curricula proposal is to start the growth of this embryo, showing to the<br />
students how to study also old problems from different points of view.<br />
The described proposal, conceived to achieve this goal, comprises the upgrading of the<br />
curricula, by including some topics concerning technical history and nature observation as<br />
sources of innovative technical solutions.<br />
Keywords: Creativity, Methodic design, Design for X (DfX), TRIZ, Technical history.<br />
Corresponding Author: Francesco Rosa<br />
Tel.: +39 02 2399 8275<br />
Fax.: +39 02 2399 8282<br />
e-mail: francesco.rosa@polimi.it<br />
Address: via La Masa, 34 I-20156, Milano – ITALY.<br />
Graphical formulary of statically determinate<br />
and indeterminate beams<br />
P. Gonzaga (a), L. Gimena (a), M. Crespo (a), F. N. Gimena (a)<br />
(a) Department of Projects Engineering. Public University of Navarra<br />
Abstract:<br />
From the intrinsic graphic resolution shown by the authors in the IXth International<br />
Congress of Graphic Engineering in Málaga in 1998, in this communication are made<br />
graphical chips for calculating beams with different types of support, whether they are<br />
statically determinate or indeterminate. It is shown the analogy that exists between the<br />
graphical approach, analytical and numerical. The procedure developed to make the<br />
graphical form can be extended beyond the field of structural analysis to other fields of<br />
technical application. It is intended that the presented graphical procedure serve to<br />
examine and analyze structural problems and that their use is appropriate for education.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
131<br />
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Teaching Product Design and Drawing History<br />
Keywords: Graphic formulary, Beams, Statically determinate or indeterminate, Education,<br />
teaching<br />
Corresponding Author: Faustino N. Gimena<br />
Tel.: +34 948 169 225<br />
e-mail: faustino@unavarra.es<br />
Address: Campus de Arrosadía, s/n. 31006 Pamplona. Spain.<br />
Leonardo’s Civil Bridges<br />
J. Alonso Trigueros (a), A. L. Romera Zarza (a), G. Fernández San Elías (a)<br />
(a) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Departamento de Ingeniería Civil: Infraestructura del Transporte.<br />
(b) Universidad de León. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica.<br />
Abstract:<br />
Within both aesthetic and history fields, civil engineering occupies a privileged place<br />
among arts whose manifestations are based on drawing. In this work, Leonardo’s<br />
creativity concerned with civil bridges proyects, have been studied. Leonardo designed<br />
ten bridges: eight of them intended for military porposes and only two were purely<br />
planned for civil functionaly - “Ponte sul corno d’oro”, infolio 66, manuscript L; and “Ponte<br />
a due piani”, represented in the Manuscript B at the Institute of France, infolio 23. There<br />
can be no doubt about Leonardo’s intentions when he started on designing these two<br />
bridges: his genious for creativy focused on providing both singulary and functionaly to<br />
the structures: they should be admired and utilized at the same time, a monument for civil<br />
society to be used.The work presented here attemps to make an scientist-historical trip<br />
along these Leonardo’s bridges, highlighting their technical, geometrical and aesthetic<br />
characteristics, as well as emphasizing Leonardo’s human, scientist and artistic nature.<br />
Keywords: Civi Engineering, Bridges, History of Engineering, Aesthetic of Engineering<br />
Corresponding Author: Jesús Alonso Trigueros<br />
Tel.:913367737<br />
Fax.:913367744<br />
e-mail: chus.alonso@upm.es<br />
Address: E.U.I.T. de Obras Públicas (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid). C/ Alfonso XII, 3 y 5. 28014<br />
Madrid.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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Improving a CAD tool to simplify the design process<br />
of electrical schematics oriented to industrial-machine control<br />
P. Ubieto Artur (a), C. García Hernández (a), A. Fernández Sora (b)<br />
(a) Idergo (I3A), Department of Design and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Zaragoza,<br />
Zaragoza, Spain<br />
(b) Department of Design and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain<br />
Abstract:<br />
Electrical circuits are graphically described most of the times and the use of some kind of<br />
computer-aided design (CAD) to do it is more than usual. Electrical engineers can be highly<br />
helped in this process with a library of symbols to represent the different components of a<br />
circuit and, wouldn’t be interesting if they could simulate the circuits that they had<br />
graphically represented? We thought so.<br />
For the previous reasons, a tool with just a good library of electrical symbols would be<br />
useful but, if it made possible to test the circuits it could have a great value, both for<br />
professional and educational purposes. This tool is really helpful in the learning process of<br />
our students in Technical Office. In this subject, the Electrical Engineering Degree students<br />
must work on an electrical project which always includes the design of some kind of<br />
circuit. The tool makes possible to simulate those circuits within the CAD software, so it is<br />
easy, fast and safe to try different designs by changing the graphical symbols and/or their<br />
connections.<br />
Those features make the tool interesting in an educational environment, but not only.<br />
Professional engineers can also find this tool interesting because it can be used in the<br />
design process and as a tool for graphical representation. The improvements in the tool<br />
included, e.g., the wire simulation within the electrical box, making the circuit safer and<br />
cheaper.<br />
Keywords: Electrical diagrams, Simulator, CAD, Software.<br />
Corresponding Author: Pedro Ubieto Artur<br />
Tel.: (+34) 976761000<br />
Fax.: (+34) 976762620<br />
pubieto@unizar.es<br />
Idergo (I3A) - Department of Design and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Zaragoza, María<br />
de Luna 3, 50018 Zaragoza (Spain).<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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Teaching Product Design and Drawing History<br />
CAD, BIM, GIS and other tricks of the computer science<br />
in the education of the Building Engineer<br />
G. N. Massai (a), M. M. Bocconcino (a)<br />
(a) Politecnico di Torino – I Facoltà di Ingegneria<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
The paper aims to develop some thoughts on the upgrade implemented in the disciplines<br />
of drawing from the latest forms of digital representation, commenting on the<br />
experiences under way in some university courses included in the learning curriculum<br />
provided to engineering students with regard to the course of study in Ingegneria Edile<br />
(Building Engineering, also known as Architectural or Construction Engineering) at the<br />
Politecnico di Torino. It’s a matter of reasoning on what and how to suggest knowledge<br />
and practises in the experience of teaching that result as an improvement of skills and<br />
abilities appropriate for future commitments required by the job world.<br />
Method:<br />
Methodological reasons, subject contents and experiences positively carried out during<br />
the activities of the course of Representation Techniques and Data Management (in the<br />
post graduate “Laurea Magistrale”) are treated, focusing on all the resources needed to<br />
conduct profitable operations training and first clarifying the specific skills and experience<br />
required for the teaching staff, essential qualities to ensure good results: all the activities<br />
organized to achieve the training objectives are based on the belief that early training is<br />
needed to trigger virtuous review processes for engineering practice and that<br />
opportunities to practice through simulations in the academic curriculum for future<br />
engineers can produce effects of greater permanence and enable an enhancement of<br />
learning outcomes.<br />
Result:<br />
The analysis, which is addressed primarily to illustrate the result of some of the outcomes<br />
of exercise activities leaded by students, brings attention to a solicitation that seems to be<br />
constraining and that concerns the system of relations required between operators of the<br />
design and construction process, which are requested to enter into shared aims while<br />
operating in the specificity of the various technical fields; in this sense, the tricks of the<br />
CAD, which is at the service of a geometric knowledge, measured and fulfilled by its<br />
attributes, the attention demanded by BIM, which builds a widespread and open network<br />
of relationship, the cunnings of the GIS, which has to gather dynamic information and<br />
alternative choices, appear to address areas of operational testing following a single<br />
purpose directed towards a better characterization of the process of conceptual<br />
development and a more advantageous control of the working method.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
So, with the design and over the usual representations, we speak of computer tricks to say<br />
that to be understood as the necessary infrastructure to solicit and investigate the reasons<br />
of doing and how to solve the complexity of operating on the field, upon which students<br />
must impractical themselves to identify qualities and limits, whether they are exploring<br />
134<br />
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the reasons of the survey or the reasons bound with the design; certainly a renewal for<br />
the most usual ways of designing useful to produce different levels of knowledge and a<br />
new shared place for the exchange and discussion of the hypotheses, with what results?<br />
Keywords: Teaching experience, Representation techniques, Data management, Building<br />
engineering<br />
Corresponding Author: Giuseppa Novello Massai<br />
Tel.: 011 564 5306<br />
Fax.: 011 564 5399<br />
e-mail: pina.novello@polito.it<br />
Address: Politecnico di Torino – Dipartimento di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Edilizi e Territoriali, corso<br />
Duca degli Abruzzi, 24 - 10129 TORINO.<br />
Teaching Methods for Concept Design and Prototyping<br />
F. De Crescenzio (a), M. Fantini (a), F. Lucchi (a)<br />
(a) Second Faculty of Engineering, University of Bologna<br />
Abstract:<br />
In a product development process, the definition of an adequate design methodology<br />
allows to reduce the Time to Market (TTM) and to create new products meeting user’s<br />
requirements. The design of industrial products starts from the Mission Statement, which<br />
gives a brief description of the product and its goals, underling target market and<br />
stakeholders, assumptions and constrains that guide product development. Hence, in the<br />
early steps of the development process, alternative concepts of new products are<br />
generated, evaluated and then selected for further development and testing. In this<br />
phase, the first activities consist in identifying customer needs and establishing target<br />
specifications. Following actions regard concepts generation and selection. In this context,<br />
new technologies, such as knowledge based engineering and rapid prototyping have a<br />
significant impact on the reduction of the time and costs needed to verify the technical<br />
and functional aspects of the project. This paper reports the teaching experience carried<br />
out in the course of “Project Methodologies for Industrial Engineering” of the MSc in<br />
Mechanical Engineering at the Second Faculty of Engineering at the University of Bologna.<br />
The aim of this course is to supply students with design methodologies and all the related<br />
activities that are at the basis of concept development and prototyping. Therefore,<br />
students are directly involved, through a design experience, in the creation of a new<br />
product from some defined topics and issues. In addition to the conceptual design<br />
methods and the Computer Aided Industrial Design tools, students experience the Rapid<br />
Prototyping of the designed shape by means of a FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling)<br />
technique. In 2008, students, working in groups up to 4 persons, were requested to design<br />
a helmet, with an advanced level of customization. Following the phases of the design<br />
process, their ideas evolved into new products, which addressed latent needs defined in<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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accordance with the typology and functions of the helmet chosen by each team and<br />
compared to similar existing products. Therefore, each project resulted in significant<br />
different products concerning several markets in spite of the few same guiding indications<br />
and workflow. By this teaching approach, it is possible to transmit course’s contents<br />
through students’ direct experience and applying product design concepts and innovative<br />
technologies on a specific case study. In this way, the final step of the paper is to compare<br />
the different projects, and underline in each of them the workflow of each product design<br />
and how each team developed the ideas of future engineers.<br />
Keywords: Design Methods, Product Development, Concepts Generation, Rapid<br />
Prototyping.<br />
Corresponding Author: Francesca De Crescenzio<br />
Tel.: +39 0543 374447<br />
Fax.: +39 0543 374444<br />
e-mail: francesca.decrescenzio@unibo.it<br />
Address: Università di Bologna, Seconda Facoltà di Ingegneria, via Fontanelle 40, 47121 Forlì (FC).<br />
Designing an interactive web manager<br />
applied to the development of spatial abilities<br />
C. Melgosa (a), B. Ramos (a), E. Baños (a), E. García (a), A. Román (a)<br />
(a) Universidad de Burgos, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Departamento de Expresión Gráfica (Spain)<br />
Abstract:<br />
The removal of contents (such as Descriptive Geometry) in the syllabi of graphic<br />
expression subjects, partially in some cases and totally others, which had proved to<br />
develop the spatial vision ability, have resulted in our students being lacking in this<br />
capacity.<br />
Despite efforts to reduce these gaps, like the introduction of computers in the learning<br />
process, the authors of this paper believe that researching into tools helping to improve<br />
students' spatial vision is needed.<br />
That´s why we suggest the use of a learning/educational platform tailored to Graphic<br />
Engineering, which manages and evaluates the learning process, taking into account the<br />
development of capacity for spatial vision, from the earliest stages of this development<br />
and in the most deprived pupils.<br />
As a first step we have designed and developed an interactive open web manager of<br />
learning in Graphic Engineering focused on developing the capacity for spatial vision for<br />
components as well as its standard representation.<br />
One aim of this paper is to describe this manager, whose main features are: three profiles<br />
of access, a database to manage all the information, monitoring and evaluation of<br />
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learning, ability to create and assign exercises and a 3D viewer that allows students to<br />
manipulate 3D objects and make easier learning.<br />
We also explain how the content and users management system has been designed, being<br />
adapted to the basic contents of Graphic Engineering as well as an evaluation of the<br />
monitoring system of student learning.<br />
Finally, the results of a satisfaction survey show that students positively value the<br />
manager and highlight its 3D viewer as an element of great help in solving exercises.<br />
Keywords: Web based teaching and learning, Engineering graphics, Spatial ability,<br />
Interactive graphics, Monitoring of learning<br />
Corresponding Author: Carlos Melgosa<br />
Tel.:+34 947 258 926<br />
Fax.: +34 947 258 910<br />
e-mail: cmelgosa@ubu.es<br />
Address: Universidad de Burgos, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Avda. Cantabria s/n.<br />
Evolution of graphic representation applied<br />
to chemical engineering<br />
I. Sentana (a), E. Sentana (a), N. Sesse (a)<br />
(a) University of Alicante<br />
Abstract:<br />
The present research analyzes the development of Graphics representation applied to<br />
chemical engineering through the years.<br />
This evolution throughout history is not due to the influence of a single discipline, but it<br />
was due to a variety of them, all in the field of Chemistry.<br />
This research starts since antiquity, going through the Renaissance, the industrial<br />
revolution until the new Century, showing the Graphics representation of specific<br />
drawings of the chemical engineering throughout history until the last progress of CAD<br />
systems.<br />
This research highlights the influence of chemistry in the history through the graphical<br />
expression in the first prehistoric paintings, through representation used in Greek<br />
alchemy, reaching the new Century with the development of new standards in order to<br />
reach a fine interpretation of complex drawings such as petrochemical structures.<br />
Chemistry in its development, has been partly linked to the graphical drawing, the<br />
compounds are represented by graphics symbols, creating an universal language allowing<br />
Communications regardless of language.<br />
Now, CAD Systems have improved the design and further development of chemical<br />
industries, with complexity in the number of components and auxiliary Systems have led<br />
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to the development of more specific CAD Systems that helped the design task of Chemical<br />
Engineering.<br />
Keywords: Graphic representation, chemical engineering, history<br />
Corresponding Author: Irene Sentana<br />
Tel.: (+0034)965903654<br />
e-mail: Irene.sentana@ua.es<br />
Address: Department of Graphic Expression and Cartography. University of Alicante P.O. Box 99.<br />
03080, Spain.<br />
Use of an Open-Source PLM solution<br />
to improve teamwork performance in product design courses<br />
P. Sanin (a), R. Mejia-Gutierrez (b)<br />
(a) Department of Product Design Engineering, Universidad EAFIT<br />
(b) Department of Product Design Engineering, Universidad EAFIT<br />
Abstract:<br />
As Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) strategies are getting more and more common<br />
worldwide, developing countries have the increasing industrial need of engineers trained<br />
on these technologies. This is motivating academic institutions to tackle this issue by<br />
integrating PLM in their curriculums. This paper describes a pilot implementation of a PLM<br />
strategy in a Product Design Project Course at EAFIT University. The PLM strategy is used<br />
to support the development of the design process and teamwork performed by students.<br />
During two consecutive academic periods the course was analyzed, a PLM strategy was<br />
prepared and executed, and monitoring was carried out to obtain comparative data on<br />
the success of the implementation. An evaluation was performed on the role this<br />
implementations can have in improving drawbacks that usually arise during the<br />
development of collaborative design projects amongst students. Open-Source PLM<br />
Software was employed to facilitate future application of these tools by the students<br />
themselves in their future employments.<br />
Keywords: Collaborative Design, Open-Source, Product Lifecycle Management, Projectbased<br />
learning, Teamwork.<br />
Corresponding Author: Pedro Sanin<br />
Tel.: (+57)3006144188<br />
e-mail: psaninpe@eafit.edu.co<br />
Address: Cr.48-7No.186 Medellin, Colombia.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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Teaching the rules of the space:<br />
the Olympic Theater in Sabbioneta<br />
C. Monteleone (a)<br />
(a) University of Study of Padova, Faculty of Engeneering,<br />
DAUR-Architectural, Urbanistic and Survey Department<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
Visual perception is a phenomenological interpretation but it is unable to return exactly<br />
the essence of reality, the sight returns some apparent and exterior qualities of things as<br />
shape and chromatic features, the only way to bend the space and to create views of<br />
apparent worlds is to know the intimate truth of perception.<br />
Method:<br />
The conscious utilization of geometric optics is a valuable tool to disseminate the scientific<br />
and intellectual aspects of the building art, but it is essential to confront not only<br />
geometric theory but also practical examples, possibly following the most distinguished<br />
architects.<br />
Result:<br />
snatching space deformation process and taking a further step towards self-interpretation<br />
and design.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
student training to the comprehension of the space and its geometric rules; the space<br />
control can generate an illusory, but not for this reason less realistic, landscape.<br />
Keywords: perspective, sabbioneta, design, scamozzi, theater<br />
Corresponding Author: Cosimo Monteleone<br />
Tel.: +393283654999<br />
e-mail: monsleo@yahoo.it<br />
Address: Via Venezia, 1 - 35131 Padova<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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SURVEYING, MAPPING AND GIS TECHNIQUES<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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Surveying, Mapping and GIS Techniques<br />
Virtual reconstruction of the door of the Apostles<br />
of the Insigne Collegiate Church of Santa María<br />
of Gandia Spain<br />
I. Lengua Lengua (a), G. Peris Fajarnés (a), T. Magal Royo (a), L. Dunai (a), J. L. Giménez López (a)<br />
(a) Centro de Investigación en Tecnologías Gráficas, Universitat Politècnica de València<br />
Abstract:<br />
On the occasion of the restoration of Insigne Collegiate in Gandia and continuing the<br />
research work carried out by Sanchez Piris reconstruction of the original front door of the<br />
Apostles of the Collegiate, begins a second phase of research that has aim to generate a<br />
virtual image of what could have been the door of the Apostles dating from the XVI<br />
century. Although the door did not have images or historical references or recorded, it<br />
does have data on the architectural style and the time it was built. It is believed that the<br />
author could have been Pere Comte or any member of his school, who is credited with the<br />
Valencia Marketplace, a World Heritage listed. Since there is no historical reference to<br />
what might have been the original facade, with the supervision of the architect<br />
responsible for the restoration of the Collegiate Dr. D. Architect Peñin Alberto Ibáñez, we<br />
proceed to conduct a research study that aims to make a virtual projection on the door of<br />
the Apostles in a non-invasive technique that simulates what might have been the main<br />
gate of the Collegiate.<br />
Keywords: Screening, virtual, research, simulation, graphics<br />
Corresponding Author: Ismael Lengua Lengua<br />
Tel.:+34 963879518<br />
Fax.: +34 963879519<br />
e-mail: islenlen@dig.upv.es<br />
Address: Camino de Vera s/n Ed. 8L 46022 Valencia (Spain)<br />
Landform of Alicante province by using GIS<br />
A. P. Merina (a), C. C. Perucho (a), M. A. Ruiz (b), I. C. Guerrero (a)<br />
(a) Polytechnic University of Madrid<br />
(b) Rey Juan Carlos University of Madrid<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
It is proposed a methodology to get landform of an area by using GIS techniques and a<br />
verification afterwards by photographs taken from several highways and motorways.<br />
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Method:<br />
Within the catalog of geographic features that serve to define a specific landscape of an<br />
area, this paper proposes the study of the landform. It is about mapping by using<br />
Geographic Information Systems, specifically the ArcGIS 9.3 (ArcMap and ArcCatalog). To<br />
do this, it is necessary to use both raster and feature formats.<br />
The methodology using of various coverage of the Alicante province, extending from the<br />
contour, vertices surveying, dimensional points, administrative boundaries of the province<br />
to rivers and reservoirs. All this information has been provided by the National Center for<br />
Geographic Information. In this manner, we obtain a Digital Terrain Model corrected<br />
hydrogeologically to 1:25000.<br />
Starting off of this digital terrain model - which has been calculated through the actions<br />
explained above- we used several tools of ArcGIS 9.3, including: neighborhood focal<br />
statistcs, reclassify, slope, clip, intersect, dissolve, etc. in order to calculate relative relief,<br />
slope and neighbourhood analysis radius. With these parameters we obtain a Landform<br />
Classification of Alicante province (Spain).<br />
Afterward, we contrast the landform result with a pictures taking from several highways<br />
and motorways in Alicante in order to identify if this classification is correspond with the<br />
reality.<br />
Result:<br />
As a result, we obtain an Automatic Landform Classification of Alicante in 1:25000, and<br />
properly methodology to do this delimitation because it has been contracted with the real<br />
landform by pictures.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
After the verification with the reality, the result map is be able to extrapolate the<br />
methodology applied to others places with similar or different superficies and also with<br />
another type of topography. It is only necessary to adapt some parameters depending of<br />
the project scale.<br />
Keywords: GIS, Landscape, Landform, Highways<br />
Corresponding Author: Ana Pou Merina<br />
Tel.: 0034913665767 - 0034667408993<br />
e-mail: anapoumerina@gmail.com<br />
Address: Avd. Complutense s/n Madrid 28040 (Spain)<br />
Survey and graphic interpretation of underground cellars<br />
F. R. Mazarrón (a), J. A. Flores Soto (a), J. Cid Falceto (a), C. Porras Amores (a), Ignacio Cañas (a)<br />
(a) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Research group: “Heritage, landscape, graphic representation<br />
and agroforestry construction”<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
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This work is framed within a reuse project of traditional underground cellars.<br />
Underground wine cellars are singular elements of the architectonic and cultural Spanish<br />
heritage. The goal is to have for the reuse and intervention analysis valid documents<br />
which represent the reality of the object being studied as closely as possible,<br />
understanding the level of abstraction of the graphic representation.<br />
Method:<br />
To establish the proposed reuse and intervention measures the mapping of the cellars is<br />
necessary. First of all it was necessary to clean and recondition the cellars. Then a<br />
topographical survey of the cellars was carried out. Given the irregular geometry and<br />
characteristics of the constructions under study, the conducted survey data have required<br />
a graphic interpretation, completing these data with the information obtained in<br />
subsequent visits to the cellars.<br />
Result:<br />
The result plans are as complete as possible to understand the shape, interior volume and<br />
state of the cellars: location, framework, details and singular points, pathologies, cross<br />
sections, longitudinal sections, images, necessary intervention measures and reuse<br />
proposal.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
We propose a methodology for conducting the mapping of underground constructions,<br />
through a topographic survey and graphic interpretation of the results. The result plans<br />
offers a geometric definition of the wine cellars, being the support for the analysis and<br />
diagnosis of the conservation state. The plans are instrument to know with acceptable<br />
error the real surface, geometry and length of the cellars. This methodology based on<br />
total stations could be a reference for similar studies.<br />
Keywords: topographic survey, graphic interpretation, cellar, underground<br />
Corresponding Author: Fernando R. Mazarrón<br />
Tel.:+34913365767<br />
Fax.:+34913363688<br />
e-mail: f.ruiz@upm.es<br />
Address:E.T.S.I.Agrónomos. Departamento de Construcción y Vías Rurales. Avenida Complutense<br />
s/n. 28040 Madrid.<br />
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Analysis of the geometry of nature.<br />
Particular case of traditional underground cellars<br />
C. Porras-Amores (a), A. Adán-Oliver (b), J.L. Benito (c), F. R. Mazarrón (a), Ignacio Cañas (a)<br />
(a) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Research group: “Heritage, landscape, graphic representation<br />
and agroforestry construction”<br />
(b) Universidad Castilla y la Mancha. Escuela Superior de Informática. Department: Electrical,<br />
Electronic and Automation Engineering.<br />
(c) Universidad Castilla y la Mancha. Escuela Superior de Caminos. Department:<br />
Mechanic applied and Project engineering.<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
Traditional underground cellars are singular elements of Architectonic and Cultural<br />
Heritage of Spain. Branched plan, irregular sections and rough surfaces complicate the<br />
survey and geometry analysis of these constructions. The purpose of this research is to set<br />
a data capture technique that documents efficiently and accurately the underground<br />
Architectonic Heritage.<br />
Method:<br />
We propose a methodology based on 3D scanner to study and analyze the traditional<br />
underground constructions. This methodology offers the possibility of a large data<br />
acquisition in a short period of time, obtaining a detailed study of the volume of this type<br />
of traditional construction, and their distribution in space.<br />
Result:<br />
The 3D scanner shows the structure and the details concerning underground construction,<br />
capturing roughness or small shape changes in the walls. 3D scanner accurately<br />
distinguishes the texture of walls and elements of the cellar. Also different materials can<br />
be identified. The approximate time needed in each shot is 4 minutes for scanning and 10<br />
minutes for image capture.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
We can conclude that the 3D scanner technique efficiently and accurately characterize<br />
and represent underground constructions. 3D images have high quality and clarity,<br />
enabling to analyze visual elements (texture, color, lighting and shape).<br />
Keywords: 3D scanner, Geometry, Underground cellar, Traditional construction, Cultural<br />
heritage<br />
Corresponding Author: Cesar Porras Amores<br />
Tel.: +34913365767<br />
Fax.:+34913363688<br />
e-mail: c.porras@upm.es<br />
Address: E.T.S.I. Agrónomos. Departamento de Construcción y Vías Rurales. Avenida Complutense<br />
s/n. 28040 Madrid<br />
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The artesonado of the hunters' lounge.<br />
Palace of the infantado of guadalajara<br />
A. M. Trallero Sanz (a), A. Marín Palma (a), A. López-Tercero (a),<br />
G. de los Galanes (a), E. García Martínez<br />
(a) Departamento de Arquitectura. Universidad de Alcalá<br />
Abstract:<br />
The Infantado Duke´s Palace was considered one of the best Gothic palaces of Spain. Its<br />
owners, the diverse Infantado Dukes, devoted themselves for centuries to enriching it,<br />
adapting it to the needs and likings of the moment, including panelworks in all the rooms,<br />
mural paintings, ceramic paintings, tapestries collections of confectioners and of weapons,<br />
carpets, etc. The beginning of the XXth century sees the start of a long period of decay and<br />
its closure when it stopped being the private residence of the Dukes while keeping intact<br />
all its real estate. Finally it was in the XXth century, that a fire produced by the fall of a<br />
bomb destroyed it almost completely.<br />
This article shows how magnificent the ceiling panelwork that convered the Hunters'<br />
Lounge of the Palace was, returning to the historical documentary sources and to the<br />
remaining fragmentary pieces that still survive in building´s cellar, which were classified<br />
and catalogued and which according to the room dimensions, allowed us to trace their<br />
development and, with the help of current graphical tools, enabled us to take one more<br />
step and recreate an image of what these spaces might have looked like.<br />
Keywords: Infantado<br />
Corresponding Author: Antonio Miguel Trallero Sanz<br />
Tel.: +34 949 209 633<br />
Fax.: +34 949 209 682<br />
e-mail: antonio.trallero@uah.es<br />
Address: Escuela de Arquitectura Técnica. Edificio Multidepartamental C/ Cifuentes 28 19002-<br />
GUADALAJARA (ESPAÑA)<br />
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Architectural survey and Robotics:<br />
new frontiers in study, preservation<br />
and restoration of historical sites<br />
M. Cigola (a)<br />
(a) Laboratorio di Documentazione, Analisi, Rilievo dell’Architettura e del Territorio, DiMSAT,<br />
Università di Cassino<br />
Abstract:<br />
In this work a study of feasibility is illustrated to design and build a mobile robot for<br />
inspection and analysis of historical sites of architectonic interest. This novel application<br />
for robotic systems can be considered of great interest because nowadays the need of<br />
more and more accurate and efficient survey activity requires enhancement and even<br />
development of procedures with more reliable, innovative, and advanced characteristics.<br />
Within this expectation robots and robotic systems seem to be suitable solutions even<br />
with the purposes of: operating in environments that cannot be reached by human<br />
operators. The study of feasibility concerns with the analysis and simulation of a robotic<br />
system that can be used for operating in historical sites. Basic features of such mobile<br />
robots, either legged or wheeled, are well known, but specific requirements should be<br />
considered for the proposed applications in archaeological/architectural sites, which can<br />
be considered as a novelty in the field of Robotics. Basic features of the proposed robotic<br />
system can be summarized as follows: the robot should be able to move inside the<br />
archaeological and/or architectural sites by carrying surveying devices and by avoiding<br />
damage of the surface and other parts of the site.<br />
In Cassino preliminary design considerations have been developed and a suitable<br />
simulation has been carried out in order to test a designed robotic system acting on a<br />
simulated pavement, for several operating conditions. The simulation process is of basic<br />
importance, since it is not possible to test in advance the robot on site and there are not<br />
precise information about the preservation of pavement under-study. A simulation has<br />
been carried out with different conditions and it has been also useful to test the operation<br />
of the design of a robotic system with hexapod structure. At this moment, the research in<br />
Cassino is in a final phase concerning with first applications of a robot prototype.<br />
However, a continuous review of the design work is undergoing to formulate a general<br />
problem in which the design of a suitable low-cost easy-operation robotic system is<br />
properly defined also for not expert users in the field of robotics. The prototype activity is<br />
performed with the aim to design a specific test-bed through which verifies the identified<br />
design requirements and feasible solutions even for the operation of the system.<br />
Keywords: Architecture, Restoration, Survey, Robotics<br />
Corresponding Author: Michela Cigola<br />
Tel.: +39 0776 2993609<br />
Fax.: +39 0776 2994305<br />
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e-mail: cigola@unicas.it<br />
Address: Via G. Di Biasio, 43.<br />
03043 Cassino, Italia<br />
Hydrologic moment of a watershed area<br />
M. Goñi (a), J. J. López (a), F. N. Gimena (a)<br />
(a) Department of Projects Engineering. Public University of Navarre.<br />
Abstract:<br />
Hydrologic moment of the watershed area is defined as the static moment with respect to<br />
the outlet of the watershed. In this paper we show two different ways to get the<br />
hydrologic moment through GIS tools: by dividing the watershed into sub-watersheds<br />
from the drainage network, or by dividing the watershed into areas related to the distance<br />
to the watershed’s outlet. The Reservoir Geomorphological Instantaneous Unit<br />
Hydrograph is determined for each value of hydrologic moment previously obtained, and<br />
these hydrographs are applied to two watershed events. The results are analysed in order<br />
to show an appropriate and accurate way to determine the hydrologic moment.<br />
Keywords: Hydrologic moment, Gis, sub-watersheds and iso-distances, Unit Hydrograph.<br />
Corresponding Author: Faustino N. Gimena<br />
Tel.: +34 948 169 225<br />
e-mail: faustino@unavarra.es<br />
Address: Campus de Arrosadía, s/n. 31006 Pamplona. Spain<br />
A GIS approach to monitor territorial transformations:<br />
digital assessment of the cycle paths in Paestum<br />
B. Messina (a), P. D’Agostino (a)<br />
(a) Salerno University (Italy), Faculty of Engineering<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
The study intends to develop a digital procedure to ‘automatically’ create cycle paths<br />
compatible with regional requirements.<br />
Method:<br />
To achieve this goal a GIS will be used as a graphic tool to identify and assess the routes.<br />
Result:<br />
The results validate the proposed digital approach, highlighting the substantial<br />
overlapping between the design route and the automatically generated route.<br />
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Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
This paper intends to provide a simple, consultable tool that can efficiently and easily<br />
produce the information required to support the design options specifically analysed and<br />
integrated in the system.<br />
Keywords: GIS, environmental transformations, digital representation, cycle paths<br />
Corresponding Author: Barbara Messina<br />
Tel.: +3989963465<br />
Fax.:+3989964045<br />
e-mail: bmessina@unisa.it<br />
Address: Dip. Ing. Civile, via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA)<br />
BAECULA battle Geographic Information System<br />
I. Cárdenas Anguita (a), F. Mozas Martínez (b), J. M. Valderrama Zafra (b)<br />
(a) Centro Andaluz de Arqueología Ibérica. Universidad de Jaén<br />
(b) Universidad de Jaén<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
This contribution explains the procedure followed for the construction of GIS applied to<br />
the study of the archaeological scene of a battle.<br />
It is about the Baecula Battle, that took place in 208 b.C.in the frame of the second Punic<br />
War, near to the village of Santo Tomé (Jaén), that faced the Carthaginian army<br />
commanded by Asdrubal Barca, with the roman Army commanded by Publio Cornelio<br />
Escipion “the African”.<br />
The CAAI (Iberic Archaeological Andalusian Center), along five field works stage, since<br />
2006 until now, have made a job of investigation based on the low level prospection of the<br />
artifacts located in the battle area.<br />
Method:<br />
The methodology used has a land survey phase, consistent in a surface scanning based in a<br />
106 transect system, divided in 3453 square parcels, which cover 40 hectares. In this area<br />
was registered the ceramics artifacts detected in each square parcel and then the 6123<br />
metallic rests found with magnetic prospection was geolocated by GPS. During the<br />
laboratory phase, took place the identification and classification of the materials.<br />
All of this archaeological and geographical information has been integrated to make up a<br />
geographical database, been those register the one that link with the battle, implementing<br />
with all the available cartography to help the analysis tasks.<br />
Result:<br />
The operation of the GIS and it application to cartographic analysis techniques has<br />
improved the knowledge of the battle development, from the movements of troops<br />
through the areas with mayor tacks concentration (that cover the sole of the roman shoe),<br />
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to the zones where took place the different stages (the assembly of the roman army, fight<br />
face to face, etc…). By the way have been done another study of the density of Iberic<br />
ceramic artifacts, that together with the presence of nails of the shelter tents, has provide<br />
an important indication to locate the zones where the roman and the Carthaginian army<br />
placed their camps.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
In any case, it confirms that the application of the GIS in the battle scene of Baecula, bring<br />
us positives results.<br />
Keywords: Archaeology, G.I.S., Baecula, Battle<br />
Corresponding Author: Inmaculada Cardenas Anguita<br />
Tel.: + 34 953 213510<br />
e-mail: icardenasanguita@gmail.com<br />
Address: Paraje las lagunillas, Jaén (España)<br />
Methodology for the metric restoration<br />
of the historical cartography<br />
applied to Francisco Coello´s cartografic series<br />
of the Royal Site of Aranjuez<br />
J. C. Asenjo (a), C. San Antonio (a), R. García (a)<br />
(a) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) Madrid/España<br />
Abstract:<br />
This study presents a process for restoring part of the 1860s cartographic series known as<br />
Hojas Kilométricas (Kilometric Sheets). Specifically, the study focuses on those sheets<br />
referring to the city centre and surrounding area of the Royal Site of Aranjuez, a town in<br />
the south of the Province of Madrid.<br />
The aim of this study is to restore the actual size and measurements of scanned images of<br />
the Hojas Kilométricas. This would allow us, among other things, to reestablish both the<br />
format and scale of the original plans. To achieve this goal it is necessary to rectify and<br />
then georeference these images, i.e. assign them a geographic reference system.<br />
This procedure is essential in the overlaying and comparison of the Hojas Kilométricas of<br />
the Royal Site with other historical cartography as well as other sources related to the<br />
same area from different time periods. Subsequent research would allow us, for example,<br />
to reconstruct the time-evolution of the urban area, to spot new construction and to<br />
pinpoint the locations of any altered or missing buildings or architectural features. In<br />
addition, this would allow us to develop and integrate databases for GIS models applicable<br />
to the management of our cultural heritage.<br />
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Keywords: Metric restoration, Historical cartography, ”Hojas Kilométricas”,<br />
Georeferencing<br />
Corresponding Author: Juan Carlos Asenjo<br />
Tel.:+34913365427<br />
e-mail: juancarlos.asenjo@upm.es<br />
Address: E.U.I.T. Agrícola, Ciudad Universitaria s/n 28040-Madrid<br />
Determination of orthometric heights from LiDAR data<br />
J. L. Pérez (a), A. T. Mozas (a), A. López (a),<br />
F. Aguilar (b), J. Delgado (a), I. Fernández (b), M. A. Aguilar (b)<br />
(a) Dept. of Cartographic Engineering, Geodesy and Photogrammetry, University of Jaén, Spain<br />
(b) Dept. of Agricultural Engineering, University of Almería, Spain.<br />
Abstract:<br />
Mapping mission is to obtain an accurate representation of the form and the elements<br />
that exist in a particular area or region. Therefore, mapping projects often use a large<br />
number of points, which in recent years has increased with the use of LiDAR systems. The<br />
orthometric height determination can be done from a local geoid model determining the<br />
undulations with respect to the reference ellipsoid for each of them. The use of this<br />
methodology for all points may not be necessary in many cases, because of the accuracy<br />
of the acquisition system (~ 15cm) and the geoid model. So, we can minimize the number<br />
of points needed to determine the undulation and interpolate it in the rest of LiDAR point<br />
cloud. This paper shows the results of the analysis of various simplifications applied to the<br />
number and location of points with the geoid undulation known for determining the<br />
orthometric heights of points acquired through LiDAR system.<br />
Keywords: LIDAR, Ortometric height<br />
Corresponding Author: Andrés López<br />
Tel.: +34 953 212480<br />
Fax.: +34 953 212855<br />
e-mail: alarenas@ujaen.es<br />
Address: Campus Las Lagunillas sn. Edificio A3. 23071. Jaén (Spain)<br />
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Geometric processing of GeoEye-1 satellite imagery<br />
for coastal mapping applications<br />
M. Ángel Aguilar (a), F. J. Aguilar (a), A. Fernández (b), I. Fernández (a), M. del Mar Saldaña (a),<br />
A. M. García Lorca (c), J. G. Negreiros (d), A. Viciana (e), E. González (b)<br />
(a) Dept. of Agricultural Engineering, University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, Spain<br />
(b) Dept. of Engineering Design, Universidad de Vigo, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial,<br />
Campus Universitario, Spain<br />
(c) Dept. Geography and History of the Art, University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, Spain<br />
(d) ISEGI, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal<br />
(e) Dept. Geographical Regional Analysis, UNED, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia<br />
Abstract:<br />
In 2008 and with the cooperation of the U.S. Department of Defence, it was launched a<br />
new commercial very high resolution (VHR) satellite named GeoEye-1 (GeoEye, Inc.)<br />
which, nowadays, is the commercial satellite with the best geometric resolution, so much<br />
in panchromatic (0.41m) as in multispectral (1.65m). More recently, on January 4, 2010,<br />
DigitalGlobe have begun to commercialize imagery of the last of the VHR satellites<br />
launched: WorldView-2. Its most relevant technical innovation includes the radiometric<br />
accuracy improvement, since the number of bands that compose its multispectral image<br />
has increased to 8, instead of the 4 classic bands (R, G, B, NIR) of the previous VHR<br />
satellites.<br />
These new VHR satellites offer important improvements closely related to spatial and<br />
spectral resolution. Therefore, an improvement is awaited in: (i) the geometric accuracies<br />
obtained in orthoimages and digital elevation models (DEMs) generated from scenes of<br />
GeoEye-1 and WorldView-2, as well as, (ii) an increase in the accuracy of the objects<br />
classification (urbanizations, buildings, highways, impervious zones, crops). These possible<br />
improvements will have to be contrasted with real tests carried out in field conditions,<br />
studying the ideal performance procedures in the seeking of accurate geo-referenced<br />
information.<br />
In this work the geometric accuracy of a single panchromatic image of GeoEye-1 with an<br />
off-nadir angle higher than 20 degrees was researched. Rational Polynomial Coefficients<br />
refined by a zero order polynomial adjustment (RPC0) was the sensor model that<br />
generated the best results. Using a DEM with a vertical accuracy of about 1.34 m, accurate<br />
orthoimages (planimetric root mean square error of 0.87 m) can be obtained from<br />
GeoEye-1 imagery.<br />
Keywords: Satellite imagery, Orthorectification, Classification, Accuracy, DEM.<br />
Corresponding Author: Manuel Ángel Aguilar<br />
Tel.: 950015950<br />
Fax.: 950015491<br />
e-mail: maguilar@ual.es<br />
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Address: University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain<br />
Tomas Lopez’s Geographic Atlas of Spain (1787)<br />
and its Hydrographic Network:<br />
GIS analysis of the “Reyno de Jaen”<br />
C. San Antonio Gómez (a), F. Manzano Agugliaro (b), J. Martínez García (b)<br />
(a) Dept . Ingeniería Cartográfica-Expresión Gráfica, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos,<br />
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, España<br />
(b) Dept. Ingeniería Rural Universidad de Almería, Escuela Politécnica Superior, España.<br />
Abstract:<br />
Knowledge of the development of hydrographic networks can be useful for a number of<br />
research works in hydraulic engineering. We thus, intend to analyse the cartography<br />
regarding the first work that systematically encompasses the entire hydrographic<br />
network: Tomas Lopez’s Geographic Atlas of Spain (1787). In order to achieve this goal, we<br />
will first analyze –by way of the Geographic Information System (GIS) – both the present<br />
and referred historical cartographies. In comparing them, we will use the then-existing<br />
population centres that correspond to modern ones. The aim is to compare the following<br />
research variables in the hydrographic network: former toponyms, length of riverbeds and<br />
distance to population centres. The results of this study will show the variation in the<br />
riverbeds and the probable change in their denomination.<br />
Keywords: Accuracy, historical cartography, Tomas Lopez, river, Geographic Atlas of Spain<br />
Corresponding Author: Carlos de San Antonio Gómez<br />
e-mail: c.sanantonio@upm.es<br />
Address: Ciudad Universitaria, s/n, 28040-Madrid<br />
Improvements in the determination of extrapolated shorelines<br />
using Elevation Gradient Trend Propagation method.<br />
I. Fernández(a), F. J. Aguilar(a), J. L. Pérez(b), M. A. Aguilar(a), A. Mozas(b), A. López(b)<br />
(a) Dept. of Agricultural Engineering, University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, Spain<br />
(b) Dept. of Cartographic Engineering, Geodesy and Photogrammetry, University of Jaén, Spain<br />
Abstract:<br />
Shoreline represents a coastal evolution indicator. Hence there is a necessity to develop<br />
new methods of shoreline mapping. Nowadays the most widely used method to compute<br />
the shoreline position is the so-called Cross Shore Profile method (CSP), which is based on<br />
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computing a linear regression along different cross-shore profiles to interpolate the<br />
corresponding shoreline. However, the Mean Sea Level (MSL) datum makes difficult to get<br />
points under the datum elevation due to daily tidal variation, run-ups and waves.<br />
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a geometric extrapolation method to estimate the<br />
shoreline.<br />
The present work aims to validate a shoreline extraction method using the Elevation<br />
Gradient Trend Propagation method (EGTP), which extrapolates the local gradient until<br />
the desired datum is reached. This validation was also carried out over the CSP method.<br />
Due to the lack of reliable vertical data around the MSL datum, the 0.4 m. contour was<br />
used as the synthetic MSL because it was the lowest contour level not presenting noise<br />
effects. Both extrapolation methods were applied from different reference elevations: 0.6,<br />
0.8 and 1.0 m. The vertical range needed for CSP adjustment took 0.4 m. above each of<br />
the aforementioned reference elevation. Moreover, an additional method was applied to<br />
the data consisting of a mixed two steps method: first, the extrapolated Digital Elevation<br />
Model (DEM) is computed from EGTP and, second, the final shoreline is extracted by<br />
applying CSP on the EGTP extrapolated. The standard deviation of the differences<br />
between the supposed shoreline truth and the estimated shoreline over 14 homogeneous<br />
sample regions points out the accuracy of the applied method.<br />
The results of this work showed the goodness of EGTP shoreline extraction method<br />
compared to CSP one since the corresponding extracted shoreline was significantly more<br />
accurate. Moreover, the mixed method turned out to be very close to the original EGTP<br />
except in a few areas where it was proved the influence of profile orientation in CSP<br />
method. Finally, the influence of the starting extrapolation elevation was also proved,<br />
showing that the highest errors clearly matched the highest vertical differences between<br />
reference datum and starting extrapolation elevation.<br />
Keywords: Shoreline, extrapolation, coastal, LIDAR, DEM<br />
Corresponding Author: Ismael Fernández Luque<br />
Tel.: +34 677 629 407<br />
e-mail: ismaelf@ual.es<br />
Address: Escuela Politécnica Superior, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120,<br />
Almería, Spain.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
154<br />
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Robust surface matching<br />
as a rapid technique for terrain change detection<br />
F. J. Aguilar (a), I. Fernández (a), M. A. Aguilar (a), J. Delgado (b), J. G. Negreiros (c), J. L. Pérez (b)<br />
(a) Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, Spain<br />
(b) Department of Cartographic Engineering, Geodesy and Photogrammetry, University of Jaén, Spain<br />
(c) ISEGI, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal<br />
Abstract:<br />
Digital elevation models (DEMs) are widely used in GIS to predict the impact of coastal<br />
flooding and Sea Level Rise in coastal areas. Furthermore, DEM change detection within a<br />
certain time period may be also used to automatically quantify the coastal landscape<br />
changes. In this sense many researchers have adopted 3D surface matching techniques<br />
without control points (GCPs) to automatically co-register multi-temporal DEMs.<br />
In this paper a new approach based on robust surface matching for DEM 3D georeferencing<br />
is proposed to avoid the costly and time-consuming necessity of GCPs. The<br />
algorithm starts from a coarse orientation of the historical DEM where the stereo model y-<br />
parallax is removed by means of an Automatic Relative Orientation. Additionally, it is<br />
necessary to manually mark three control points to apply a coarse Helmert 3D<br />
transformation, obtaining a preoriented stereo-pair which turned out to be helpful to<br />
improve and speed up the subsequent surface matching process. Absolute z-differences<br />
between reference and historical DEMs are calculated, allowing for the application of the<br />
widely known K-means algorithm to cluster up to four groups of homogeneous absolute<br />
differences. The two clusters showing the high values are considered as outliers or areas<br />
where terrain has significantly changed. The remaining areas are deemed as potentially<br />
matching areas where the robust surface matching can be applied using the M-estimator<br />
called Tukey’s Biweight (TB). In this way the diagonal weight matrix, regarding TB function,<br />
is introduced in an iterative least square routine to compute the Helmert 3D<br />
transformation parameters.<br />
The proposed methodology was tested for geo-referencing a historical grid format DEM,<br />
comprising a little coastal area of Almeria (South Spain), obtained by digital stereophotogrammetry<br />
from a B&W photogrammetric flight taken in 1977 at an approximated<br />
scale of 1:18000. The reference DEM was the 10 m grid-spacing digital elevation model<br />
produced by the Andalusia Regional Government (Spain) from a 1:20000 scale B&W<br />
photogrammetric flight taken in 2001. As well, we counted on two accurate DEMs based<br />
on LiDAR technology (ground truth) taken in 2005 and 2009 respectively.<br />
The results obtained from this work may be deemed as very promising, showing a high<br />
efficiency and accuracy for historical DEM 3D geo-referencing. After the application of the<br />
robust surface matching for non-altered or stable areas, the computed uncertainty,<br />
measured as standard deviation of DEM z-differences, turned out to be 1.08 m. That is<br />
quite similar to the estimated uncertainty for the reference model (around 1.03 m).<br />
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Keywords: Surface matching, Digital elevation models, Change detection, Geomatic<br />
Engineering.<br />
Corresponding Author: Fernando J. Aguilar<br />
Tel.: +34950015491<br />
Fax.: +34950015491<br />
e-mail: faguilar@ual.es<br />
Address: La Cañada de San urbano s/n 04120 Almería, Spain<br />
Portraits of lost and possible cities<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
M. P. Iarossi (a), F. Belloni (a)<br />
(a) Architectural Projects Department – Politecnico di Milano<br />
Abstract:<br />
At present the urban representation is largely entrusted to management of cartographic<br />
information by the GIS-Geographic Information System, reduced to a simple archive<br />
system of the cartography now currently in use.<br />
But this procedure is very inadequate, because the cities are the result of the passing of<br />
time and stratifications of slow changes and projects of radical reform.<br />
Therefore, the urban representation must introduce the time dimension and include also<br />
the carto-iconographic historical heritage.<br />
A representation system so extended makes it possible to:<br />
- describe the changes over time of the whole city or of its single sites, as well as the<br />
language with which the city itself has built its portrait and has communicated its identity<br />
through time;<br />
- favour the preservation and the divulgation of the archival heritage, often scattered in<br />
different archives.<br />
The research project “Portraits of cities in an interior” (co-ordinated by the Department of<br />
Architectural Design of Milan and to which participate the Universities of Bologna and<br />
RomaTre) have the objective to build a portal for an online access to the GIS of the<br />
heritage of cartography and iconography of Milan, Bologna and Rome.<br />
The project, currently in progress, thanks to the versatility of the webGIS - that permits to<br />
explore a heritage not homogeneous in terms of aims, representation system and scale - is<br />
able to create the conditions for knowledge about urban formation, transmittable to the<br />
most varied levels (from the specialist studies to the possibility of creating paths dedicated<br />
to school users or even to the planning of personalised museum journeys etc.).<br />
Moreover, among the most interesting potentialities there is the application to the<br />
definition of the “portraits of lost cities”, that is erased by the urban changes and the<br />
“portraits of possible cities”, consisting in the recomposition of the urban frames that<br />
could have derived from the realization of projects which remained on paper, as in the<br />
section dedicated to the big transformation projects of the Illuminist and Napoleonic<br />
Milan.<br />
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Keywords: urban representation, cartographic heritage, iconographic heritage, projects,<br />
Illuministic and Napoleonic Milan<br />
Corresponding Author: Maria Pompeiana Iarossi<br />
e-mail: piarossi@polimi.it<br />
Tel.:02.2399 5604<br />
Fax.:02.2399 5638<br />
Address: DPA - Via Durando 10, 20158 Milano<br />
Registration and 3D virtual reconstruction<br />
of the old Carmen's Spa Park (Málaga)<br />
E.B. Blázquez (a), M. L. Ladrón de Guevara (a),<br />
M. C. Ladrón de Guevara (a), F. Hermosilla(a), F. J. Castillo (a)<br />
(a) University of Málaga<br />
Abstract:<br />
For nearly two decades, computer graphics technologies have been employed in several<br />
fields for various purposes. The safeguard, the protection and the fruition of the remains<br />
of the past have gained a powerful tool, thanks to the potentialities of immersive<br />
visualization and 3D reconstruction. Nevertheless, on many occasions, the graphic<br />
information handled by people working in the cultural heritage sector is still in two<br />
dimensional models. This paper presents the research carried out to fill a gap in the 3D<br />
cultural heritage registration of Malaga, in Southern Spain, by virtual recreation<br />
techniques. It illustrates a complete methodology to create a virtual exhibition system,<br />
based on archaeological finds and graphical-historical information of the Carmen’s Spa<br />
Park. The model developed allows the study and displays the historical representation of<br />
this cultural heritage.<br />
Keywords: Computer graphics, virtual recreation, historic-graphics documents, cultural<br />
heritage<br />
Corresponding Author: E. Beatriz Blázquez<br />
Tel.:+34 951 952 282<br />
e-mail: ebeatriz@uma.es<br />
Address: Escuela de Ingenierías, C/ Doctor Ortiz Ramos, s/n, 29071, Málaga (Spain)<br />
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Elaboration of a GIS for the management<br />
of the new building of the engineering’s school<br />
J. R. Andrés (a), E. Molero (a), M. Luz García (a), M. A. Contreras (a)<br />
(a) Málaga University (Spain)<br />
Abstract:<br />
In this paper we present the creation of a GIS with the use of graphical representation as<br />
well as a data base with referenced elements of the new building of the Engineering’s<br />
School. The objective is to manage the distribution and the efficient use of the building.<br />
As parts of the work we will show these different phases:<br />
- Introduction of graphical data provided as cad drawings<br />
- Development of a data base referring the different areas of the building, their use,<br />
persons related to them, timetables, etc.; and the complex relations taken into account,<br />
needed to create an efficient system.<br />
- Integration of the previously elaborated data in a GIS platform (Geomedia-Intergraph)<br />
- Consults development<br />
- Publication as web system.<br />
The main difference with a traditional GIS is that we are not using geographically<br />
referenced data, but just graphical data. We are using a GIS system to support the<br />
management of a building. Besides we give access to the system to all the members of the<br />
university via internet.<br />
We show our results and explore new use of GIS as a management tool.<br />
Keywords: GIS, management, data base, web<br />
Corresponding Author: José R. Andrés<br />
Tel.: +34 951952272<br />
e-mail: jrandres@uma.es<br />
Address: Despacho 2.092 - Proyectos de Ingeniería - Escuela de Ingenierías. C/ Doctor Ortiz Ramos,<br />
s/n - Universidad de Málaga - 29071-Málaga (SPAIN)<br />
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Economic valuation<br />
Hornachuelos Natural Park (Córdoba, Spain),<br />
supported by Geographic Information Techniques<br />
R. E. Hidalgo Fernández (a), M. A. Hidalgo Fernández (b), J. A. Cañas Madueño (b)<br />
(a) Dpto. Ingeniería Gráfica y Geomática, Campus Universitario de Rabanales. Universidad de Córdoba.<br />
(b) Dpto. Economía, sociología y política agrarias, Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Económicas<br />
y Empresariales. Universidad de Córdoba.<br />
Abstract:<br />
The object of this study is the economic evaluation of goods that have no clear market,<br />
and to reflect the value that society places on them with regard to their tourist and<br />
recreational attraction and the ecological characteristics they possess. The contribution of<br />
valuable management and data information could prove useful in decision-making - both<br />
on policies relating to environmental protection and to recreational use by visitors. To this<br />
end, and with the aim of determining the value of recreational visitors to the<br />
Hornachuelos Natural Park (Córdoba), 416 questionnaires were carried out during the<br />
period of October 2008 to May 2009, using the Travel Cost Method (TCM), the Contingent<br />
Valuation Method (CVM), and a Geographic Information System (GIS) to identify<br />
characteristics of natural beauty. These methods were combined to determine the value<br />
of the natural area.<br />
Keywords: Economic value, recreational use, natural area<br />
Corresponding Author: Rafael Enrique Hidalgo Fernández<br />
Tel.:0091957218335<br />
e-mail: ig1hifer@uco.es<br />
Address: Dpto. Ingeniería gráfica fisiomática, Campus Universitario de Rabanales. Cra. N-IV. Km<br />
396.14071 Córdoba. Universidad de Córdoba<br />
Simulation and virtual approach:<br />
from architecture to landscape<br />
E. Marchis (a), M. Vitali (a)<br />
(a) Dipartimento di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Edilizi e Territoriali, Politecnico di Torino<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
This contribute aim to explore 3D modelling and its practical applications investigating<br />
scales of representation and scales of contents from architecture to landscape.<br />
Method:<br />
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The goal of this research work was to test the flexibility of modeling tools – in this case<br />
AutoCAD <strong>2011</strong>® and Rhinoceros 4.8® – to different field of application and to draw shared<br />
methods, even if they are applied in so different context.<br />
Result:<br />
During the research occurred some problems that should be considered as central for<br />
future developments. They will drive the mainlines for the refinement of software and<br />
application technologies, but it must be remembered that, first of all, the direct<br />
experience and the validation with practical case studies must be absolutely taken into<br />
account.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
The experience made and the reflections on the achievements allowed to compare digital<br />
techniques of representation for architecture and territory. On the basis of the outcomes<br />
and of research directions for the future, it has paved the way to thinking useful to the<br />
implementation of the method and to the management of the graphic results.<br />
Keywords: Architecture and landscape, Representation, 3D modelling, Integration of<br />
techniques, Solid image.<br />
Corresponding Author: Elena Marchis<br />
Tel.: 0115645315<br />
Fax: 0115645399<br />
e-mail: elena.marchis@polito.it<br />
Address: corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 – Torino<br />
Methodology for highways network infrastructures´ design<br />
in the landscape<br />
C. C. Perucho (a), A. P. Merina (a), M. A. Ruiz (b), I. C. Guerrero (a)<br />
(a) Polytechnic University of Madrid<br />
(b) Rey Juan Carlos University of Madrid<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
Landscape evaluation is a graphical approach to the previous study of highway sections<br />
which later will be travelled by car.<br />
Method:<br />
Through maps, diagrams and sketches we can get an idea of what we have found in the<br />
journeys, and so make better use of them. The first step is to select the section to analyze.<br />
We choose one section of the AP6 highway which runs between Villacastín and<br />
Navalcanto, because these villages are very close from our point of origin, Madrid (Spain),<br />
as well as being a journey with a variety of landscapes to be analyzed. .<br />
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After selecting the section, we collect the information available on it, aerial photos, maps,<br />
kilometric points.<br />
With this initial map we went out to the road with a camera and a GPS (geographic<br />
position system) device, we travelled through the area and its nearby, in order to extend<br />
the visual information about the section.<br />
We developed a map of landscape quality from “Spanish Landscape Atlas” and<br />
“Cañas´Methodology for Assessing the Landscape”.<br />
We use the program ArcGIS to get the view shed from the highway, that is, eliminating<br />
from the map the areas from the road that we can´t appreciate..<br />
The visual exposure areas depend on the distance at which objects are observed. From 0<br />
to 30 meters have immediate level, between 30-200 meters the foreground, 200-400 the<br />
middle ground, and from there, the background.<br />
Result:<br />
Rafael Mata’s “Atlas de los Paisajes de España” (Spain’s Landscapes Atlas) recognizes 32<br />
landscape typologies, each one including a variety of subtypes. Our study aims to go one<br />
step further in landscape characterization, reducing the scale of the approach (from<br />
1/700000 to 1/25000) and implementing the valuation methodology proposed by Ignacio<br />
Cañas. The result of the study will be a map representing the visual landscape.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
A landscape interpretation map is a powerful tool in order to assess the design of future<br />
infrastructures, as it complements the information provided by cartography, land usage,<br />
topography and population information of a certain area, helping to determine the best<br />
tracing choices of a route depending on what we want or don’t want to be observed from<br />
it.<br />
Keywords: Landscape, highways network infrastructures, view sheds, ArcGIS, Landscape<br />
quality<br />
Corresponding Author: Cruz Calleja Perucho<br />
Tel.: 0034913665767 - 0034650979039<br />
e-mail: cruzcallejaperucho@gmail.com<br />
Address: Avd. Complutense s/n Madrid 28040 (Spain)<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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INNOVATIVE METHODS IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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Descriptive models and knowledge management.<br />
Experiences and Perspective<br />
L. M. Papa (a)<br />
(a) University of Naples Federico II<br />
Abstract:<br />
The complexity of reality, both constitutive and interpretation, led the increase, often<br />
redundant forms of knowledge benefiting brought the most advanced information and<br />
communication technologies whose communicative connotations binds specifically to the<br />
needs of rapid interaction and cost content.<br />
in recent years have been tested and evaluated many and varied models able to<br />
reproduce as closely as possible to real objects, in particular the process of creating a<br />
virtual model, namely the graphical representation of a three-dimensional object to<br />
'internal software, it has gradually through explicit modeling techniques are increasingly<br />
diverse<br />
In the wake of these considerations are exemplified in three significant segments of a<br />
research conducted at different scales and in different contexts: urban, architectural and<br />
archaeological heritage, in which there are differences in methodology and consistent<br />
business practices, recognizing the specific needs and expressive approach.<br />
Keywords: multiresolution modells, validation protocol, communication process<br />
Corresponding Author: Lia Maria Papa<br />
Tel.: 039 0817682331<br />
Fax.: 039 0815937944<br />
e-mail: lmpapa@unina.it<br />
Address: Naples, pl. V.Tecchio, 80<br />
Walking through history. A visionary project<br />
for the third-millenium perugia<br />
P. Belardi (a), L. Martini (a)<br />
(a) University of Perugia<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
The ancient Piazza del Sopramuro in Perugia, located in between Corso Vannucci and Via<br />
della Rupe, is an area that naturally developed its trade attitude, constituting a geographic<br />
cornerstone between the city and countryside. At the same time, it clearly possesses its<br />
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own identifiability, being historic location of important public institutions. The basic<br />
objective of the research is to create a pedestrian path that links the Minimetrò terminal,<br />
designed by Jean Nouvel, and Piazza del Sopramuro. In particular, the project consists of<br />
hollowing the artificial terrace in order to let people walking along the huge travertine<br />
blocks of the Etruscan walls that bear the square, as it used to be. The pedestrian path<br />
reaches the acropolis heart underneath an innovative roof energy gallery, made of steel<br />
and glass.<br />
Method:<br />
The research concept is characterized by an innovative and experimental approach, that<br />
also involved the use of technological advances. These allowed to unveil the exact location<br />
of the Etruscan walls as well as designed a sustainable architectural project. The first<br />
phase of the research, based on a specific historical investigation, focused on an<br />
exhaustive archaeological and architectural survey of the square and its surroundings.<br />
Advanced techniques ranges from video-endoscopies to georadar, together with laser<br />
scanner and standard surveying techniques.<br />
Result:<br />
The collected data as well as general purposes and particular needs, suggested two<br />
synergic actions: the first one, concerning the town planning, resulted in an underground<br />
archaeological gallery designed by a research group in the Department of Civil and<br />
Environmental Engineering of the University of Perugia. The second action, concerning<br />
instead the architectural design, produced a glazed energy roof, designed by Coop<br />
Himmelb(l)au from Wien, leaded by Wolf D. Prix, and Heliopolis 21 from Pisa.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
The innovative spatial configuration of the energy roof is the research result on the best<br />
performance. Geometric analysis and modeling were applied through scripting design in<br />
order to optimize the helical form, for both structural and power generation purposes. A<br />
challenging task was in fact to design an energetic self-sufficient complex. Moreover, this<br />
advanced and original design process has been fundamental to conceive a virtual “sky”, in<br />
a deeply historic centre such as the Perugia’s. In fact, the Wolf D. Prix’s research, carried<br />
out since the 1960s, resulted in culturally sustainable project, in spite of its absolutely<br />
contemporary character. Or maybe, it was because of that.<br />
Keywords: historic centre, contemporary architecture, environmental and cultural<br />
sustainability.<br />
Corresponding Author: Paolo Belardi<br />
Tel. 0755853782<br />
Fax. 0755853786<br />
e-mail: belardi@unipg.it<br />
Address: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Perugia<br />
Via Duranti, 93 06125 Perugia<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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Innovative Methods in Architectural Design<br />
From Wayfinding to Waysharing:<br />
interaction/information/interactivity for existing hospitals<br />
F. Bianconi (a), S. Andreani (a)<br />
(a) University of Perugia<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
The research aims to improve the wayfinding strategies and the spatial cognition in<br />
existing hospitals. Wayfinding has always been a complicated task to deal with,<br />
particularly in public places. Common opinion is that finding the way simply concerns the<br />
series of artifacts useful for reaching a certain destination. However, to be aware of the<br />
right path to follow is a more complex process. This study explores innovative wayfinding<br />
strategies in large hospitals, adopting a human-centered approach.<br />
Method:<br />
The project is the result of an articulated process that originates from the analysis of the<br />
current wayfinding systems as well as the psychological aspects concerning emotional<br />
stress and orientation problems in hospitals. A specific case study, field visits and<br />
interviews are exploit to both have a broader comprehensions of the argument and<br />
advance design solutions.<br />
Result:<br />
The presented research takes San Giovanni Battista Hospital of Foligno (Italy) as a case<br />
study for applying innovative solutions to improve the spatial cognition and current<br />
wayfinding systems in existing hospitals. The study experiments new systems for creating<br />
multi-level interactive networks, involving the relations between hospital users and<br />
innovative technologies. The result is an original design, an overlapping of experimental<br />
techniques and human relationships.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
The research develops an innovative approach for increasing the identifiability of hospitals<br />
as architectural emergences, as well as the wayfinding strategies within them. Interaction<br />
design and human relationships are integrated, so as to go over the common wayfinding<br />
principles and create a hybrid concept: waysharing.<br />
Keywords: interaction design, wayfinding, healthcare design, complex networks<br />
Corresponding Author: Stefano Andreani<br />
Tel.: +39 075 5853787<br />
Fax.: +39 075 5853786<br />
e-mail: andreaniste@gmail.com<br />
Address: Via Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia (Italy).<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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Design time and time architecture<br />
P. J. Juan Gutiérrez (a)<br />
(a) Universidad de Alicante<br />
Abstract:<br />
Undoubtedly the way in which we inhabit a building is different from the way we use an<br />
object, especially as far as timing is concerned. Although we are part of the architecture<br />
the same way that objects are our most immediate and artificial extension, they are<br />
(usually smaller than that of an architectural construction) those who construct<br />
discontinuously our intratemporality.<br />
This communication, through the proposed analysis, demonstrates the importance of<br />
knowing (and therefore understand) the time scale that defines and enables our objects.<br />
Only through the tool that is the consciousness of his reality we will be able to get to<br />
optimize our designs in order that our intentions are expressed through our objects.<br />
Keywords: Time, Design, Architecture, SANAA<br />
Corresponding Author: Pablo Jeremías Juan Gutiérrez<br />
e-mail: pablo.juan@ua.es<br />
New materiality: digital fabrication and open form<br />
Notes on the Arbitrariness of Architectural Form<br />
and Parametric Design.<br />
C. L. Marcos (a)<br />
(a) Departamento de Expresión Gráfica y Cartografía. Escuela Politécnica Superior.<br />
Universidad de Alicante<br />
Abstract:<br />
Digitally conscious architectural design is founded on the assumption that computer tools<br />
should modify architecture’s own language, not just the way architects must work.<br />
The idea of open form is the result of producing encoded designs, that is: geometry is<br />
defined parametrically and codified in a non material language instead of being imposed<br />
over materiality –drawings or physical models- as is characteristic to architectural design<br />
tradition. A parametric design is open in as much as it defines a topological model where<br />
the connectivity between the parts and their relation to the whole generates a typology of<br />
possible designs limited by the range of parameters involved. Some parallels can be drawn<br />
with Eco’s idea of open form referring to some artistic production of the second half of the<br />
XX century.<br />
The increased complexity that can be achieved with new design tools has often led to a<br />
banal formalism inconsistent with architecture’s own tradition. The baroqueness of recent<br />
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June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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digital designs is confronted with the aesthetics of simplicity established by Modernism<br />
derived from its constructive principles. As Tafuri or Moneo pointed out, and recently<br />
Eisenman has proved with his own architectural production, there is a certain degree of<br />
arbitrariness in architectural form. However, architectural sense must rely on the<br />
principles of utility and construction. Thus, arbitrariness of architectural form should not<br />
be confused with arbitrariness of architectural design; it just refers to the fact that the<br />
complexity inherent to architecture may not optimize the relation between form and<br />
function. Thus, a variety of different architectural forms may well suffice the use<br />
requirements for each project.<br />
Digital tools have improved the potential of architectural design thus broadening<br />
architecture’s role and providing the apparatus to explore geometries and constructive<br />
systems that would have been unimaginable decades ago. C.A.D./C.A.M. tools are<br />
beginning to produce extraordinary synergies in the context of complexity. Digital<br />
fabrication is the logical extension to digital design as it relies on the computers’ precision<br />
and their potential to manage complexity in varied ways, shifting from construction to<br />
manufacturing.<br />
The aim of this paper is to analyse the relation of open form and digital fabrication.<br />
Conceptually, it will address what has been referred to as new materiality understood as<br />
the constructive logic intrinsic to materials and new fabrication techniques. New<br />
materiality may articulate an architectural constructive logic as stated by Milizia in the<br />
XVIII century and new digital fabrication techniques.<br />
Keywords: New Materiality, Open Form, Parametric Design, Digital Fabrication,<br />
Arbitrariness<br />
Corresponding Author: Carlos L. Marcos<br />
Tel.: (34) 965 903 400 (ext. 3188)<br />
e-mail: carlos.marcos@ua.es<br />
New key factors in drawing up a building<br />
M. Valiente López (a), T. Gil López (a), E. Martínez Borrell (a), I. Anta Fernández (a)<br />
(a) Polytechnic University of Madrid<br />
Abstract:<br />
When we draw up a building we are using our personal way of approach to architecture.<br />
We are interpreting the building. We must do a detailed study of the object: construction,<br />
structure, ...<br />
Drawing by computer is widely used in the architect community, more and more the<br />
architects’ studio and ateliers demand the professional who collaborates in the tasks of<br />
production and drawing of the architectonic planes, with more knowledge in the<br />
computer drawing. Lately the introduction of the presentations in three dimensions and<br />
multimedia causes the professional to get knowledge on these means and their use.<br />
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Nevertheless, the virtual pads introduce a fundamental concept in drawing up plans or<br />
plan survey. But a problem exists, to access to the virtual graphical representation without<br />
the necessary maturity in the field of the Architectonic Presentation.<br />
We must think that independently of the used technique it is very important to know the<br />
aim a priori that is wanted to obtain, since this one is the only mean to obtain it. For that<br />
reason, a constructive understanding of the architectonic work is advisable, before<br />
realising any representation of it, and based on it, we will choose the more suitable<br />
technique of representation.<br />
It is for that reason that seems so important to us to make an analysis of the drawing up a<br />
building and its problems.<br />
From the Madrid Politecnic University, we must begin to stimulate the new forms to<br />
express the architecture, imaginary or constructed, and to express with a clear and<br />
concise language our work, so that we pruned to show from different points of view our<br />
finished work or process of creation.<br />
Consequently, we must try to balance the feeling of using such a powerful means for<br />
designing as those based on computing techniques with the intrinsic value of the graphic<br />
means based on the traditional manual ones. We consider it is the best approach for using<br />
the new technologies.<br />
Keywords: Innovative Methods in Design, Representation Systems, Geometric Analysis,<br />
Simulation and Virtual Approaches, Building information modeling<br />
Corresponding Author: Mercedes Valiente López<br />
Tel.: +34696782221<br />
Fax.: +34913367597<br />
e-mail: mercedes.valiente@upm.es<br />
Address: General Álvarez de Castro nº 23 - 28010 Madrid. Spain.<br />
Architecture = Design?<br />
The increasingly strong link between 3D modeling<br />
and automated manufacturing<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
M. Capone (a)<br />
(a) University of Naples Federico II, Architecture, DICATA<br />
Abstract:<br />
3D models have always been used to study and control complex shapes. The Luca Pacioli's<br />
vacuous models and Gaudi's funicular polygon are the best way to study geometry and to<br />
represent complex architecture. The 3D digital model offers advantages over the<br />
traditional material model, in fact it is able to simulate the perceptive dimension, to verify<br />
structures, but we can build from it, prototypes or architectural components too. The<br />
relationship between digital model and construction is very close, now we can produce<br />
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prototypes, models or elements of construction using CAM technology, CNC systems or<br />
rapid prototyping. Development of these tools is increasingly approaching Architecture to<br />
Design not only regard on the forms, but regard on the design method. The new tools are<br />
profoundly changing the processes of design and construction and the boundaries<br />
between architecture, engineering and production methods are increasingly blurred. To<br />
examine the relationship between 3D modelling (real or digital models) and production<br />
methods, in our research we rebuilt 3D models of some very different study cases in<br />
which the relation between the real model, digital model and the construction of<br />
building's components are reversed.<br />
Keywords: Free-form geometry, CAD\CAM, Digital fabrication, 3D modeling, Reverse<br />
Modeling.<br />
Corresponding Author: Mara Capone<br />
Mara Capone<br />
Tel.:+39 0812538446<br />
Fax.:+38 0812538406<br />
e-mail: mara.capone@unina.it<br />
Address: via Tarsia 31, Naples<br />
Wayfinding on public spaces: the UPV case<br />
J. Gonzalez-del-Rio (a), O. Ampuero-Canellas (a), B. Jorda-Albiñana (a) , J. I. Rojas-Sola (b)<br />
(a) Centro de Investigación en Tecnologías Gráficas. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (Spain).<br />
(b) Universidad de Jaén (Spain).<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
The purposes of this paper is to introduce a wayfinding project developed for the<br />
Universidad Politécnica of Valencia and to describe its characteristics based on a literature<br />
review.<br />
Method:<br />
For this, a review of the literature has been carried out and seven requirements of any<br />
wayfinding project have been extracted (utility, durability, esthetics, economy, legibility,<br />
reproducibility and uniformity). These requirements have been applied to the study of the<br />
university’s wayfinding project.<br />
Result:<br />
The basic principles governing the wayfinding project were analyzed, as well as some of<br />
the actions taken.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
The implementation of the requirements for good wayfinding allows a better<br />
understanding of the decisions taken and the principles in which a wayfinding program is<br />
based.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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Keywords: Wayfinding, Case study, Urbanism, Graphic design.<br />
Corresponding Author: Jimena Gonzalez-del-Rio<br />
Tel.: +34 963877067<br />
Fax.: +34 963877958<br />
e-mail: jimena@mag.upv.es<br />
Address: Camino de Vera s/n. 46022 Valencia (Spain).<br />
The drawings design realized by parametric computer systems<br />
G.Garzino (a), M. Lo Turco (a), M. Vozzola (a)<br />
(a) Politecnico di Torino, Dept. of Building Engineering and Territorial Systems – D.I.S.E.T.<br />
Abstract:<br />
The parametric computer graphic systems adoption, meant as dialogue and interaction<br />
tool among the various operators of the building construction, is based (since the first<br />
phases of the preliminary project) on the management of a unique database related to the<br />
various actors of the design process. This leads to an able to interact with the various<br />
actors of the project according to a deductive logic of it. The virtual model performs both<br />
to geometric and to semantic level, operating to interact both the formal knowledge and<br />
the technological one. At this regards, great opportunity is therefore given by the chance<br />
to build, through the Drawing, a very complex model, susceptible of investigations that go<br />
further the cognitive searching traditionally connected to representation's field.<br />
This particular feature implies that computer drawing has not only to be considered the<br />
communication language but the opportunity and the means to search for the truth and<br />
the overall accuracy of the design idea. This is basically the weld between “what” and<br />
“how”: and the distinction is not between draw (understood as thing's physiognomy's<br />
developer) and project (meant as forecasting of the thing itself), but the draw becomes at<br />
the same time a trial and an instrument.<br />
The paper includes some professional experiences, aiming to explain the adoption and the<br />
implementation of BIM (Building Infomration Modeling) methodology, developed through<br />
the cooperation between the Building Service of the Politecnico di Torino and the<br />
Department of Building Engineering and Territorial Systems (DISET) of the same university.<br />
Other case studies are developed by the same authors of the paper through the<br />
collaboration between some Italian professionals and DISET researchers.<br />
Keywords: Building Information Modeling, Representation, Architectural design<br />
Corresponding Author: Giorgio Garzino<br />
Tel.:0039-0110905336<br />
Fax.: 0039-0110905399<br />
e-mail: giorgio.garzino@polito.it<br />
Address:corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24 – 10129 Torino Italy<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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Bioclimatic passive designs rural buildings<br />
I. Cañas (a), P. Núñez (b), S. Martín-Ocaña (a) F. R. Mazarrón (a) J.L.García-Grinda (a)<br />
(a) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Research group: “Heritage, landscape, graphic representation<br />
and agroforestry construction”<br />
(b) Universidad de Alcalá de Henares<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
In this paper the evolution of the bioclimatic architecture is explained from the existing<br />
relation between climate and construction in the vernacular architecture, happening<br />
through the appearance of the term of bioclimatic architecture in the sixties, to the<br />
present time.<br />
Method:<br />
The two bioclimatic charts used by architects appear: Olgyay and Givoni´s, and its use to<br />
establish the strategies of design for each climate. Next a review of these strategies of<br />
design is done, explaining its operation and the climatic conditions in which its use is just.<br />
The explanations come accompanied from images that help to understand the mechanism<br />
of performance of each strategy.<br />
Result:<br />
On the strategies is insisted of design of simple incorporation in the building and low cost<br />
because it is to give bases for the bioclimatic construction of rural buildings<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
It is known that traditional rural buildings used strategies to take advantage of the factors<br />
the climate in which they were located, obtaining the conditions required for their<br />
process. Starting off of this hypothesis, it is wanted to transfer these present strategies to<br />
rural buildings and to incorporate other that we know after the bioclimatic study from the<br />
building and the environment.<br />
Keywords: Architectural desing, Bioclimatic architecture, Design strategies, Traditional<br />
architecture.<br />
Corresponding Author: Ignacio Cañas Guerrero<br />
Tel.:+34913365767<br />
Fax.:+34913363688<br />
e-mail: ignacio.canas@upm.es<br />
Address: E.T.S.I.Agrónomos. Departamento de Construcción y Vías Rurales. Avenida Complutense<br />
s/n. 28040 Madrid.<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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Digital modelling and representations:<br />
Design and works by Riccardo Morandi and Sergio Musumeci<br />
G. Curti (a), B. Polimeni (a), S. Raschi (a)<br />
(a) Università degli Studi Mediterranea Reggio Calabria Facoltà di Architettura<br />
Abstract:<br />
Purpose:<br />
The purpose of this abstract is as a contribution to research on the representation of flat<br />
or variously shaped curves. The study is focused on the ability to model surfaces with<br />
traditional CAD systems.<br />
Method:<br />
The analysis is focused on the possibility of determining the morphological configurations<br />
of architectural coverings and other structures by means of the traditional, CAD,<br />
instruments.<br />
Result:<br />
The characteristics of the architecture are highlighted by a process which starts from the<br />
""pure form"" and arrives at the completed, built structure.<br />
Discussion & Conclusion:<br />
Our approach requires that a special focus be given to the works of R. Morandi and S.<br />
Musmeci who used shaped surfaces for particular architectural structures in various ways.<br />
Keywords: Digital modelling, representation techniques, traditional CAD systems, ruled<br />
surfaces, minimal surfaces.<br />
Corresponding Author: Gabriella Curti<br />
Tel.:334-6698169<br />
Fax.:0965-3222235<br />
e-mail: gabriella.curti@unirc.it<br />
Address:Contrada Melissari-Feo di Vito (RC).<br />
Computer modeling<br />
to document architecture and for use in design prefiguration<br />
M. R. Cundari (a), G. C. Cundari (a)<br />
(a) Department of Civil Engineering of the University of Salerno<br />
Abstract:<br />
This paper focuses on the use of computer modelling in two cases of design prefiguration.<br />
The first involves the possible enhancement and conversion of the old monastery of San<br />
Bernardino in L’Aquila, the second the possible renovation of a former ATAC bus depot in<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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Rome as part of a more general urban enhancement and conversion project. The first<br />
project involves architectural restoration; the second involves the redesign of an<br />
interesting industrial building. In both cases the paper focuses on the use of computer<br />
modelling in design prefiguration. The first involves the possible enhancement and<br />
conversion of the old monastery of San Bernardino in L’Aquila, the second the possible<br />
enovation of a former ATAC bus depot in Rome as part of a bigger urban enhancement<br />
and conversion project. The first project involves architectural restoration; the second<br />
involves the redesign of an interesting industrial building. In both cases modelling involved<br />
a survey of the existing structures and only later the 3D restitution of the new design<br />
project.<br />
This procedure – involving separate modelling for the existing structure and the new<br />
design – gives the latter an added value insofar as the ATAC bus depot is currently being<br />
demolished, at least partially, as part of the urban enhancement and conversion plan. This<br />
underscores the added value of a model in any requalification process of our building<br />
heritage.<br />
Keywords: Modelling, Survey, Project<br />
Corresponding Author: Maria Rosaria Cundari<br />
Tel.: 0030.089.964208<br />
e-mail: m.cundari3@studenti.unisa.it<br />
Address: Via Ponte di Don Melillo, 00084 Fisciano, Salerno.<br />
Computer modelling based on<br />
integrated survey techniques and to document architecture<br />
C. Cundari (a)<br />
(a) Department of History, Drawing and Restoration of Architecture “Sapienza” University of Rome<br />
Abstract:<br />
Original This paper focuses on two studies documenting two monumental complexes<br />
(Verlasce in Venafro and the archaeological complex of San Vincenzo al Volturno, both in<br />
the province of Isernia) using several different measuring techniques: direct, topographic,<br />
photographic and electronic survey. In both cases the model was created using the<br />
acquired measurements and laser scanner “points clouds”. The models were used to<br />
verify all the measurements as well as create the most “realistic” “representation” and<br />
documentation of the surveyed objects.<br />
Keywords: Survey, Modelling, Representation.<br />
Corresponding Author: Cesare Cundari<br />
Tel.:00.39.6.49916114<br />
Fax.: 00.39.6.49916841<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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e-mail: cesare.cundari@uniroma1.it<br />
Address: Via Scarpa, 16 – 00161, Roma, Italy<br />
Digital Modeling in architectural analysis<br />
for training engineers to building design<br />
M. La Mantia (a)<br />
(a) Department of History, Drawing and Restoration of Architecture “Sapienza” University of Rome<br />
Abstract:<br />
The Architectural Design course at the Faculty of Engineering of the University Sapienza of<br />
Rome, has as its goal is learning the methods of graphic representation that the<br />
development of analytical skills for understanding and knowledge of architecture. Then<br />
through the learning of techniques, procedures and methods of the architectural<br />
modeling is the ability to amplify spatial conception of the student. Starting from data<br />
metric, infographic from the documentation made available to it and having understood<br />
the process of construction of the architecture under investigation in the prior realization<br />
of a model material, the student acquires the ability to develop a three-dimensional digital<br />
model with which to communicate effectively the different architectural components<br />
(formal, historical, structural, functional, etc...). The methodology provides for the joint<br />
application in computational steps of the process:<br />
1) Implementation of the geometric model for the analysis of volumes and spaces;<br />
2) Application of textures and materials for a pseudo-realistic visualizzaione<br />
3) Context.<br />
Knowledge of three-dimensional modeling results, so in a useful and powerful instrument<br />
for market development, representation and communication of the building process and<br />
the building itself, with which the engineer may, in the right direction, as well as expand<br />
its planning potential.<br />
Keywords: Digital Design, Modelling, Analysis of the architecture, Representation<br />
Corresponding Author: Mariella La Mantia<br />
Tel.: 00.39.6.49916116<br />
Fax.: 0039.6.49916841<br />
e-mail: archmariella@gmail.com<br />
Address: Via Scarpa, 16 – 00161, Roma, Italy<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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The digital model<br />
in the documentation of architectural elements<br />
L. Carnevali (a)<br />
(a) Department of History, Drawing and Restoration of Architecture “Sapienza” University of Rome<br />
Abstract:<br />
Among the elements that complement the buildings also include those made of wrought<br />
iron that are carrying out different functions: delete, beak, bells, lanterns, etc. . The<br />
communication anticipate some results of a study addressed to the documentation of the<br />
works in wrought iron to complement the architecture. Considering the evolution of the<br />
process over time, based on archival records and the importance of the works themselves,<br />
it is possible to produce the corresponding computer models that are useful to document<br />
the construction aspects as well as those of perception.<br />
Keywords: Documentation, Survey, Protection heritage, Wrought-iron works<br />
Corresponding Author: Laura Carnevali<br />
"Tel.: 00.39.6.49916894<br />
Fax.: 00.39.6.49916841<br />
e-mail: laura.carnevali@uniroma1.it<br />
Address: Via Scarpa, 16 – 00161, Roma, Italy<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
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List of Authors<br />
A. A. Ammar ................................... 52<br />
A. Adán-Oliver.............................. 145<br />
A. Álvarez ..................................... 101<br />
A. Angilica ...................................... 28<br />
A. Ballu ........................................... 94<br />
A. Baschiera ................................... 36<br />
A. Bass ............................................ 14<br />
A. Benamara ............................ 50; 91<br />
A. Carofalo ..................................... 44<br />
A. Cerardi ............................... 96; 112<br />
A. Ceruti ......................... 56; 107; 108<br />
A. Collignan .................................. 106<br />
A. Donoso .................................... 102<br />
A. E. Morabito .................... 43; 44; 75<br />
A. E. Uva ................................... 24; 67<br />
A. Fernández ................................ 152<br />
A. Fernández Sora ............ 17; 55; 133<br />
A. Finneran .................................. 130<br />
A. G. F. Gibb ................................. 130<br />
A. G. González Rodríguez ............. 102<br />
A. Giordano .................................. 128<br />
A. González Rodríguez ................. 102<br />
A. L. Romera Zarza ....................... 132<br />
A. Lanzotti ................................ 20; 86<br />
A. Liverani .............................. 56; 107<br />
A. López ............................... 151; 153<br />
A. López-Tercero .......................... 146<br />
A. M. García Lorca ....................... 152<br />
A. M. Manferdini ........................... 19<br />
A. M. Trallero Sanz ....................... 146<br />
A. Mancuso .................................. 113<br />
A. Manuello Bertetto ................... 105<br />
A. Marín Palma ............................ 146<br />
A. Mozas ...................................... 153<br />
A. Naddeo ...................................... 18<br />
A. Nocerino .................................... 62<br />
A. O. Andrisano .................. 54; 59; 85<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
177<br />
A. P. Merina ......................... 142; 160<br />
A. Pagliano ................................... 125<br />
A. Paoli ..................................... 69; 74<br />
A. Pellegrino .................................. 62<br />
A. Ramos ...................................... 120<br />
A. Riel........................................... 129<br />
A. Ristevich .................................. 128<br />
A. Robert ....................................... 33<br />
A. Román ..................................... 136<br />
A. Serrano Tierz ............................. 17<br />
A. Spezzaneve .............................. 114<br />
A. T. Mozas .................................. 151<br />
A. V. Razionale ......................... 69; 74<br />
A. Vanacore ................................... 20<br />
A. Vergnano ....................... 54; 59; 85<br />
A. Viciana ..................................... 152<br />
A. Zompì ........................................ 95<br />
B. Álvarez ..................................... 101<br />
B. Callejero Cornao ........................ 55<br />
B. Defez ............................. 24; 71; 99<br />
B. Jorda-Albiñana ........................ 170<br />
B. Louhichi ..................................... 91<br />
B. Messina ................................... 148<br />
B. Motyl ......................................... 57<br />
B. Polimeni .................................. 173<br />
B. Ramos ...................................... 136<br />
B. Vazquez ..................................... 68<br />
B. Yannou ...................................... 50<br />
C. Anido ....................................... 101<br />
C. Bandera ..................................... 57<br />
C. C. Perucho ....................... 142; 160<br />
C. Cundari .................................... 174<br />
C. D’Oria ........................................ 18<br />
C. Falchi ....................................... 105<br />
C. Favi ............................................ 58<br />
C. García Hernández ............ 130; 133<br />
C. L. Marcos ................................. 167<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
C. Melgosa ................................... 136<br />
C. Monteleone ............................. 139<br />
C. Porras Amores ......................... 143<br />
C. Porras-Amores ......................... 145<br />
C. Rocco ......................................... 62<br />
C. San Antonio ............................. 150<br />
C. San Antonio Gómez ................. 153<br />
C. Vernier ....................................... 33<br />
C. Zoido .......................................... 71<br />
D. Barattin ...................................... 27<br />
D. Blumenthal ................................ 60<br />
D. Boddi ....................................... 100<br />
D. Francia ......................... 56; 84; 107<br />
D. Gutiérrez ................................... 16<br />
D. Saba ........................................... 74<br />
D. Scaravetti ................................... 52<br />
D. Teissandier ................................ 93<br />
D. Tumino .................................... 116<br />
E. Aliouat ........................................ 60<br />
E. Baños ....................................... 136<br />
E. Bonisoli .................................... 110<br />
E. García ....................................... 136<br />
E. García Martínez ....................... 146<br />
E. González .................................. 152<br />
E. Lluna .......................................... 99<br />
E. Lombardo ................................... 82<br />
E. Manferdini ................................. 19<br />
E. Marchis .................................... 159<br />
E. Martínez Borrell ....................... 168<br />
E. Molero ..................................... 158<br />
E. Montiel .................................... 115<br />
E. Pezzuti ........................................ 26<br />
E. Rovida ...................................... 131<br />
E. Sentana .............................. 15; 137<br />
E. Vezzetti ...................................... 95<br />
E.B. Blázquez .......................... 17; 157<br />
F. Aguilar ...................................... 151<br />
F. Belloni ...................................... 156<br />
F. Bianconi ................................... 166<br />
F. Bruno ................................... 28; 47<br />
F. Brusola ....................................... 99<br />
F. Brusola Simón ............................. 32<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
178<br />
F. Chiementin .............................. 128<br />
F. De Crescenzio ............ 77; 119; 135<br />
F. Di Monaco ............................... 110<br />
F. Gherardini .................................. 85<br />
F. Giménez Alcaide ........................ 71<br />
F. Hermosilla ................................ 157<br />
F. I. Cosco ...................................... 28<br />
F. J. Aguilar .................. 152; 153; 155<br />
F. J. Castillo ............................ 17; 157<br />
F. J. Espinach Orús ......................... 17<br />
F. Julián Pérez ................................ 17<br />
F. Leali ................................ 54; 59; 85<br />
F. Lucchi ................................. 77; 135<br />
F. Mandorli .................................... 76<br />
F. Manzano Agugliaro .................. 153<br />
F. Mozas Martínez ....................... 149<br />
F. N. Gimena ................ 124; 131; 148<br />
F. Patiño Barbeito .......................... 28<br />
F. Patiño Cambeiro ........................ 28<br />
F. Persiani .............................. 84; 108<br />
F. Pini ............................................. 59<br />
F. R. Mazarrón ............. 143; 145; 172<br />
F. Rosa ......................................... 131<br />
F. Villecco ...................................... 62<br />
G. C. Cundari ................................ 173<br />
G. Cacopardo ................................. 82<br />
G. Caligiana .................... 56; 107; 108<br />
G. Concheri ................ 36; 40; 96; 121<br />
G. Curti ........................................ 173<br />
G. de los Galanes ......................... 146<br />
G. Defranco ........................... 78; 128<br />
G. Fatuzzo ................................ 82; 99<br />
G. Fernández San Elías ................ 132<br />
G. García ...................................... 101<br />
G. Lo Buglio.................................... 82<br />
G. Mangano ................................... 98<br />
G. Monno ................................ 24; 67<br />
G. N. Massai................................. 134<br />
G. Osorio-Gomez ........................... 51<br />
G. Pearce ..................................... 118<br />
G. Peris Fajarnés ........ 24; 32; 66; 142<br />
G. Peris-Farjarnés .......................... 71<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
G. Romero .............................. 71; 118<br />
G. Savio .................... 40; 96; 112; 121<br />
G. Sequenzia ............................ 82; 99<br />
G. Sergio ........................................ 82<br />
G.Garzino ..................................... 171<br />
H. N. Lê .......................................... 94<br />
I. Anta Fernández ......................... 168<br />
I. C. Guerrero ....................... 142; 160<br />
I. Cañas ........................................ 172<br />
I. Cárdenas Anguita ...................... 149<br />
I. Fernández ......... 151; 152; 153; 155<br />
I. Friso .......................................... 126<br />
I. Goicoechea Castaño ................... 28<br />
I. Ladrón de Guevara ..................... 17<br />
I. Lengua Lengua............... 32; 99; 142<br />
I. Lidón López ................................. 17<br />
I. Lopez ......................................... 103<br />
I. Sentana ............................... 15; 137<br />
Ignacio Cañas ....................... 143; 145<br />
J. A. Cañas Madueño ................... 159<br />
J. A. Flores Soto ............................ 143<br />
J. A. Simoes .................................. 120<br />
J. Alonso Trigueros ....................... 132<br />
J. C. Asenjo ................................... 150<br />
J. C. Rubio Romero ....................... 130<br />
J. Cerqueiro .............................. 35; 92<br />
J. Cid Falceto ................................ 143<br />
J. Delgado ............................ 151; 155<br />
J. F. Petiot ...................................... 60<br />
J. Felez.................................... 71; 118<br />
J. G. Negreiros ...................... 152; 155<br />
J. Gimenez López ............................ 32<br />
J. Gonzalez-del-Rio....................... 170<br />
J. Grandjean ................................... 93<br />
J. H. Xin .......................................... 83<br />
J. I. Prieto López ............................. 28<br />
J. I. Rojas ........................................ 16<br />
J. I. Rojas-Sola ........................ 34; 170<br />
J. J. López ..................................... 148<br />
J. Javier López .............................. 124<br />
J. Jiménez ....................................... 17<br />
J. L. Caro Rodríguez ........................ 42<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
179<br />
J. L. Giménez López ..................... 142<br />
J. L. Pérez ..................... 151; 153; 155<br />
J. López Soto .................................. 42<br />
J. M. Chacón ................................ 102<br />
J. M. Gomis Martí .......................... 45<br />
J. M. Sanz ....................................... 16<br />
J. M. Sieffermann .......................... 60<br />
J. M. Valderrama Zafra ................ 149<br />
J. Maroto ....................................... 71<br />
J. Martínez García ........................ 153<br />
J. Ortiz ............................................ 68<br />
J. P. Nadeau ................................... 52<br />
J. P. Pernot ..................................... 47<br />
J. Pailhes ...................................... 106<br />
J. Pose ...................................... 35; 92<br />
J. R. Andrés .................................. 158<br />
J. Sánchez Reyes ............................ 46<br />
J. Sancho Val .................................. 55<br />
J. T. Fan .......................................... 83<br />
J.L. Benito .................................... 145<br />
J.L.García-Grinda ......................... 172<br />
K. François Xavier .......................... 52<br />
L. A. Lopresti .................................. 78<br />
L. Barbieri ...................................... 47<br />
L. Bifulco ...................................... 128<br />
L. Carnevali .................................. 176<br />
L. Ciocca ....................................... 119<br />
L. D’Angelo .................................. 120<br />
L. De Napoli ................................... 62<br />
L. Di Angelo ...................... 41; 75; 114<br />
L. Dunai .................................. 24; 142<br />
L. Frattari ....................................... 86<br />
L. Fuertes ..................................... 128<br />
L. Giaccari ...................................... 41<br />
L. Gimena............................. 124; 131<br />
L. Governi ................................ 66; 76<br />
L. López .................................... 35; 92<br />
L. Lopresti .................................... 128<br />
L. M. Papa .................................... 164<br />
L. Martini ..................................... 164<br />
L. Nalbone ................................... 116<br />
L. Planchenstainer ....................... 112<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
L. Recanatesi ................................ 107<br />
L. Seccia ......................................... 77<br />
L. Silvestri ....................................... 86<br />
L.Dunai ........................................... 66<br />
M. A. Aguilar ................ 151; 153; 155<br />
M. A. Contreras ............................ 158<br />
M. A. Hidalgo Fernández ............. 159<br />
M. A. Ruiz ............................. 142; 160<br />
M. Ángel Aguilar .......................... 152<br />
M. Ansaloni .................................... 54<br />
M. Aoun ....................................... 120<br />
M. Brodeschi .................................. 28<br />
M. C. Ladrón de Guevara ............. 157<br />
M. Calì ...................................... 82; 99<br />
M. Caneri ....................................... 36<br />
M. Capone ................................... 169<br />
M. Carfagni .................................... 53<br />
M. Castro-García ............................ 34<br />
M. Cigola ...................................... 147<br />
M. Crespo .................................... 131<br />
M. D’Anna ...................................... 98<br />
M. Danzart ..................................... 60<br />
M. Davia ....................................... 115<br />
M. De Giorgi ............................. 43; 44<br />
M. del Mar Espinosa ...................... 16<br />
M. del Mar Saldaña...................... 152<br />
M. Domínguez ............................... 16<br />
M. Fantini ....................... 77; 119; 135<br />
M. Fiorentino ........................... 24; 67<br />
M. Germani .......... 25; 35; 58; 76; 115<br />
M. Giordano ................................... 78<br />
M. Goñi ................................ 124; 148<br />
M. Heredia Conde .......................... 45<br />
M. Jaafarnia ................................... 14<br />
M. L. Gil .......................................... 68<br />
M. L. Ladrón de Guevara ............. 157<br />
M. L. Luchi ...................................... 28<br />
M. L. Martinez ............................. 118<br />
M. La Mantia ................................ 175<br />
M. Lo Turco .................................. 171<br />
M. López ........................................ 15<br />
M. Luz García ............................... 158<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
180<br />
M. M. Bocconcino ....................... 134<br />
M. Mandolini ......................... 35; 115<br />
M. Marconi .................................... 58<br />
M. Martorelli ....................... 113; 117<br />
M. Mengoni ............... 25; 58; 76; 115<br />
M. Mesnard ................................. 120<br />
M. Muzzupappa....................... 28; 47<br />
M. Nunziati .................................... 76<br />
M. Olivier ....................................... 52<br />
M. P. Iarossi ................................. 156<br />
M. Palai .......................................... 66<br />
M. Pappalardo ............................... 62<br />
M. Pellicciari ...................... 54; 59; 85<br />
M. Pérez Vázquez .......................... 45<br />
M. Peruzzini ................................... 25<br />
M. R. Cundari ............................... 173<br />
M. Rizzi ........................................ 120<br />
M. Tlija ........................................... 91<br />
M. Toccafondi ................................ 66<br />
M. Trotta ................................. 20; 86<br />
M. Turchetto ............................... 112<br />
M. Valiente López ........................ 168<br />
M. Vezzani ................................... 100<br />
M. Vitali ....................................... 159<br />
M. Vozzola ................................... 171<br />
M. W. Fu ........................................ 61<br />
Mª. P. Carranza-Cañadas ............... 34<br />
N. Cappetti .................................... 18<br />
N. D. Perkinson ............................ 118<br />
N. de la Puente .............................. 16<br />
N. Ortigosa .................................... 66<br />
N. Ortigosa Araque ........................ 24<br />
N. Sesse ....................................... 137<br />
O. Ampuero-Canellas .................. 170<br />
O. D. de Cózar ................................ 17<br />
P. Belardi ..................................... 164<br />
P. Bust .......................................... 130<br />
P. Cicconi ....................................... 35<br />
P. D’Agostino ............................... 148<br />
P. Darnis ........................................ 94<br />
P. Di Stefano .......................... 75; 114<br />
P. Franciosa ..................... 70; 86; 117<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>
P. Gonzaga ........................... 124; 131<br />
P. Ibáñez Carabantes ..................... 55<br />
P. J. Juan Gutiérrez ...................... 167<br />
P. Kiciak .......................................... 46<br />
P. Manco ........................................ 43<br />
P. Nicolas ....................................... 52<br />
P. Núñez ....................................... 172<br />
P. P. Valentini ................................. 26<br />
P. R. López Para ............................. 42<br />
P. Sanin ........................................ 138<br />
P. Sebastian ......................... 104; 106<br />
P. Sébastian ................................. 109<br />
P. Stephane .................................... 52<br />
P. Ubieto Artur ..................... 130; 133<br />
P. Y. Mok ........................................ 83<br />
R. Ambu ....................................... 105<br />
R. Briand ...................................... 109<br />
R. E. Hidalgo Fernández ............... 159<br />
R. Furferi .................................. 53; 76<br />
R. Gaha........................................... 50<br />
R. García ....................................... 150<br />
R. Mejia-Gutierrez ....................... 138<br />
R. Meneghello .... 36; 40; 96; 112; 121<br />
R. Miralbes ................................... 103<br />
R. Nobile ........................................ 44<br />
R. Prádanos .................................... 16<br />
R. Raffaeli ....................... 76; 112; 115<br />
R. Rebollar Rubio ........................... 17<br />
R. Rosa ........................................... 91<br />
R. Viganò ................................ 51; 131<br />
S. Andreani .................................. 166<br />
S. Bagassi ....................................... 84<br />
S. Barba .......................................... 78<br />
S. Barone ........................................ 69<br />
S. Ceccacci ...................................... 25<br />
S. Filippi .................................... 27; 57<br />
S. Gavino ...................................... 128<br />
S. Gerbino ................................ 70; 86<br />
S. Giancane .................................... 43<br />
S. Giovanzana .............................. 121<br />
S. Gomes ........................................ 33<br />
S. M. Oliveri ............................. 82; 99<br />
S. Martínez .................................... 68<br />
S. Martín-Ocaña .......................... 172<br />
S. Moos .......................................... 95<br />
S. Morillas ...................................... 66<br />
S. Patalano ..................................... 86<br />
S. Raschi ....................................... 173<br />
S. Rizzuti .................................. 62; 91<br />
S. Roth ........................................... 33<br />
S. Samper ....................................... 93<br />
S. Tichkiewitch ............................. 129<br />
S. Tornincasa ............................... 110<br />
T. Boudouh .................................... 33<br />
T. Gil López .................................. 168<br />
T. Ingrassia ............... 82; 98; 113; 116<br />
T. Magal ......................................... 71<br />
T. Magal Royo ........................ 32; 142<br />
T. Quirante .................................. 104<br />
T. Rego ........................................... 68<br />
V. A. Lokhov ................................. 120<br />
V. Dattoma .................................... 43<br />
V. Delos.......................................... 93<br />
V. Dupé ........................................ 109<br />
V. M. Santiago ............................... 66<br />
V. Nigrelli ......................... 82; 98; 116<br />
V. Ricotta ..................................... 116<br />
V. Rufrano ...................................... 86<br />
V. Santiago ..................................... 71<br />
V. Santiago Praderas ............... 24; 99<br />
W. L. Chan ..................................... 61<br />
X. Fischer ..................................... 109<br />
Y. L. Kwok ...................................... 83<br />
Y. Ledoux ......................... 93; 94; 104<br />
Y. Nyashin .................................... 120<br />
Y. Volpe ................................... 53; 66<br />
Y. Y. Wu ......................................... 83<br />
June 15 th – 17 th , <strong>2011</strong>, Venice, Italy<br />
181<br />
<strong>IMProVe</strong> <strong>2011</strong> - <strong>Proceedings</strong>