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154 JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, 66(2), JULY 1999 nuel Caspeta-Mandujano, Rafael Baez-Vale, and Isabel Jimenez-Garcia, Institute of Biology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, for help in sampling and examining fish in the state of Jalisco and to Raul Sima-Alvarez, Clara Margarita Vivas-Rodriguez, Ana Maria Sanchez-Manzanilla, Isabel Jimenez-Garcia, Sandra Martha Laffon-Leal, Sonia Zarate-Perez and Victor Ceja-Moreno, Center for Investigation and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV- IPN), Unidad Merida, Mexico, for help in collecting fish in Quintana Roo. Thanks are due to Drs. J. Ralph Lichtenfels and Patricia Pilitt, U.S. National Parasite Collection, Beltsville, Maryland, U.S.A., and Dr. Rafael Lamothe-Argumedo and Luis Garcia-Prieto, Institute of Biology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, for the loan of types of Pseudacanthostomum species. Dr. Patricia Pilitt is further acknowledged for her valuable help with egg size analysis, Martina Borovkova (Institute of Parasitology, Ceske Budejovice) for excellent technical help, and Luis Garcia-Prieto for providing the original description of P. panamense. Literature Cited Brooks, D. R. 1980. Revision of the Acanthostominae Poche, 1926 (Digenea: Cryptogonimidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 70:313- 382. , and R. M. Overstreet. 1977. Acanthostome digeneans from the American alligator in the southeastern United States. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 90:1016-1029. Caballero y C., E., M. Bravo-Hollis, and R. G. Grocott. 1953. Helmintos de la Republica de Panama. VII. Descripcion de algunos trematodos de peces marines. Anales del Institute de Biologfa, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Serie Zoologia 24:97-136. Eschmeyer, W. N. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Vols. 1, 2, 3. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, 2905 pp. Lamothe-Argumedo, R., and G. Ponciano-Rodriguez. 1986. Revision de la subfamilia Acanthostominae Nicoll, 1914 y establecimiento de dos nuevos generos. Anales del Instituto de Biologfa, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Serie Zoologia 56:301-322. Nahhas, F. M., and R. B. Short. 1965. Digenetic trematodes of marine fishes from Apalachee Bay, Gulf of Mexico. Tulane Studies in Zoology 12: 39-50. Ostrowski de Nunez, M. 1984. Beitrage zur Gattung Acanthostomum (Trematoda, Acanthostomatidae) und zu den Entwicklungszyklen von A. marajoarum (Freitas & Lent, 1938) und A. loossi (Perez Vigueras, 1957) in Venezuela. Mitteilungen des Zoologisches Museum, Berlin 60:179-201. Pelaez, D., and F. Cruz-Lozano. 1953. Consideraciones sobre el genero Acanthostomum Looss, 1899 (Trematoda: Acanthostomidae) con descripcion de 2 especies de Mexico. Memorias del VII Congreso Cientifico de Mexico, Ciencias Biologicas, National Autonomous LJniversity of Mexico, Mexico City 7:268-284. Perez-Vigueras, I. 1957. Contribucion al conocimiento de la fauna helmintologica cubana. Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de la Historia Natural 23(1): 1-36. Pineda-Lopez, R., V. Carballo, M. Fucugauchi, and L. Garcia M. 1985. Metazoarios parasites de peces de importancia comercial de la region de los Rios, Tabasco, Mexico. Usumacinta 1(1): 196- 270. Salgado-Maldonado, G., and L. Aguirre-Macedo. 1991. Metacercarias parasitas de Cichlasoma urophthalmus (Cichlidae) Pelaezici loossi n. comb, y Phagicola angrense con descripcion de adultos recuperados experimentalmente. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Serie Zoologia 62:391-407. Scholz, T., and J. Vargas-Vazquez. 1998. Trematodes from fishes of the Rio Hondo River and freshwater lakes of Quintana Roo, Mexico. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 65:91-95. , , F. Moravec, C. Vivas-Rodriguez, and E. Mendoza-Franco. 1995a. Cenotes (sinkholes) of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, as a habitat of adult trematodes of fish. Folia Parasitologica 42:37-47. , , , , and . 1995b. Metacercariae of trematodes of fishes from cenotes (= sinkholes) of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Folia Parasitologica 42:173-192. Yamaguti, S. 1971. Synopsis of Digenetic Trematodes of Vertebrates. Parts I, II. Keigaku Publishing Co., Tokyo. 1074 pp. + 347 plates. . 1975. A Synoptical Review of Life Histories of Digenetic Trematodes of Vertebrates. Keigaku Publishing Co., Tokyo. 590 pp. + 219 plates. Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington
J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 66(2), 1999 pp. 155-174 Ultrastructure of the Female Reproductive System of the Lesion Nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans (Nemata: Pratylenchidae) BURTON Y. ENDO', ULRICH ZuNKE2, AND WILLIAM P. WERGiN1-3 1 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Sciences Institute, Nematology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, U.S.A., and 2 Universtat Hamburg, Institut fur Angewandte Botanik, Marseiller Str. 7, 20355, Hamburg, Germany ABSTRACT: Transmission electron microscopy of the reproductive system of adult females of Pratvlenchus penetrans (Cobb) Filipjev and Schuurmans Stekhoven revealed details of oocyte development and the transformation of oocytes into eggs. Oogonial cell divisions were not observed; however, oogonial development into oocytes was distinctive in that most of the nuclei of ovarian cells were in the pachytene stage (i.e., prophase I of meiosis). In the midsection of the ovary, the oocytes increase in number, enlarge, and accumulate in a single row. Next, the oocytes enter a muscular oviduct and begin to accumulate lipid bodies and protein granules. The plasma membrane of the oviduct becomes plicated and forms cisternae; centralized membrane junctions establish openings for oocytes to enter the spermatheca. Spermatozoa traverse the lumen of the uterus and accumulate in the spermatheca. Each oocyte then passes through the spermatheca proximally and then traverses between columnar cells. The posteriad regions of the columnar cells attach to other uterine cells to form the central lumen of the uterus that extends beyond the vaginal opening and into the postvulvar uterine branch of the reproductive system. The fertilized egg is deposited to the exterior after passing between cuticle-lined vaginal and vulval walls supported by anteriad and posteriad muscle bands, which have ventrosublateral insertions on the body wall. KEY WORDS: transmission electron microscopy, lesion nematode, female reproductive system, Pratylenchus penetrans, Nemata, Pratylenchidae. The lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp., are among the most destructive plant pathogenic nematodes world-wide (Mai et al., 1977; Dropkin, 1989; Zunke, 1990a). Dropkin (1989) reviewed the disease symptoms and pathogenesis of Pratylenchus species, which occur as single parasites or in combination with other pathogens. The ectoparasitic and endoparasitic feeding behavior of Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb, 1917) Filipjev and Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941, has been studied using video-enhanced contrast light microscopy (Zunke and Institut fiir den Wissenschaftlichen Film, 1988; Zunke, 1990b) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (Townshend et al., 1989). Light microscopic studies also have described embryogenesis and postembryogenesis, including the molting process and the development of the reproductive system, in several species of Pratylenchus (Roman and Hirschmann, 1969a, b). In a related study of Ditylenchus triformis, Hirschmann (1962) illustrated the development of male and female reproductive systems during postembryogenesis, beginning with the genital primordium. Recently, we used TEM to describe the 1 Corresponding author. general anatomy of P. penetrans (Endo et al., 1997) and the development of the testis, including the production and morphology of spermatozoa (Endo et al., 1998). These observations complement extensive studies on spermatogenesis and sperm ultrastructure of various species of cyst nematodes (Shepherd et al., 1973; Cares and Baldwin, 1994a, b, 1995). To extend these studies, TEM was used to describe the ultrastructure of the female reproductive system of P. penetrans, with emphasis on oocyte development in the ovary and the morphology of the oviduct, spermatheca, columnar cells, and central uterus. The studies of development of the eggs include evaluation of egg shell depositions in the uterus and the vaginal and vulval muscle morphology as they relate to egg laying. Materials and Methods Infective and parasitic stages of P. penetrans were obtained from root cultures of corn (Zea mays Linnaeus 'Ichief') grown in Gamborg's B-5 medium without cytokinins or auxins (Gamborg et al., 1976). Adults and juveniles were collected from infected root segments that were incubated in water. The samples were prepared for electron microscopy as previously described (Endo and Wcrgin, 1973; Wergin and Endo, 1976). Briefly, nematodes, which were embedded in 2% water agar or in infected roots, were chemically 155 Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington
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Volume 66 JOURNAL of The Helminthol
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J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 66(2), 19
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Page 103 and 104: RESEARCH NOTES 195 Table 1. Prevale
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RESEARCH NOTES 199 and an I- or Y-s
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201 genes as an additional source o
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RESEARCH NOTES 203 Tenebrio molitar
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RESEARCH NOTES 205 rat intestine (M
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RESEARCH NOTES 207 Table 1. Helmint
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J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 662, 1999
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INDEX 215 Mastacembelidae, 52 Masta
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APPLICATION FOR MEMBERSHIP in the H
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*Edna M. Buhrer *Mildred A. Doss *
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