Climate Change - Cohen Commission

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Pörtner, H. O. & Peck, M. A. (2010) Climate change effects on fishes and fisheries: towards a cause-and-effect understanding. Journal of Fish Biology, 77, 1745-1779. PSC (Pacific Salmon Commission) (2009) www.psc.org/NewsRel/2009/NewsRelease10.pdf PSC (Pacific Salmon Commission) (2010) www.psc.org/NewsRel/2010/NewsRelease11.pdf Quinn, T. P. (2005) The Behaviour and Ecology of Pacific Salmon and Trout. University of Washington Press, Washington, USA. Quinn, T. P. & Adams, D. J. (1996) Environmental changes affecting the migratory timing of American shad and sockeye salmon. Ecology, 77, 1151-1162. Quinn, T. P., Eggers, D. M., Clark, J. H. & Rich, H. B. (2007) Density, climate, and the processes of prespawning mortality and egg retention in Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 64, 574-582. Quinn, T. P., Hodgson, S. & Peven, C. (1997) Temperature, flow, and the migration of adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the Columbia River. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 54, 1349-1360. Rand, P. S. & Hinch, S. G. (1998) Swim speeds and energy use of river migrating adult sockeye salmon: simulating metabolic power and assessing risk of energy depletion. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 55, 1832-1841. Rand, P. S., Hinch, S. G., Morrison, J., Foreman, M. G. G., MacNutt, M. J., Macdonald, J. S., Healey, M. C., Farrell, A. P. & Higgs, D. A. (2006) Effects of river discharge, temperature, and future climates on energetics and mortality of adult migrating Fraser River sockeye salmon. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 135, 655-667. Reichardt, M. R. (2005) The effects of climate variability on early marine growth and age at maturity of Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). M.Sc. Thesis, Royal Roads University, Canada. Richardson, A. J. (2008) In hot water: zooplankton and climate change. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65, 279-295. Robards, M. D. & Quinn, T. P. (2002) The migratory timing of adult Summer-Run steelhead in the Columbia River over six decades of environmental change. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 131, 523-536. Rodenhuis, D. R., Bennett, K. E., Werner, A. T., Murdock, T. Q. & Bronaugh, D. (2009) Hydro- Climatology and Future Climate Impacts in British Columbia. Pacific Climate Impact Consortium, Victoria, BC. 132 pp. Rohli, R. V. & Vega, A. J. (2007) Climatology. Jones & Bartlett Publishers, Sudbury, USA. 75
Roscoe, D. W., Hinch, S. G., Cooke, S. J. & Patterson, D. A. (2010) Behaviour and thermal experience of adult sockeye salmon migrating through stratified lakes near spawning grounds: the roles of reproductive and energetic states. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 19, 51-62. Roscoe, D. W., Hinch, S. G., Cooke, S. J. & Patterson, D. A. (in press) Fishway passage and post-passage mortality of up-river migrating sockeye salmon in the Seton River, British Columbia. River Research and Applications. doi: 10.1002/rra.1384 Schindler, D. E., Rogers, D. E., Scheuerell, M. D. & Abrey, C. A. (2005) Effects of changing climate on zooplankton and juvenile sockeye salmon growth in southwestern Alaska. Ecology, 86, 198-209. Steen, R. P. & Quinn, T. P. (1999) Egg burial depth by sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka): implications for survival of embryos and natural selection on female body size. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 77, 836-841. Stewart, I. T., Cayan, D. R. & Dettinger, M. D. (2004) Changes in snowmelt runoff timing in western North America under a „Business As Usual‟ climate change scenario. Climatic Change, 62, 217-232. Stewart, I. T., Cayan, D. R. & Dettinger, M. D. (2005) Changes toward earlier streamflow timing across western North America. Journal of Climate, 18, 1136-1155. STTS (Statement from Think Tank of Scientists) (2009) Adapting to Change: Managing Fraser Sockeye in the Face of Declining Productivity and Increasing Uncertainty. Wednesday, December 9th, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC. www.sfu.ca/cstudies/science/resources/adaptingtochange/FraserSockeyeThinkTankStatem ent.pdf STTS (Statement from Think Tank of Scientists) (2010) Fraser Sockeye 2010: Findings of a Scientists’ Think Tank. Monday, December 6th, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC. www.sfu.ca/cstudies/science/resources/1291745499.pdf Sylvester, J. R. (1972) Effect of thermal stress on predator avoidance in sockeye salmon. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 29, 601-603. Taylor, S. G. (2008) Climate warming causes phenological shift in Pink Salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, behaviour at Auke Creek. Global Change Biology, 14, 229-235. Thomson, R. E. & Hourston, R. A. (2011) A matter of timing: the role of ocean conditions in the initiation of spawning migration by Late-run Fraser River sockeye salmon. Fisheries Oceanography, 20, 47-65. 76
Page 1 and 2:
The Cohen Commission of Inquiry int
Page 3 and 4:
Preface Fraser River sockeye salmon
Page 5 and 6:
Executive summary Effects of clima
Page 7 and 8:
the ecological, economic and social
Page 9 and 10:
mortality of a run-timing group exc
Page 11 and 12:
Cumulative impacts, carry-over and
Page 13 and 14:
3. Summary… .....................
Page 15 and 16:
List of Figures Figure 1.1. Tempora
Page 17 and 18:
migration phenomenon began in 1995.
Page 19 and 20:
1. Effects of climate and climate c
Page 21 and 22:
Abstracts. In both search engines,
Page 23 and 24:
The effects of climate-related vari
Page 25 and 26:
experienced during incubation (i.e.
Page 27 and 28: 1.4.5. Returning adults The relatio
Page 29 and 30: Such recent changes in climate have
Page 31 and 32: 1.6. Qualitative assessment of the
Page 33 and 34: eason, we based our assessment of r
Page 35 and 36: (2008) suggested that phenological
Page 37 and 38: 2. Adult mortality during river mig
Page 39 and 40: spring freshet (Macdonald et al. 20
Page 41 and 42: migration behavior has resulted in
Page 43 and 44: the coast during their homeward mig
Page 45 and 46: levels of en route mortality occurr
Page 47 and 48: stocks (e.g. Early Stuart) and earl
Page 49 and 50: sockeye salmon as they migrate thro
Page 51 and 52: that energy exhaustion on spawning
Page 53 and 54: effects of adverse river conditions
Page 55 and 56: 3. Summary 3.1. Climate change effe
Page 57 and 58: 4. Recommendations: Filling scienti
Page 59 and 60: grounds - these data are converted
Page 61 and 62: ix) Carry-over and intergenerationa
Page 63 and 64: Beacham, T. D. & Murray, C. B. (198
Page 65 and 66: individual mortality in Pacific sal
Page 67 and 68: Dempson, J. B., Furey, G. & Bloom,
Page 69 and 70: Fraser, D. J., Weir, L. K., Bernatc
Page 71 and 72: Hinch, S. G. & Rand, P. S. (1998) S
Page 73 and 74: Levy, D. A. (1992) Potential impact
Page 75 and 76: surface mobility and embryo surviva
Page 77: www.psc.org/info_laterunsockeye.htm
Page 81 and 82: Woodey, J. C. (1987) In season mana
Page 83 and 84: flow 3-710 3 g Naughton et al. (20
Page 85 and 86: Figure 1.1. Temporal trends (decade
Page 87 and 88: Figure 2.2. Relationship between en
Page 89 and 90: Figure 2.4. A) Total run size of ad
Page 91 and 92: Figure 2.6. A) Total run size of ad
Page 93 and 94: Figure 2.8. Daily average temperatu
Page 95 and 96: Figure 2.10. Relationship for Early
Page 97 and 98: Figure 2.12. Pre-spawn mortality by
Page 99 and 100: APPENDIX 1 Statement of Work: Scott
Page 101 and 102: 4.6 The Consultant will participate
Page 103 and 104: 3.7 The review will look specifical
Page 105 and 106: is a strength but would have been a
Page 107 and 108: Response: Due to the integration of
Page 109 and 110: makes sense to use it as a backbone
Page 111 and 112: Report Title: Adult Mortality durin
Page 113 and 114: For example, more than 3,000 ARGO o
Page 115 and 116: Report Title: The Effects of Climat
Page 117 and 118: Government, who has statutory autho
Page 119 and 120: Response: The 20-year time frame is
Page 121 and 122: are not necessarily related to clim
Page 123 and 124: up a bit. In addition, I disagree w
Page 125 and 126: oute mortality? For which populatio
Page 127 and 128: APPENDIX 4 List of publications use
Page 129 and 130:
Cox, S. P. & Hinch, S. G. (1997) Ch
Page 131 and 132:
Hodgson, S. & Quinn, T. P. (2002) T
Page 133 and 134:
Martinson, E. C., Helle, J. H., Sca
Page 135 and 136:
Pyper, B. J. & Peterman, R. M. (199
Page 137:
Tolson, G. M. (1988) Locomotor resp
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