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Evaluating a Firm's External Environment - Illinois State University

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M02_BARN4586_03_SE_C02.qxd 7/1/09 7:34 AM Page 63<br />

Chapter 2: <strong>Evaluating</strong> a Firm’s <strong>External</strong> <strong>Environment</strong> 63<br />

24. See Henderson, R., and I. Cockburn. (1994). “Measuring competence:<br />

Exploring firm effects in pharmaceutical research.” Strategic<br />

Management Journal, 15, pp. 361–374.<br />

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Boston: Houghton Mifflin.<br />

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March 23, pp. 68–78; and Allen, M., and M. Siconolfi. (1993). “Dell<br />

Computer drops planned share offering.” The Wall Street Journal,<br />

February 25, p. A3.<br />

27. Chartier, John. (2002). “Burger battles.” CNN/Money, http://money.<br />

cnn.com, December 11.<br />

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in 1995.” Harvard Business School Case No. 9-795-113.<br />

29. Labich, K. (1992). “Airbus takes off.” Fortune, June 1, pp. 102–108.<br />

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Wall Street Journal, March 22, p. B1; Cox, M. (1993). “Electronic campus:<br />

Technology threatens to shatter the world of college textbooks.” The<br />

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The instant-new age leaves Time magazine searching for a mission.”<br />

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now the enemy.” The Wall Street Journal, May 6, pp. B1 +.<br />

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32. Jensen, E. (1993). “Tales are oft told as TV talk shows fill up airtime.” The<br />

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Harvard Business School Case No. 9-296-019.<br />

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35. See “Crown Cork and Seal in 1989.” Harvard Business School Case<br />

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Porter, M. E. (1980). Competitive strategy. New York: Free Press.<br />

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Lieberman, M., and C. Montgomery. (1988). “First-mover advantages.”<br />

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and the persistence of monopoly.” American Economic Review, 72(3),<br />

pp. 514–526.<br />

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copier market.” American Economic Review, 85, pp. 15–19, for a discussion<br />

of Xerox’s patents; and Bright, A. A. (1949). The electric lamp industry.<br />

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oil and gas industry; Ghemawat, P. (1986). “Wal-Mart store’s discount<br />

operations.” Harvard Business School Case No. 9-387-018, for Wal-<br />

Mart’s preemption strategy; Schmalansee, R. (1978). “Entry deterrence<br />

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in the breakfast cereal industry. In this latter case, the preempted<br />

valuable asset is shelf space in grocery stores.<br />

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Wernerfelt, B. (1986). “A special case of dynamic pricing policy.”<br />

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6, pp. 691–719; Bond, R. S., and D. F. Lean. (1977). Sales, promotion, and<br />

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U.S. Federal Trade Commission; Montgomery, D. B. (1975). “New<br />

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costs in these industries.<br />

48. Porter, M. E. (1980). Competitive strategy. New York: Free Press.<br />

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company’s stock.” The Wall Street Journal, June 14, p. A1; and Chartier,<br />

J. (2002). “Burger Battles.” CNN/Money, http://money.cnn.com,<br />

December 11. McDonald’s lost money for only one quarter. It has since<br />

repositioned itself with nice upscale fast foods and has returned to<br />

profitability.<br />

50. Descriptions of these product refinements can be found in<br />

Demetrakakes, P. (1994). “Household-chemical makers concentrate on<br />

downsizing.” Packaging, 39(1), p. 41; Reda, S. (1995). “Motor oil:<br />

Hands-on approach.” Stores, 77(5), pp. 48–49; and Quinn, J. (1995).<br />

“KitchenAid.” Incentive, 169(5), pp. 46–47.<br />

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com, December 11.<br />

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process-product life cycles.” Harvard Business Review, March–April,<br />

p. 127.<br />

53. See www.jdpowers.com.<br />

54. See Porter, M. E. (1980). Competitive strategy. New York: Free Press; and<br />

Harrigan, K. R. (1980). Strategies for declining businesses. Lexington,<br />

MA: Lexington Books.<br />

55. See Aguilar, F. J., J. L. Bower, and B. Gomes-Casseres. (1985).<br />

“Restructuring European petrochemicals: Imperial Chemical<br />

Industries, P.L.C.” Harvard Business School Case No. 9-385-203.<br />

56. See Harrigan, K. R. (1980). Strategies for declining businesses. Lexington,<br />

MA: Lexington Books.<br />

57. See Klebnikov, P. (1991). “The powerhouse.” Forbes, September 2,<br />

pp. 46–52; and Rosenbloom, R. S., and C. Christensen. (1990).<br />

“Continuous casting investments at USX corporation.” Harvard<br />

Business School Case No. 9-391-121.<br />

58. Finn, E. A. (1987). “General Eclectic.” Forbes, March 23, pp. 74–80.<br />

59. See Smith, L. (1993). “Can defense pain be turned to gain?” Fortune,<br />

February 8, pp. 84–96; Perry, N. J. (1993). “What’s next for the<br />

defense industry?” Fortune, February 22, pp. 94–100; and Dial, J., and<br />

K. J. Murphy. (1995). “Incentive, downsizing, and value creation at<br />

General Dynamics.” Journal of Financial Economics, 37, pp. 261–314.

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