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<strong>International</strong> <strong>Symposium</strong> on 

Next Generation Lightwave 

Communications 

June 11-13, 2007 

The Chinese University of Hong Kong 

Shatin, Hong Kong 

Lecture Theatre 

William Mong Man Wai Engineering Building 

SPONSORS 

• Center for Advanced Research in Photonics, Faculty of Engineering, CUHK 

• Dept. of Information Engineering (Lightwave Communications Lab.), CUHK 

• Dept. of Electronic Engineering (Optoelectronics Lab.), CUHK 

• Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Hong Kong Poly U 

• Dept. of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hong Kong Poly U 

• Photonics Research Centre, Hong Kong Poly U 

• IEEE LEOS HK Local Chapter 

i

<strong>International</strong> <strong>Symposium</strong> on Next‐Generation Lightwave 


June 11‐13, 2007 

Messages from <strong>Symposium</strong> Chairs 

Over the last 30 years the field of lightwave communications research and 

development has seen dramatic advances worldwide, and has resulted in the 

successful buildup of a global information infrastructure based on long-haul and 

metro telecommunications core networks using advanced optical fiber systems 

and associated lightwave technologies. We are now in the middle of the Great 

Broadband Transformation. This has allowed nearly ubiquitous broadband 

communications across the continents and between many countries in the world, 

all at the speed of light. This has in turn transformed the human civilization and 

empowered the Internet as we know today. 

After all these successful and high-impact accomplishments, it is perhaps time 

now to re-examine the new research directions for future ultra-broadband 

lightwave communications and the needed enabling photonic technologies. 

With this symposium, the goal is to have technical exchanges and networking 

among the leading academic research labs in universities as well as some leading 

industry labs. In this symposium we have several renowned overseas speakers to 

share their research work and insights on the future of research in lightwave 

communications. The symposium focus is more on future systems and networks, 

but new devices and components which may make a significant impact in future 

lightwave systems are also included. One other goal is also to have a closer 

exchange and networking in the field of advanced lightwave communications 

among the regional researchers at key universities and R and D labs in the 

Greater China and Singapore. 

Thank you for attending the <strong>International</strong> <strong>Symposium</strong> on Next-Generation 

Lightwave Communications. This symposium is jointly sponsored by the 

Chinese University of Hong Kong and The Hong Kong Polytechnic University 

(HK PolyU), as well as the Hong Kong local chapter of IEEE LEOS. 

With best wishes, 

Chinlon Lin (<strong>Symposium</strong> Chair), 


Ping-kong Alexander Wai (<strong>Symposium</strong> Co-Chair), 

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University 

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<strong>Symposium</strong> Committee 

Chair: Prof. Chinlon Lin 

Professor of Photonics and Director, 

Center for Advanced Research in Photonics 

Institute of Optical Science and Technology 

Departments of Electronic Eng. and Information Eng. 


Co-Chair: Prof. P.K. Alex Wai 

Dean of Engineering and 

Chair Professor of Optical Communications 

Department of Electronic and information Engineering 


Technical Program Committee 

Chair: Prof. Lian K. Chen 

Professor 

Department of Information Engineering 


Co-Chair: Prof. Calvin C. K. Chan 

Associate Professor 

Department of Information Engineering 


TPC and Organizing Committee Members: 

Prof. Chester C. T. Shu (CUHK) 

Prof. K. T. Chan (CUHK) 

Prof. H. K. Tsang (CUHK) 

Prof. K. W. Cheung (CUHK) 

Prof. Chao Lu (HK Poly U) 

Prof. H. Y. Tam (HK Poly U) 

Prof. Andy Chan (City U) 

Prof. K. S. Chiang (City U) 

Prof. Po. S. Chung (City U) 

Prof. Edwin Pun (City U) 

Prof. Andrew Poon (HKUST) 

Prof. Kenneth Wong (HKU) 

Dr. Pak Chu (LTK/Cotco) 

Dr. Frank Tong (SAE Magnetics) 

iii

<strong>International</strong> <strong>Symposium</strong> on Next Generation of Lightwave Communications (June 11-13, 2007) 


Program Agenda 

June 11, 2007 (Monday) June 12, 2007 (Tuesday) June 13, 2007 (Wednesday) 

8:30 am – 9:00 am Registration 

9:00 am – 9:10 am 

OPENING REMARKS 

Prof. Chinlon Lin 


Session Chair: Prof. Chinlon Lin 


M.1 • 9:10 am – 9:50 am 

Prof. K. Kikuchi 

University of Tokyo, Japan 

Recent Progress in Coherent Optical Communications 

Session Chair: Prof. Alex P. K. Wai 


T.1 • 9:10 am – 9:50 am 

Prof. Klaus Petermann 

Technical University of Berlin, Germany 

Simple Analytic Tools for Optimising Dispersion Maps 

in Optical Fibre Transmission Systems 

Session Chair: Prof. Kam-Tai Chan 


W.1 • 9:10 am – 9:25 am 

Prof. Xiaomin Liu 

Tsinghua University, PRC 

Multi-wavelength Lasing and Cascaded Mode Coupling 

in Optical Fibers 

W.2 • 9:25 am – 9:40 am 

Prof. Hwa-Yaw Tam 


Development of Multiwavelength Fiber Lasers and 

Their Applications 

W.3 • 9:40 am – 9:55 am 

Prof. Lixin Xu 

University of Science and Technology of China 

All-Optical Clock Recovery using Erbium- Doped Fiber 

Laser Incorporating an Electro-Absorption Modulator 

and a Linear Optical Amplifier 

iv


W.4 • 9:55 am – 10:10 am 

Prof. Xinliang Zhang 

M.2 • 9:50 am – 10:30 am 

Prof. Ian White 

University of Cambridge, UK 

Future Directions in Multimode Fibre System Research 

Session Chair: Prof. Chinlon Lin 


M.3 • 11:00 am – 11:40 am 

Dr. S. Chandrasekhar 

Bell Labs. Alcatel-Lucent, USA 

Next Generation Optical Networks – Evolution Towards 

Optically Transparent Mesh 

T.2 • 9:50 am – 10:30 am 

Prof. Paul Prucnal 

Princeton University, USA 

Ultrafast Optical Technologies for Optical CDMA and 

Network Security 

COFFEE BREAK (10:40 am - 11:00 am) 

Session Chair: Prof. Alex P. K. Wai 


T.3 • 11:00 am – 11:40 am 

Dr. N. Wada 

National Inst. of Information & Comm. 

Technology, Japan 

Optical Code-Label Processing and Its Applications to 

Optical Packet Switching and Optical Code-Division 

Multiple Access Systems 

Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PRC 

All-Optical Signal Processing with Tunable Filters and 

Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers 

W.5 • 10:10 am – 10:25 am 

Prof. Yikai Su 

Shanghai Jiao Tong University, PRC 

System Performances of Slow Lights in Silicon Nano- 

Waveguide and Fiber Parametric Amplifier 

W.6 • 10:25 am – 10:40 am 

Prof. Kenneth Wong 

The University of Hong Kong 

Recent Advances in Fiber Optical Parametric 

Amplifiers 

Session Chair: Prof. Hon K. Tsang 


W.7 • 11:00 am – 11:15 am 

Prof. Chao Lu 


Implementation and Performance of Optical Minimum- 

Shift Keying 

W.8 • 11:15 am – 11:30 am 

Prof. Hidenori Taga 

National Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan 

Numerical Study of APSK Format and Its Improvement 

by Zero-Nulling Method 

v


M.4 • 11:40 am – 12:20 pm 

Prof. A. M. Ton Koonen 

Technical University of Eindhoven, The 

Netherlands 

Advanced Techniques for Versatile Optical Access and In- 

Building Networks 

Session Chair: Prof. Lian K. Chen 


M.5 • 2:00 pm – 2:15 pm 

Prof. Shizhong Xie 


Photonic Generation of Millimeter Wave Signals for Radio 

over Fiber Systems 

M.6 • 2:15 pm – 2:30 pm 

Prof. Hai-Han Lu 

National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan 

Radio-on-Fiber Transport Systems 

T.4 • 11:40 am – 12:20 pm 

Prof. Karsten Rottwitt 

Technical University of Denmark, Denmark 

Recent Advances in Optical Fiber Raman and 

Parametric Amplifiers 

LUNCH (12:30 pm – 2:00 pm) 

Session Chair: Prof. H. Y. Tam 

The Polytechnic University of Hong Kong 

T.5 • 2:00 pm – 2:15 pm 

Prof. Sheng-Lung Huang 

National Taiwan University, Taiwan 

Broadband Light Source from Chromium Doped Fibers 

T.6 • 2:15 pm – 2:30 pm 

Prof. Edwin Pun 

City University of Hong Kong 

Rare Earth Doped Photonic Devices 

W.9 • 11:30 am – 11:45 am 

Prof. Gong-Ru Lin 


All-Optical NRZ-to-RZ Data Format Conversion and 

Decision Gating Based on Semiconductor Optical 

Amplifier 

W.10 • 11:45 am – 12:00 pm 

Prof. Chester Shu 


Nonlinear Optical Processing Of DPSK Communication 

Signals 

W.11 • 12:00 pm – 12:15 pm 

Prof. Jason Chen 

National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan 

Convergence of Phase Noise in DPSK Transmission 

Systems by Novel Phase Noise Averagers 

12:15 pm – 12:30 pm 

CLOSING REMARKS 

2:00 pm – 3:30 pm 

LAB VISITS 

(1) Lightwave Communications Laboratory, CUHK 

(2) Optoelectronics Laboratory, CUHK 

(3) Solid-State Laboratory, CUHK 

vi


M.7 • 2:30 pm – 2:45 pm 

T.7 • 2:30 pm – 2:45 pm 

2:00 pm – 3:30 pm 

Prof. Yuefeng Ji 

Prof. Limin Tong 

LAB VISITS (see above) 

Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, PRC 

Investigation of Key Technologies for Optical Internet 

M.8 • 2:45 pm – 3:00 pm 

Prof. Xiaoping Zheng 


Technologies of Large-Scale Hierarchical Optical Networks 

M.9 • 3:00 pm – 3:15 pm 

Prof. Wende Zhong 

Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 

Design and Optimization of Survivable WDM Networks 

M.10 • 3:15 pm – 3:30 pm 

Prof. Calvin C. K. Chan 


Design of Multiwavelength Access Networks 

M.11 • 3:30 pm – 3:45 pm 

Dr. Jianli Wang 

FiberHome Technologies Group (WRI), PRC 

FiberHome’s R&D Achievements In Optical Communications 

M.12 • 3:45 pm – 4:00 pm 

Prof. Ping Shum, Perry 

Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Lightwave Technology 

Zhejiang University, PRC 

Micro- or Nano-fibers for Photonic Applications 

T.8 • 2:45 pm – 3:00 pm 

Prof. Hon K. Tsang 


Ion-Implanted Silicon Waveguides and Their Applications in 

Lightwave Communications 

T.9 • 3:00 pm – 3:15 pm 

Prof. Jian-Jun He 


Integrated Photonic Devices for Optical Communications 

T.10 • 3:15 pm – 3:30 pm 

Prof. Andrew Poon 

The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 

Silicon Microresonator Devices 

T.11 • 3:30 pm – 3:45 pm 

Prof. Kin-Seng Chiang 


Long-Period Grating Couplers 

T.12 • 3:45 pm – 4:00 pm 

Prof. Yinchieh Lai 

National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan 

in Singapore and NTRC (Components, Systems and Networks) Optical Communication Researches at NCTU 

COFFEE BREAK (4:00 pm - 4:30 pm) 

vii


Session Chair: Prof. Calvin C. K. Chan 

Session Chair: Prof. Chester T. Shu 

4:00 pm – 5:30 pm 



Visit to Hong Kong Science and Technology Park 

(HKSTP, near CUHK) 

M.13 • 4:30 pm – 4:45 pm 

Prof. San-Liang Lee 

National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 

Taiwan 

Simple Approaches for Performance Enhancement on WDM- 

PONs with DMLs and RSOAs 

M.14 • 4:45 pm – 5:00 pm 

Prof. Anshi Xu 

Peking University, PRC 

Introduction of the State Key Laboratory of 

Advanced Optical Communication Systems & Networks 

M.15 • 5:00 pm – 5:15 pm 

Prof. Lian K Chen 


Optical Performance Monitoring and Optimization of 

Network Diagnosis 

T.13 • 4:30 pm – 4:45 pm 

Prof. Kai-Ming Feng 

National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan 

Enabling Bi-directional Traffic by Using a Novel Four- 

Port Optical Interleaver 

T.14 • 4:45 pm – 5:00 pm 

Dr. Chi-Wai Chow 

University College Cork, Ireland 

Novel Optical Modulation Formats for 100 Gbit/s Ethernet 

T.15 • 5:00 pm – 5:15 pm 

Prof. Andy Chan 


Polymer based Photonic Devices: Materials, Fabrication, 

Packaging and Reliability 

M.16 • 5:15 pm – 5:30 pm 

Prof. Alex P. K. Wai 

The Polytechnic University of Hong Kong 

All-Optical Packet Switching using Fabry-Perot Laser Diodes 

5:30 pm–6:15 pm PANEL DISCUSSION ON 

Next-Generation Lightwave Systems and Networks 

Moderator: Prof. Paul Prucnal, 

Princeton University 

T.16 • 5:15 pm – 5:30 pm 

Prof. Weisheng Hu 


Photonics Research in Our State Key Lab 

5:30 pm – 6:15 pm PANEL DISCUSSION ON 

Photonic Devices and Subsystems for Next-Generation 

Lightwave Communications 

Moderator: Prof. Kin-Seng Chiang, 


6:00pm – 8:00 pm 

BANQUET 

(Chinese Restaurant “HAPPY Cuisine”, in HKSTP) 

6:30 pm – 8:30 pm DINNER (CUHK) 8:00 pm Shuttle bus to TST for sightseeing 

viii

M. 1 

Recent Progress in Coherent Optical Communications 

Kazuro KIKUCHI 

University of Tokyo, Japan 

5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan, Email: kikuchi@ginjo.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp 

ABSTRACT 

Recently, with the advent of high-capacity WDM transmission technologies, the spectral efficiency 

has become one of the main concerns of researchers. The coherent optical communication has 

attracted much attention again, because it can improve the spectral efficiency by the use of the multilevel 

optical modulation format. 

Our group has recently demonstrated a phase-diversity homodyne receiver that can restore the full 

information on the optical complex amplitude. In this receiver, the carrier phase is recovered after 

homodyne detection by means of digital signal processing (DSP). While an optical phase-locked loop 

(PLL) that locks the LO phase to the signal phase is still difficult to achieve, DSP circuits are 

becoming increasingly faster and provide us with simple and efficient means for estimating the carrier 

phase. 

The coherent receiver can demodulate any kind of multi-level modulation formats, because we can 

restore both the in-phase and quadrature (IQ) components of the optical complex amplitude. While the 

spectral efficiency of binary modulation formats is limited to 1 bit/s/Hz/polarization, which is called 

the Nyquist limit, modulation formats with M bits of information per symbol can achieve the spectral 

efficiency of M bit/s/Hz/polarization. 

Another and probably more important advantage of the coherent receiver is the post signalprocessing 

function. The IQ demodulation by our receiver is the entirely linear process; therefore, 

conventional signal processing functions acting on the optical carrier, such as optical filtering and 

dispersion compensation, can be performed at the electrical stage after detection. 

My presentation will review recent progress in the coherent optical communication, especially 

focusing on the multi-level modulation scheme and various post-processing functions. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Kazuro Kikuchi was born in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, on March 6, 1952. 

He received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering and the M.S. and Ph.D. 

degrees in electronic engineering from the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 

Japan, in 1974, 1976, and 1979, respectively. In 1979, he joined the 

Department of Electronic Engineering at the University of Tokyo. In 1997, 

he moved to the Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology 

(RCAST), and since April 2007, he has been a professor at the Department 

of Frontier Informatics. 

He was a consultant at Bellcore in the United States in 1986–1987 on 

leave of absence from the University of Tokyo. Since 2002, he has been a 

board member of Alnair Laboratories Corporation. 

His work has been on the optical communication system. He is currently involved in all-optical 

signal processing devices and their applications to ultrafast optical communication systems. He is also 

interested in coherent optical communication systems that realize multi-level modulation formats with 

high spectral efficiency. 

Dr. Kikuchi is a Member of the IEEE LEOS, the Optical Society of America (OSA) and the 

Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers (IEICE) of Japan. 

1

M. 2 

Future Directions in Multimode Fibre System Research 

Ian H WHITE, Jon D. INGHAM, Michael CRISP and Richard V. PENTY 

University of Cambridge, UK 

9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK, Email: ihw3@cam.ac.uk 

ABSTRACT 

Despite its maturity and the enhanced performance of single mode fiber systems, multimode optical 

fiber continues to be the dominant optical transmission medium for in-building optical links, and it 

continues to be used for the majority of in-building installations. Because of this dominance, newer 

applications, such as for the distribution of wireless signals to antennas, have also been pursued. These 

systems have accrued much interest, as the growth in high-bandwidth radio services, using for 

example 3G, WLAN, WiMAX and UWB systems, has led to a need for a network infrastructure able 

to transmit RF signals between base stations and antennas. 

The new range of applications is, however, being increasingly limited by the inherent multimode 

optical fiber bandwidth and hence a range of new technologies have been introduced to enhance 

capacity. These have included restricting the optical launch, electronic dispersion compensation, 

subcarrier multiplexing and indeed wavelength division multiplexing. As systems are required to 

operate closer to the fiber capacity limit however, the availability of accurate statistical models, which 

can readily be used for design, becomes more important. 

In this paper, therefore, we report a study of the capacity limits of multimode optical fibre, 

reviewing to what extent advanced transmission techniques can be used to enhance performance. 

Options for link performance at channel rates in excess of 10 Gb/s will be reviewed, for both local 

area and storage area networks. Finally, the extension of such systems for RF applications will be 

considered. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Prof. Ian White is currently van Eck Professor of Engineering, Chair of the 

Council, School of Technology and Head of the Photonic Research Group in 

the Engineering Department at the University of Cambridge. He gained his 

B.A. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Cambridge, England, in 1980 

and 1984. He then was appointed a research fellow and assistant lecturer at the 

University of Cambridge before moving to become Professor of Physics at the 

University of Bath in 1990. In 1996 he moved to the University of Bristol, 

becoming Head of the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering in 

1998, before returning to the University of Cambridge in October 2001. 

Ian White has built up a substantial research activity in the field of 

optoelectronics and optical communications and his team numbers 

approximately 40 people publishing on average 60 papers a year. Highlights of 

Ian’s research have included: the first negative chirp electro-absorption modulator and the invention of 

a technique for transmitting radio frequency signals over long distances of multimode optical fibre. 

Several of these advances have already made commercial impact, the offset launch technique for 

enhancing the bandwidth of optical fibre links having been adopted within Gigabit Ethernet standard, 

and a technique for the polarization pinning of VCSELs having been employed in laser optical mice. 

He has chaired the channel model sub-task force of the IEEE 10 GbE LRM standard. The Institution 

of Electrical Engineers has awarded him the Blumlein-Browne-Willans Prize and the Ambrose 

Fleming Premium Award. Ian is currently an editor-in-chief of Electronics Letters and is also a cofounder 

of ZinWave. 

2

M. 3 

Next Generation Optical Networks – Evolution Towards Optically 

Transparent Mesh 

S. CHANDRASEKHAR 

Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent, USA 

791 Holmdel-Keyport Road, Holmdel, NJ 07733, USA. Email: sc@alcatel-lucent.com 

ABSTRACT 

Today’s dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) transmission systems are typically either 

point-to-point links or linear ring networks with reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers 

(ROADMs). As the networks evolve and traffic demands grow, the ring networks are slowing 

evolving into multiple interconnected rings, called Mesh networks. Key enablers for such mesh 

networks are multi-degree ROADMs, constructed from wavelength selective switches (WSS), a multifunctional 

network element that enables wavelength routing, equalizing, and local channel add/drop. 

There are several challenges in the implementation of optically transparent mesh networks and this 

talk will address them in some detail. Unlike rings and point-to-point networks, here the channels 

could potentially traverse diverse outside fiber plants, would encounter neighboring channels who may 

have accumulated a different history, and undergo successive optical filtering at the multi-degree 

ROADM nodes. In addition, the dispersion map has to be appropriately designed to allow for such 

diverse routing to enable the longest system reach. The variable channel loading on the optical 

amplifiers in mesh networks may result in certain types of transients and channel tilt not normally seen. 

We will also briefly describe experimental techniques that can sample some of the attributes seen 

in transparent mesh networks. Since such networks are typically very hardware intensive, innovations 

in experimental setups that can emulate typical mesh scenarios would be the key differentiators. 

BIOGRAPHY 

S. Chandrasekhar was born in Tiruchirapalli, India, on January 26, 1952. He 

received the B.Sc., M.Sc., and Ph.D. degrees in physics from the University of 

Bombay, Bombay, India, in 1973, 1975, and 1985, respectively. 

He was at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bombay, India, 

from 1975 to 1985 and at AT&T Bell Laboratories (later called Lucent 

Technologies, Bell Laboratories, and now called Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent), 

Crawford Hill Laboratory, Holmdel, NJ, from 1986 to the present. He worked 

on compound semiconductor devices and high-speed optoelectronic integrated 

circuits (OEIC's). Since January 1999, he has been responsible for forward 

looking research in DWDM Optical Networking. His current interests include 40Gb/s transport and 

networking, modulation formats, and electronic signal processing at the receiver. 

He is a DMTS at Bell Labs, a Fellow of the IEEE, a member of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics 

Society, and an Associate Editor of IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. He has been member of the 

technical program committees of the IEDM, the DRC, and the OFC conferences. He holds fourteen 

US patents. He was awarded the IEEE LEOS Engineering Achievement for 2000 and the OSA 

Engineering Excellence Award for 2004 for his contributions to OEICs and WDM systems research. 

3

M. 4 

Advanced Techniques for Versatile Optical Access and In-Building 

Networks 

Ton KOONEN, Maria Garcia LARRODE, Jia YANG, Anthony NG’OMA, Gert-Jan RIJCKENBERG, 

Patryk URBAN, Hejie YANG, Henrie van den BOOM, Huug de WAARDT 

Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands 

P.O. Box 513, NL 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, Email: a.m.j.koonen@tue.nl 

ABSTRACT 

Fibre-to-the-Home is being introduced at increasing pace in many countries. Often, the fibre 

infrastructure is laid out in a point-to-point topology, which enables easy upgrading per user but also 

entails much effort on fibre installation. Alternatively, FTTH networks use a point-to-multipoint PON 

topology, which reduces fibre installation efforts but requires more sophisticated terminal equipment. 

In particular when growing to larger numbers of users connected, an FTTH PON access network may 

be operated more efficiently by introducing an optical level of flexibility. Wavelength routing 

techniques provide the means to allocate capacity at the users according to their actual needs, so that 

the network resources are more efficiently deployed. The multiple wavelength channels can also be 

used to host several service providers independently on the same network infrastructure. Next to 

application in access networks providing wired services, the optical routing is promising for improving 

the performance of fibre-wireless access networks, such as fixed wireless access networks based on 

radio-over-fibre techniques. Flexible access networks deploying wavelength routing and at the user 

site colourless optical network units are being investigated. Having reached the doorstep of buildings, 

the next step is to introduce optical fibre inside homes, office buildings, hospitals, etc. As cost aspects 

have even more weight there than in access, and link lengths are considerably smaller, easy-to-install 

fibre types such as multimode silica or polymer optical fibre (POF) are quite attractive. The inbuilding 

fibre network should be able to host several types of services in a single infrastructure. Hence, 

it should be able to carry multiple types of signals with widely ranging characteristics, such as those 

for delivering gigabit Ethernet data and high-bandwidth video signals to fixed-wired terminals, as well 

as those for serving high-capacity wireless terminals. The multimode nature of these fibres seriously 

limits their bandwidth. More comprehensive signal modulation formats such as quadrature amplitude 

modulation are studied for achieving high throughput on large-core step-index POF links. Taking 

advantage of the multimode nature, mode group diversity multiplexing techniques are studied in order 

to create independent communication channels in parallel. And to host high-capacity wireless services 

on the multimode fibre network, we are continuing our studies on optical frequency multiplying as a 

robust and efficient technique for transporting radio over multimode fibre. In the presentation, recent 

achievements at the COBRA Institute in above-mentioned research activities in access networks as 

well as in in-building networks will be presented. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Ton Koonen worked for more than 20 years at Bell Labs in Lucent 

Technologies as a member of technical staff and as a technical manager of 

applied research. He is a Bell Labs Fellow (the first one in Europe) since 

1999, and an IEEE Fellow since 2007. Next to his industrial position, he has 

been a part-time professor in photonic networks at Twente University from 

1991 to 2000. Since 2001, he is a full professor in the Electro-Optical 

Communication Systems group, a partner of the COBRA Institute, at 

Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands. In 2004, he became 

the chairman of this group. His main interests are currently in broadband fibre 

access and in-building networks, and in optical packet-switched networks. He 

has initiated and led several European and national R&D projects in this area, 

a.o. on label-controlled optical packet routed networks (the EC project STOLAS), on dynamically 

reconfigurable hybrid fibre access networks (fibre-coax, fibre-wireless), and on short-range multimode 

(polymer) optical fibre networks for in-building applications. Presently, he is involved in a number of 

access/in-home projects in the Dutch Freeband programme, in the Dutch IOP Generieke 

Communicatie programme, and in the European FP6 IST Broadband for All programme (MUSE, 

e-Photon/ONe+, POF-ALL). 

4

M. 5 

Photonic Generation of Millimeter Wave Signals for Radio Over Fiber 

Systems 

Shizhong XIE 


Email: xsz-dee@tsinghua.edu.cn 

ABSTRACT 

In this paper, research activities at Tsinghua University to achieve stable generation of millimeterwave 

signals to be used in the radio-over-fiber (ROF) system are introduced. Distribution of 

millimeter wave signals over optical fiber has attracted much attention in resent years. In a ROF 

system, one of the key techniques is to generate and distribute millimeter-wave signals in optical 

domain, which can be used at a base station either serve as a radio frequency carrier for downlink 

transmission or as local oscillator signals for uplink transmission. Several techniques have been 

proposed to generate stable millimeter-wave signals at around 40-60GHz using optical method. These 

techniques include methods using optical phase locking, optical injection locking, direct beating of a 

dual-wavelength laser at a photodetector and external modulation. 

Among these methods, all-fiber dual-wavelength distributed feedback (DFB) fiber lasers are 

promising because of their compact size, narrow linewidth and single-longitude mode operation. 

However, like other fiber lasers, the stability of this kind of fiber lasers suffer from the mode 

competition caused by the homogeneous broadening of the gain medium, i.e. erbium doped fiber. To 

solve this problem, we proposed a novel dual wavelength DFB fiber laser, in which the peak power 

positions of the two lasing modes are spatially separated. In addition, a novel fabrication method is 

developed to realize this structure simply. A stable dual-wavelength DFB fiber laser oscillating with a 

wavelength interval 0.312nm is implemented, and a microwave signal at 38.6955GHz is obtained with 

output power of 800µW and 3-dB bandwidth

M. 6 

Radio-on-Fiber Transport Systems 

Hai-Han LU 

National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan 

Email: hhlu@ntut.edu.tw 

ABSTRACT 

Besides analog and digital CATV signals, subcarrier multiplexed (SCM) lightwave transport systems 

can be used to transport microwave signals. The advantage of using optical fiber link to transmit 

microwave signals is that the optical transceivers can transport microwave signals over a long distance 

with high fidelity. Typical wireless network installations are governed by the limitations of the RF 

cable, it can only extend up to a few kilometers from a central station (CS) to a base station (BS) before 

losing its transmission capabilities. Radio-on-fiber (ROF) transport systems, on the other hand, can 

transmit over distances of up to tens of kilometers. Optical amplifier plays an important role in a longhaul 

lightwave transport system, the use of semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) as an optical 

amplifier is very attractive since it can potentially be used to help upgrade fiber penetration for those 

1.3 µm series optical transmitters in use today. The reduction of third order intermodulation distortion 

(IMD 3 ) is one of the problems to be solved to construct the high quality ROF transport systems. In this 

talk, we demonstrate a ROF transport system employing SOA with light injection technique. Low third 

order intermodulation distortion to carrier ratio (IMD 3 /C) values and high spurious-free dynamic range 

(SFDR) values were obtained in our proposed ROF transport systems over an 80-km SMF transport. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Hai-Han Lu received Ph.D. degree in the Institute of Optical Sciences of the 

National Central University, Taiwan, in 2000 (1997~2000). He joined the 

Department/Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei 

University of Technology, as an Associate Professor in 2001. He has become 

a full Professor in 2003, and become Department Chairman in 2005 

(2005/8~2008/7). His current research interests include the applications of 

lightwave communication, radio-on-fiber (ROF) transport systems and 

WDM-PON. He has published more than 80 papers on SCI Journal/Letters 

in recent five years, including IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE 

Transactions on Communications, IEEE Communications Letters, Optics 

Express, Optics Communications, Optical Engineering et. al. 

6

M. 7 

Investigation of Key Technologies for Optical Internet 

Yuefeng JI 

Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, PRC 

Email: jyf@bupt.edu.cn 

ABSTRACT 

It has become evident that a great of customized services, computing grids, photonic multicast, 

OVPNs, ASON and new kinds of service require the increase of bandwidth, the intelligence of optical 

network, the dynamic management of resource and dedicated control technologies. Optical Internet 

evolves as the candidate to satisfy the surging services with the flexibility and scalability where the 

networking layer connections are based on dynamic optical channels by using the optical fiber 

carrying multi-wavelength connected directly to the high performance router. In essence an optical 

Internet "de-layers" the complexity of many layers of today's telecommunication networks and allows 

IP network traffic to be optimized for maximum throughput and speed. 

The research work by Optical Internet Laboratory (OILab) in BUPT mainly pursues the goal of 

convergence of IP and optical layers or IP over WDM in recent years. The key technologies focuses on 

the fields of IP-based service, intelligence of optical network, control and management of network, 

new kind of optical transmission and switching, etc.. 

The scope of researches in OILab has covered six most essential aspects. (1) The next generation 

optical network technologies which covers the research on the architecture and model of optical 

internet, large-scale hierarchical intelligent optical network, middleware of photonic grid, distributed 

resource control and management which is introduced into optical network to provide broadband 

services dynamically. (2) The research of service and broadband access technologies which consists of 

the intelligence and survivability of optical access network, IP-based multimedia service and network 

security and evaluation. (3) The research focuses on optical transmission and switching technologies 

which includes switching technologies, dynamic adaptation technologies, optical Ethernet control and 

management, optical switching of intelligent awareness. (4) The optimization and design for transport 

network which puts emphasis on the ASON planning and modeling system, SDH network design and 

programmable optical network. (5) The theory research of photonics which consists of the photonic 

crystals and photonic devices. (6) The network convergence and related technologies focuses on the 

convergence between wireless and optical technologies, networks coding, optical sensor and photonic 

computing. 

At present, OILab has obtained some achievements in new principle, new algorithm, new 

technology, new test-bed in the field of optical internet. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Yuefeng Ji, Ph. D., graduated from Beijing University of Posts & 

Telecommunications (BUPT), P. R. China. Now he is a professor / the director of 

Optical Internet Laboratory (OILab), the vice dean of the School of Telecom. 

Engineering of BUPT, the vise president of the academic committee of Key 

Laboratory of OCLT of MOE, P. R. China, etc.. His research interests are primarily 

in the areas of broadband optical networks and modern telecom. Technologies, 

with emphasis on key theory, realization of technology, and applications. He has 

been responsible for more than 20 national and international projects, obtained or 

applied more than 30 patents, published more than 200 papers and 10 books, and 

won more than 30 awards for his contributions in the field of science, technology and education. 

7

M. 8 

Technologies of Large-Scale Hierarchical Optical Networks 

Xiaoping ZHENG and Hanyi ZHANG 


Email: xpzheng@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn 

ABSTRACT 

Internet and its related applications and services have caused the bandwidth of transport network to 

increase dramatically. In China the growth rate is more than 200% year by year from 2000, It is 

predicted by China Telecom that the throughput of each core node in big cities of China will reach to 

3~5Tbit/s by 2010. Moreover, the optical transport network (OTN) is required to be more intelligent in 

order to provide bandwidth on demand, traffic engineering, perfect protection and restoration, 

interoperability and scalability, and so on. 

As far as interoperability and scalability are concerned, the number of optical nodes can reach to 

thousands or more, which brings about problems for the optical network’s intelligence. Firstly, 

Messages increase with node number, and so does the blocking probability of signalling network; 

Secondly, when the networks’ scale becomes large enough, the signalling distribution delay may cause 

a big problem for both real-time dynamic services and fast restoration due to the use of the serial 

signalling distribution method. 

Recently, we started with the hierarchical routing for the large-scale optical networks, and extended 

the results to the realization of the intelligence of large-scale hierarchical optical networks. In this talk, 

a parallel signalling, an aggregation algorithm, an inter-domain routing algorithm and a restoration 

strategy for large-scale hierarchical optical networks are presented and analyzed. The potential of 

proposed technologies is tested on the platform of a large-scale automatically switched optical 

network which was built up by Tsinghua University under the support of National High Technology 

Project (863). The platform is composed of 243 emulation and simulation nodes, and is based on 

GMPLS. The topology of optical networks is chosen arbitrarily. The detailed experiment results show 

the promising future of the technologies motioned above. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Dr. Zheng, was born in Jiangsu, on Aug. 06 1965. He received his B.S.degree in 

Zhongshan University in 1986, M.S. degree in Southeast University in 1994, 

and Ph.D in Tsinghua University in 1998. From 1998 on, He has been working 

with the Dept. of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University. 

His research activities are mainly focused on automatically switched optical 

networks (ASON) and wireless over optical network. He was awarded 4 prizes 

by the Chinese Governmental Ministries for his scientific contributions and 

invention achievements, authored and co-authored more than 70 papers and had 

5 patents, and 5 proposals were adopted by ITU-T G.15. He is the standing 

director of Beijing Society of Optics, and was the member of the Expert-Group 

who was responsible for the drafting strategic program of High Performance 

Wide-Band Communication Network during the 10th-five year plan of China. 

8

M. 9 

Design and Optimization of Survivable WDM Networks 

Wen-De ZHONG 

Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 

Email: ewdzhong@ntu.edu.sg 

ABSTRACT 

This talk gives a brief overview of our recent activities in research and development of next generation 

optical networks, including network performance monitoring, traffic grooming in IP/MPLS over 

WDM networks, and network protection and restoration approaches. In particular, the talk is focused 

on our recent work in design and optimization of survivable WDM networks. Network service outage 

causes tremendous revenue loss and service disruption for both unicast and multicast traffic. 

Particularly, multicast traffic suffers more in network failures than unicast traffic does, since a link in a 

multicast tree might carry traffic to many destinations. Hence, network survivability is crucial to 

provisioning of multicast sessions in optical WDM networks. The method of pre-configured 

protection cycles (p-cycles) is very attractive for design of survivable WDM networks. This is because 

the p-cycle method offers fast speed in protection switching like SDH/SONET rings, and flexibility in 

routing and high efficiency in resource utilization like mesh networks. So far the p-cycle method has 

been extensively studied for protection provisioning of unicast traffic, but has rarely been applied to 

multicast traffic. This talk will discuss several approaches we recently proposed for protection 

provisioning of both unicast and multicast traffic in optical WDM networks. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Dr Wen-De Zhong is an associate professor with School of Electrical and 

Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore. 

He received his Ph.D degree from the University of Electro-Communications, 

Tokyo in 1993. During 1993-1995, he was employed as a post-doctoral fellow at 

NTT Network Service Systems Laboratories, Japan, where he worked on design 

and analysis of photonic packet switching systems. During 1995 - 2000, he was a 

senior research fellow at Australian Photonics Cooperative Research Centre, 

Photonics Research Laboratory in the University of Melbourne, where he worked 

on optical networks and photonic packet switching. He joined NTU in 2000. 

Since then, he has been leading a team working on optical WDM networks and 

systems. He has published more than 100 refereed journal and conference papers and has given 

several invited presentations at international conferences. He has served on organizing and/or 

technical program committee for numerous international conferences. His research interests include 

optical systems and networks, optical channel monitoring, IP over WDM networks, network 

protection and restoration, and photonic packet switching. 

9

M. 10 

Design of Multiwavelength Access Networks 

Chun-Kit CHAN, Lian-Kuan CHEN and Chinlon LIN 

The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 

Email: ckchan@ie.cuhk.edu.hk 

ABSTRACT 

TDM-PON systems such as BPON and GPON are being deployed in current generation FTTH/FTTP 

access networks for providing broadband access offering triple play services including video, data and 

voice. In the near future, it is in general agreed that WDM based access networks will be enabling the 

next-generation optical broadband access. WDM-PON is promising to enhance the penetration of 

WDM technology in the optical access networks and enable the delivery of higher capacity services to 

the subscribers. Each optical network unit (ONU) will be served by a dedicated set of wavelength 

channels to communicate with the central office or the optical line-terminal (OLT). The ranging 

problem in conventional time-shared optical access networks can also be eliminated since all upstream 

wavelengths will be multiplexed at the remote node (RN) without any signal collision. Each ONU can 

enjoy a dedicated bandwidth, which can be readily scalable according to the need of the individual 

ONU. These further enhance the system capacity and access network upgrade flexibility. 

Among the many research topics of WDM-PON, there are several key issues of current research 

interest: (1) developing the WDM-PON protection architectures for traffic restoration schemes, thus 

enahcing the network availability; (2) studies of WDM-PON architectures with a “colorless” (nonwavelength-specific) 

and “sourceless” ONU design, probably with centralized light source for 

downstream distribution at ONU for re-modulation and upstream transmission; and (3) providing 

inter-ONU communications in the optical layer; and (4) WDM- PONs with dedicated and broadcast 

bandwidth and with a smooth migration path and upgrade flexibility from the current generation 

TDM-PON. These issues aim to enhance the networking functionalities of WDM-PONs and to enable 

lower cost installation, operation and maintenance. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Chun-Kit CHAN received the B.Eng., M.Phil., and Ph.D. degrees from The 

Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, all in information engineering. In 

1997, he joined the Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of 

Hong Kong, as a Research Assistant Professor. In 1999, he joined Bell 

Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Holmdel, NJ, as a Member of Technical Staff, 

where he worked on control of widely tunable semiconductor lasers and 

realization of an optical packet switch fabric with terabit-per-second capacity. In 

August 2001, he joined the Department of Information Engineering, CUHK, 

where he is currently an Associate Professor. He has served as the member of the 

technical program committee for OFC/NFOEC from 2005-2007 and a number of other international 

conferences. Currently, he serves as an Associate Editor of OSA Journal of Optical Networking. He 

has published more than 150 technical papers in refereed international journals and conference 

proceedings and holds one issued U.S. patent. His main research interests include optical access 

networks, optical packet switching, and optical performance monitoring. 

10

M. 11 

Fiberhome’s R&D achievements in optical communications 

Jianli WANG 

FiberHome Technologies Group (WRI), PRC 

Email: jianli.wang@wri.com.cn 

ABSTRACT 

In this talk, Fiberhome’s latest achievements in R&D of optical communications will be presented and 

the future plans will be introduced. First, the latest achievements on the system side will be presented, 

which include commercial 40Gbps SDH system, commercial 80x40Gbps DWDM system, commercial 

160x10Gbps ultra long haul system, and commercial GEPON system. 40Gbps SDH system was 

funded by Chinese government. It started in 2002 and completed in 2004. The system has been 

deployed for a field trial network with a successful support for a number of services and applications 

including traditional POTs, web surfing, VOD, IP video phone and video conference. The main 

features of the system include crossing capacity of 320Gbps, NRZ code, G.652b fiber, with both MZ 

and EA modulation, combined EDFA and DRA amplification mechanism. 80x40Gbps WDM system 

was also a Chinese government funded high-tech project. It started in 2003 and completed in 2005. It 

uses L + C band, NRZ + FEC, combined EDFA and DRA amplification mechanism, and dynamic 

PMD compensation. The system has been successfully deployed in a commercial network for 120km. 

160x10Gbps ULH WDM system is another government funded project. It uses G.652 fiber at C+L 

band for transmission of 3040km without OEO amplification. The system used in a commercial 

deployment for 1000km. Fiberhome’s GEPON has been deployed in many China’s FTTH networks. 

One GEPON system consists of 32 ONUs that can dynamically share the 1Gbps upstream bandwidth. 

Fiberhome’s ASON and new generation MSTP will also be described. In additional to those progress 

made in optical systems, new achievements in optical components and devices will also be introduced, 

including 10G XFP, 10G VSR SFP, 10G tuneable-laser SFF, OLP, variable power splitter, 

bidirectional smart EDFA, variable gain amplifier, flat top athermal AWG, etc. At the end of this talk, 

some on-going and planned R&D projects will be described. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Dr. Jianli Wang is a deputy CTO of FiberHome Technologies Group (also known 

as WRI) and director of the Network Research Department of WRI since 2003, 

where he is leading a team responsible for WRI’s technology directions and highlevel 

product strategy. He has more than 20 years professional experience in 

research and development of optical communications, data communications and 

switching technologies. His earlier professional experience includes senior 

architect and signaling product development director with SS8 Networks, 

architect and senior developer with Nortel Networks, and research fellow with 

Queens University in Canada and Tsinghua University in China. 

11

M. 12 

Lightwave Technology in Singapore and NTRC (Components, Systems and 

Networks) 

Perry Ping SHUM 

Network Technology Research Centre, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 

E-mail: epshum@ntu.edu.sg 

ABSTRACT 

Photonics is the technology of generating, detecting and manipulating light. It has been termed the 

revolutionary technology of the 21st century that would make as huge an impact as electronics did in 

the 20th century. The industry is constantly changing and developing new sophisticated applications 

and capabilities to support the next generation Internet and high-speed wireless connectivity. Its area 

of influence has expanded and advanced to the frontiers of science and industrial processes in a wide 

spectrum of industries. This includes some of today's most dynamic, high-growth markets, including 

genomes and proteomics research as well as telecommunications. The global value of the optics and 

photonics industries is estimated to be worth S$620 billion, and expected to increase to reach S$1.6 

trillion by 2015 

Singapore has the right conditions and environment for emerging industries such as photonics. 

With an established science and technology infrastructure, skilled human resources and a thriving 

venture capital community, Singapore is the ideal place for new research activities as well as the 

commercialisation of innovations. Singapore is also the home to over 7,000 multinational corporations 

(MNCs) and 100,000 small-and-medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), many with advanced 

manufacturing facilities, design and headquarters. This pool of companies provides the right 

environment for photonics-related companies to engage new partners and address markets. 

The future ahead for the photonics sector is bright and vibrant with the influx of more investments, 

and growth of the research expertise and community. 

BIOGRAPHY 

P. Shum received the B. Eng. and PhD degrees in electronic and electrical 

engineering from of the University of Birmingham, UK, in 1991 and 1995, 

respectively. After PhD graduation, he stayed in the same university as an 

honorary postdoctoral research fellow. In 1996, he carried out research in 

semiconductor laser and high speed optical laser communication in the 

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Hong Kong 

University, as a visiting research fellow. Since July 1997, Dr. P. Shum 

joined the Department of Electronic Engineering, Optoelectronics Research 

Centre, City University of Hong Kong. In 1998, he has received the IEEE 

EDS/MTTS India Chapter best paper award for his paper in Photonics-98. 

In 2002, he received the best paper award at the 3rd <strong>International</strong> 

Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology. In 1999, Dr. Shum joined the School of 

Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University. He is the founding 

member of IEEE LEOS chapter in Singapore. Since 2002, he has been appointed as the Director of 

Network Technology Research Centre. He received the Singapore National Academy of Science 

Young Scientist Award in 2002 for his contributions on next generation optical communication 

technology. Dr. Shum has published more than 300 international journal and conference papers. He 

was the technical programme chair of ICOCN 2003; committee member and international advisor of 

many international conferences. His research interests are concerned with optical communications, 

nonlinear waveguide modelling, fibre gratings and WDM communication systems. 

12

M. 13 

Simple Approaches for Performance Enhancement on WDM-PONs With 

DMLs and RSOAs 

San-Liang LEE, and Shu-Chuan LIN 

National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan 

Email: SLLee@mail.ntust.edu.tw 

ABSTRACT 

WDM-PONs are emerging as the solutions for next-generation optical access networks. Colorless and 

low-cost ONUs are the key for deploying WDM-PONs. One of the most promising colorless ONU 

schemes for high bit rates is the use of reflective semiconductor optical amplifiers (RSOAs) as 

remodulators for upstream transmission. In this scheme, the extinction ratio (ER) of the downstream 

signals must be low enough to suppress the induced intensity fluctuation to the upstream data. 

However, the downstream signals suffer from the power penalty for low ER. On the other hand, 

directly modulated lasers (DMLs) are usually used in the OLTs for reducing the cost and complexity 

of OLTs. 

For WDM-PONs with DMLs and RSOAs, we propose to modulate the laser at low extinction ratio 

(ER) to reduce frequency chirp and then apply a Fabry-Perot (FP) etalon after the DML to increase ER. 

This approach can extend the transmission distance; and one etalon can compensate multiple DWDM 

lasers. In ONUs, inserting an etalon before the receiver can improve the performance of 10G/1.25- 

Gbps downstream/upstream transmission by reshaping the low-ER downstream signals that reduce the 

intensity fluctuation of RSOA-remodulated upstream signals. Colorless operation of ONUs can still be 

maintained. A FP etalon can be very compact, low-cost, and suitable for integration with a DML or a 

receiver. 

BIOGRAPHY 

San-Liang Lee received the B.S. degree in electronics engineering from the 

National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, in 1984, the M.S. degree in 

electrical engineering from the National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, in 

1986, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical and computer engineering from the 

University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), in 1995. 

Dr. Lee joined the faculty of the Department of Electronic Engineering, 

National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST), Taipei, in 

1988. He became an Associate Professor in 1995 and a Professor in 2002. He is 

currently the Chairman of the Department and the Director of the newly 

established Graduate Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering. Since 2005 he is 

the Director of the program office for the National Innovative Education Program on Image Display 

Technology, sponsored by the Ministry of Education, Taiwan. He is also the Director of the NTUST’s 

Intelligent Building Research Center, which is sponsored by the Top University Program, Ministry of 

Education. He was the Director of the Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, College of 

Electrical and Computer Engineering, NTUST, from 2002 to 2005. He organized the Optic and 

Photonics Taiwan conference with more than 900 attendees in 2002. 

His research interests include semiconductor optoelectronic components, photonic integrated 

circuits, nano-photonics, and optical switching technologies. He has published more than 70 referred 

papers in international journals and conferences and holds 16 patents. 

13

M. 14 

The Research Introduction of the State Key Laboratory of Advanced 

Optical Communication Systems & Networks (Peking University) 

Anshi XU 

Peking University, PRC 

Email: lyrxas@pku.edu.cn 

ABSTRACT 

Loaned by the World Bank, The State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems 

& networks was established in 1988. The laboratory has opened to public since February 1996. The 

main research activities of the laboratory focus on latest trends of fiber-optic communications and the 

requirement of the national economic target, and are organized under major research groupings: 

1. Novel Optical Network: Include optical burst switched (OBS) networks, optical packet switched 

(OPS) networks, etc. 

2. Optical Fiber Communication: Include theoretical analysis, long- and ultra-long-haul 

transmission, dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM), ultra-high-speed transmission 

(40 Gbit/s and beyond), space light communications, radio-over/on-fiber (ROF) communications, 

novel communication techniques, etc. 

3. Fundamental Research on Optical Components: Include novel passive and active optical devices, 

for example, broad-band fiber-optic amplifier, Raman amplifier, etc. 

We built up a first optical communication engineering in China with 4*2.5Gbit/s 154km between 

Shenzhen city and Guangzhou city in 1999. First all-optical network experiment was set up in 1999 in 

China. Recently, we built up two kinds of optical experimental systems for ultra long distance: 

160×10 Gbit/s WDM optical transmission system in C band over 3100 km and 43 Gb/s WDM 

transmission system of 1200km of Circulating loop configuration with NRZ format, SMF and electroabsorption 

modulation. Based on which, we joined the 3TNET of the important special project of 

National High Technology Program of China(863). A proposal of Time-space Label Switching 

Protocol (TSL-SP) was offered in 2003. Now the TSL-SP has been quoted as a chapter in the books of 

both 《Optical WDM Networks》and 《High Performance Packet Switching Architecture》。The 

series of transponders technology with 40Gbit/s, 10Gbit/s 2.5Gbit/s etc have transformed into 

products of companies, whose production value of 10Gbit/s in 2006 was over 50 million yuan of 

RMB. 

In our lab there are two nodes which of the CAINONet (China Advanced Info-Optical Network) 

supported by National 863 Program and NSFCnet (High Speed Information Demonstration Network 

of China) supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), respectively. There 

are 24 of fibers through out the campus and excellent equipments, such as Error Analyzer of 40Gbit/s 

in labs. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Xu, Anshi, Professor, Chairman of Dept. of Electronics, Peking University, and 

Director of the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication 

Systems & Networks (Peking University); Director of Photonics & 

Communication Technology Institute, Peking University. He is interested in 

optical networks, such as TSL-SP OBS, IP wavelength router, long haul WDM 

systems at high bit-rate of 40Gbit/s, and optical signal processing. He is a 

member of 3 rd advisory committee of National Natural Science Foundation of 

China(NSFC); member of Optical Society of America (OSA); one of the 

Standing Council of the Opto-Electronics Technique Profession Committee in 

China; Senior Membership of Chinese Institute Of Electronics(CIE), one of the Council of CIE; Vice 

Director of the Communication branch of CIE; Senior Membership of Chinese Institute Of 

Communication; He was awarded the National Prize for the Progress in Science and Technology, and 

etc. He published more than 250 papers and was granted some national patents for inventions in this 

field. 

14

M. 15 

Optical Performance Monitoring and Optimization of Network Diagnosis 

Lian K. CHEN 


Email: lkchen@ie.cuhk.edu.hk 

ABSTRACT 

Optical performance monitoring (OPM) describes a wide range of functionality intended to help 

assure network performance and is essential for service providers. The monitoring metrics include 

various parameters such as optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR), chromatic dispersion (CD), 

polarization-mode dispersion (PMD), fiber nonlinearities, path traces, etc. Future reconfigurable 

optical mesh networks impose even greater challenges on OPM because of the signal transparency and 

non-static configuration for different channel. In this presentation, we will review some of our recent 

works of OPM in various areas. First we will discuss schemes to further enhance the monitoring 

resolution and to make OPM more robust. We experimentally investigate the DOP-based OSNR 

monitoring sensitivities using different optical filtering schemes to improve the measurement accuracy 

at high OSNR region. We also propose a novel and simple in-band OSNR monitoring technique using 

phase modulator embedded fiber loop mirror (PM-FLM) to achieve high accuracy, high sensitivity and 

large dynamic range in OSNR measurements. Next we will discuss multi-impairment monitoring 

techniques that can quantify multiple signal degradations, or distinguish impairment sources in the 

presence of various impairments, thereby achieving more cost-effective OPM. We will present a 

simultaneous PMD and OSNR monitoring by enhanced RF spectral dip analysis assisted with a local 

large-DGD element. Finally we will discuss the optimization for network diagnosis, which is the 

theoretical study on the optimization of different monitoring parameters, such as monitoring location 

and monitoring information. These theoretical studies may provide some insights on the fundamental 

limits for optical performance monitoring. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Lian-Kuan Chen received his BSc degree from National Taiwan University in 

1983 and MSc and PhD degree from Columbia University in 1987 and 1992 

respectively, all in electrical engineering. He worked at Jerrold Communication, 

General Instruments (GI), USA in 1990-1991 and engaged in research on linear 

lightwave video distribution systems, with contributions on the distortion 

reduction schemes for various optical components. He joined the Department of 

Information Engineering, the Chinese University of Hong Kong in 1992 and 

initiated the Lightwave Communications Laboratory. He served as the Head of 

Department from Jan 2004 to Jul 2006. His current interests include broadband 

local access, photonic signal processing, performance management of optical 

networks, and bio-photonics. He is grateful that most of the projects are supported by the research 

grants of Hong Kong SAR government. He has published more than 180 papers in international 

conferences and journals. He is currently an Associate Editor of the IEEE Photonics Technology 

Letters. For his name (Chinese) sake, he believes that he will continue to participate in the photonic 

research in the foreseeable future. 

15

M. 16 

All-Optical Packet Switching using Fabry-Perot Laser Diodes 

P.K.A. WAI, L.F.K. LUI, C.C. LEE, and Lixin XU 

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 

Email: enwai@polyu.edu.hk 

ABSTRACT 

The advances in wavelength division multiplexing technologies have made possible the transmission 

of tens to hundreds of wavelength per fiber with per channel capacity of 10 Gb/s or more. The 

switching of the data packets however is still largely confined to the electronic domain. In every 

network node, the optical signal have to be converted to electrical signal to process the routing 

information and then the electrical signal have to be converted back to optical signal for transmission. 

Electronic switching is a mature technology, and it will be difficult for electronic switching to keep up 

with the increasing network capacity. In addition, electronics equipments are typically data rate and 

protocol dependent. If switching of packets both the processing of the packet headers and the routing 

of packets can be carried out entirely in the optical domains, this so-called electronic bottleneck can 

be eliminated. Moreover, optical packet switching (OPS) can offer an almost arbitrary fine granularity 

compared with generalized multi-protocol label switching (GMPLS) which provides bandwidth at a 

granularity of a wavelength or optical burst switching which has a granularity between OPS and 

GMPLS. All-optical packet switching however remains an elusive goal. Limitations in optical 

processing beyond simple logic gates and the lack of the optical equivalent of random access memory 

have severely hampered progress in this area. Although transparent optical packet switching is not 

likely in the near future, advance in optical signal processing will help the migration of switching 

systems from optics to electronics gradually. 

In the last few years, we have demonstrated all-optical header processing of packet header and 

routing of the packets by using the injection locking properties and bistability characteristics of Fabry- 

Perot laser diodes. We showed that the interaction at a single bit interval can be made to affect the 

entire duration of the packet through bistability by injecting a FP-LD simultaneously with the data 

packets and a novel two-level control signal. The demonstrated header processing speed is 10 Gb/s 

and the data payload is 160 Gb/s. Despite the simplicity of the scheme, we have also demonstrated 

packet add/drop functions that can be used to implement a ring network and the use of binary encoded 

address format for the packet header. The scheme can also be used to implement a 2×2 node by 

employing deflection routing strategy to resolve the packet contention problem. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Professor Wai received the Bachelor of Science (Hons) degree from The 

University of Hong Kong in 1981, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the 

University of Maryland, College Park, USA, in 1985 and 1988, respectively. In 

1988, he joined Science Applications <strong>International</strong> Corporation in McLean, VA, 

where he worked as a Research Scientist on the Tethered Satellite System 

project – a joint US-Italy Space Shuttle mission. In 1990, he worked as a 

Research Associate in the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of 

Maryland, Baltimore County, USA. In 1996, he joined the then Department of 

Electronic Engineering, which is later renamed to the Department of Electronic 

and Information Engineering, of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. He 

became Chair Professor of Optical Communications in 2005. Currently he serves as the Dean of the 

Faculty of Engineering. 

His research interests include theory of solitons, fiber lasers, simulations of integrated optical 

devices, long haul optical fiber communications, all-optical packet switching, and network theories. 

Prof. Wai is an active contributor to the field of photonics and optical communications, having over 

300 international refereed publications. Prof. Wai is a member of Optical Society of America and a 

Senior member of IEEE. Currently he is an associate editor of Optics Express. 

16

T. 1 

Simple Analytic Tools for Optimising Dispersion Maps in Optical Fibre 

Transmission Systems 

Christian-Alexander BUNGE, Johannes K. FISCHER and Klaus PETERMANN 

Technische Universität Berlin, Germany 

Fachgebiet Hochfrequenztechnik HFT 4, Einsteinufer 25, 10587 Berlin, Germany 

Email: petermann@tu-berlin.de 

ABSTRACT 

Because the ultimate capacity of optical fibre transmission systems is limited by the nonlinear nature 

of the fibre, minimizing nonlinear impairments has become one of system designers’ most challenging 

tasks. System designers are now faced with a bewildering array of options for modulation format, bitrate 

and dispersion map. It has become increasingly difficult to extract insights into the best system 

architecture from numerical simulations alone and to prove that the best solution has been found. Fast 

and reliable analytic or semi-analytic methods are needed to guide network designers towards better 

solutions. 

In our recent works, the concept of the nonlinear diffusion bandwidth of a fibre had been 

introduced to address this issue. This simple criterion enables the characterization of nonlinear 

impairments in single-span transmission systems with a given local dispersion. Furthermore it has 

been shown how to extend these considerations to multi-span dispersion-managed transmission 

systems by defining an equivalent single span system, which also accounts for dispersion precompensation 

and the residual dispersion per span. 

The potential of this approach is tested by evaluation of several 40 Gbit/s OOK and DPSK 

transmission systems with varying local dispersion and different dispersion maps. This provides useful 

insight into the interplay of fibre chromatic dispersion and fibre nonlinearity, thus allowing for a fast 

assessment of the performance of a given modulation format over various dispersion maps by reducing 

the need for extensive numerical simulations. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Dr. Petermann was born in Mannheim, Germany, on October 02, 1951. He 

received the Dipl.-Ing. degree in 1974 and the Dr.-Ing. degree in 1976, both 

in electrical engineering from the Technische Universität Braunschweig, 

Germany. 

From 1974 to 1976 Dr. Petermann was a Research Associate at the 

Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 

where he worked on optical waveguide theory. From 1977 to 1983 he was 

with AEG-Telefunken, Forschungsinstitut Ulm, Germany, where he was 

engaged in research work on semiconductor lasers, optical fibers, and 

optical fiber sensors. In 1983 he became a full professor at the Technische 

Universität Berlin, where his research interests are concerned with optical 

fiber communications and integrated optics. In 1993 Dr. Petermann was 

awarded with the the Leibniz-award from the ‘Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft’. In 1999/2000 he 

did receive the “distinguished lecturer”-award from the Laser and Electro-Optics Society within the 

IEEE. From 1999 – 2004 he was an associate editor for IEEE Photonics Technology Letters and from 

1996 – 2004 he was a member of the board of the VDE. From 2004 until 2006 he was Vice President 

for research at the Technische Universität Berlin. 

Dr. Petermann is a senior member of the IEEE, member of the Senate of the Deutsche 

Forschungsgemeinschaft (German research council), and member of the Berlin-Brandenburg academy 

of science. 

17

T. 2 

Ultrafast Optical Technologies for Optical CDMA and Network Security 

Paul PRUCNAL 

Princeton University, USA 

Email: prucnal@Princeton.EDU 

ABSTRACT 

Optical code-division multiple access (CDMA) provides congestion-free transmission of multiple 

simultaneous users, with variable bit rates and qualities of service (QoS). The soft-blocking 

properties of optical CDMA can be used to mediate congestion and allow graceful scaling of the size 

of networks. The orthogonality properties of the OCDMA codes, independent of code length or 

weight, can be used to flexibly and dynamically assign bandwidth and QoS to different priority traffic. 

Optical CDMA can also be used to provide privacy for the physical layer of the network, in several 

ways. First, enhanced channel isolation is afforded by the orthogonality of the codes. The probability 

of interception is further reduced by choosing codes from a large set, and by swapping the code 

assignment on a bit-to-bit basis. Use of a secret key for code assignment provides cryptographic level 

security. Second, by optically spreading the signal, in a fashion analogous to radio-frequency spread 

spectrum, it can be hidden below the noise floor, as with steganography. Finally, physical level 

privacy can be greatly enhanced by completely dropping codes from the network, such as in selfhealing 

rings. Several demonstrations of physical level privacy using optical CDMA based on ultrafast 

optical technologies will be presented. Applications to access and sensor networks will be 

discussed. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Professor Paul Prucnal received his A.B. from Bowdoin College, and the 

M.S., M.Phil. and Ph. D. from Columbia University. He joined Columbia’s 

faculty of Electrical Engineering in 1979, and was a member of the Columbia 

Radiation Laboratory, where he performed seminal work in the area of alloptical 

networks, including optical code- division multiple access and selfrouted 

photonic switching. In 1988, he joined Princeton University as 

Professor of Electrical Engineering, and founding Director of Princeton’s 

Center for Photonics and Optoelectronic Materials. While at Princeton, he 

has also served as Visiting Professor at the University of Tokyo and the 

University of Parma, and as a consultant to government and private industry. 

He is widely known for his invention of the “Terahertz Optical Asymmetric Demultiplexer.” 

Professor Prucnal has authored or co-authored some 250 journal articles/book chapters and holds 17 

U.S. patents. He is editor of the book, Optical Code Division Multiple Access: Fundamentals and 

Applications (Taylor and Francis, 2006), and is an Area Editor of the IEEE Transactions on 

Communications. He served as the general chair of the OSA Topic Meeting on Photonics in 

Switching in 1999. Professor Prucnal is a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics 

Engineers and the Optical Society of America, and is a member of Phi Beta Kappa, Eta Kappa and 

Sigma Xi. He received the Rudolf Kingslake Medal for his paper “Self-routing photonic switching 

with optically-processed control,” and has been honored with Princeton’s Engineering Council Award 

for Excellence in Teaching in 2005, the Graduate Mentoring Award in Engineering in 2006, and the 

Gold Medal from the Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics at the Comenius University in 

2006. 

18

T. 3 

Optical Code-Label Processing and Its Applications to Optical Packet 

Switching and Optical Code-Division Multiple Access Systems 

Naoya WADA, Hideaki FURUKAWA, Xu WANG, and Tetsuya MIYAZAKI 

National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Japan 

4-2-1, Nukui-Kitamachi, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8795 Japan, Email: wada@nict.go.jp 

ABSTRACT 

The average traffic level of major Internet exchanges more than doubles every year. In order to build a 

backbone network capable of handling the tremendous amount of Internet traffic in the future, it will 

be necessary to improve the node throughput, as well as the link capacity. While the link capacity can 

be easily increased by bundling optical fibers, the electronic processing in current node systems may 

limit the achievable increase in node throughput. The difficulty of increasing the interface (i.e., port) 

speed and the number of ports at nodes due to electrical limitations requires the introduction of optical 

technology in packet forwarding. As well as the average traffic level, the range of traffic levels 

increases year by year. Therefore, in next-generation optical networks, high scalability and fine 

granularity will be essential, in addition to increased network capacity. 

Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology has enabled transmission of huge capacities 

of data. However, the granularity of a WDM light-path network is generally coarse. Although an 

approach using Internet protocol (IP) over generalized multi-protocol label switching (GMPLS) with 

WDM (IP/GMPLS/WDM) provides fine granularity, its slower electronic processing, such as memory 

access for header analysis at IP routers, will be a bottleneck in the network. To avoid such bottlenecks 

in commercial high-end IP routers, electronic parallel processing technologies are often used. 

However, such large-scale parallel processing leads to serious power consumption problems. Optical 

processing, on the other hand, has great promise as a key technology for ultra-high-speed, low-powerconsumption 

processing in future broadband photonic networks. Recently, despite the relative 

immaturity of optical technologies, many optical packet switching (OPS) systems have been 

developed to exploit the big merits of OPS systems, such as high scalability and fine granularity. We 

propose and experimentally demonstrate some optical code-label processing technologies and their 

applications in photonic networks. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Dr. Wada received the B.E., M.E., and Dr. Eng. degrees in electronics from 

Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, in 1991, 1993, and 1996, respectively. 

In 1996, he joined the Communications Research Laboratory (CRL), 

Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Tokyo, Japan. He is currently a 

Senior Researcher of the National Institute of Information and 

Communications Technology (NICT), Tokyo, Japan. Since April 2006, he 

has been project leader of Photonic Node Project and research manager of 

the Photonic Network Group. 

His current research interests are in the area of photonic networks and 

optical communication technologies, such as optical packet switching (OPS) 

network, optical processing, and optical code-division multiple access 

(OCDMA) system. He has published more than 50 papers in refereed 

journals and more than 150 papers in refereed international conferences. 

Dr. Wada received the 1999 Young Engineer Award from the Institute of Electronics, Information and 

Communication Engineers of Japan, and the 2005 Young Researcher Award from the Ministry of 

Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. He is a member of IEEE Comsoc, IEEE LEOS, 

the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers (IEICE), the Japan Society of 

Applied Physics (JSAP), and the Optical Society of Japan (OSJ). 

19

T. 4 

Recent Advances in Optical Fiber Raman and Parametric Amplifiers. 

Karsten ROTTWITT, Danny NOORDEGRAAF and Michael LORENZEN 

COM Technical University of Denmark, Denmark 

Technical University of Copenhagen, Building 345v, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark. 

Email: kar@com.dtu.dk 

ABSTRACT 

Through the last decades we have witnessed a tremendous revolution within optical communication. 

One of the main components that have enabled this is the optical fiber amplifier. First, in the late 

eighties, the erbium doped fiber amplifier seeded an enormous development within WDM systems 

leading to long haul transmission of multiple channels operating at 10 Gb/s. Then, in the late nineties 

research within optical amplifiers for optical communication focused on Raman amplifiers which 

enabled pr. channel bitrates to reach 40 Gb/s. In addition, the Raman amplifier also enabled the use of 

even more bandwidth as compared to the erbium doped fiber amplifier. 

Current research on optical amplifiers is focused on amplifiers with multiple functionalities. An 

example of such an amplifier is the fiber optical parametric amplifier. In addition to amplification, 

parametric amplifiers may also be used to signal regeneration, wavelength conversion, WDM 

demultiplexers, optical phase-conjugation etc. As opposed to erbium amplifiers and Raman amplifiers, 

the parametric amplifier is based on four wave mixing through the nonlinear refractive index of fibers. 

As a consequence the pump and signal has to propagate in the same directions close to the zero 

dispersion of the fiber. This causes a wide range of noise sources to be considered. In addition, the 

amplifier also requires use of high pump power levels which causes onset of Brillouin scattering. 

The presentation briefly reviews the development of optical amplifiers, with focus on Raman 

amplifiers and parametric amplifiers. Special attention will be given to parametric amplifiers and in 

particular their noise properties. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Dr. Rottwitt was born in Odense, Denmark, on November 13, 1965. He 

received the Master of Science degree in 1990 and the Ph.D. degree in 1993, 

both in electrical engineering from the Technical University of Denmark. 

From 1993 to 1995 Dr. Rottwitt was a Post Doc. at the Electromagnetics 

Institute, at the Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, where he worked 

on soliton transmission and soliton amplification and recovery. From 1995 to 

2000 he was with AT&T, Bell Labs, Holmdel, and Lucent Technologies, Bell 

Labs, Murray Hill, both New Jersey. Here he was engaged in research on 

Raman amplifiers, their design and performance, including noise issues and 

systems applications. In 2001 he took a position at the University of 

Copenhagen as associate professor, where his research interests focused on 

near field optics and nonlinear fiber optics. In 2002 Dr. Rottwitt took on an associated professor 

position COM•DTU where he is currently heading the effort within Fibers & Nonlinear Optics. His 

current research interests are focused on fiber optical parametric amplifiers, nonlinear optics in 

nanostructured materials, short pulsed high power lasers and fiber sensors using photonic crystal fibers. 

20

T. 5 

Broadband Light Source from Chromium Doped Fibers 

S. L. HUANG 1,2 , K. Y. HUANG, 2 K. Y. HSU, 1 and C. N. TSAI 2 

1 National Taiwan University, Taiwan, 2 National Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan 

Email: slhuang@cc.ee.ntu.edu.tw 

ABSTRACT 

Broadband near IR emission and amplification are useful for applications in all-optical fiber 

communications and high-resolution optical low coherence reflectometry. Advancement in the Crdoped 

glass fiber fabricated by a co-drawing laser-heated pedestal growth method will be discussed. 

Around 300-nm-width emission peaked at various wavelengths were generated from either Cr 3+ or 

Cr 4+ ions. With appropriate pumping wavelength and divalent doping concentration, both Cr 3+ and Cr 4+ 

emission bands can be excited simultaneously, and become comparable in their fluorescent intensities. 

As a result, more than 400-nm-width emission was generated. This presentation will give an overview 

of broadband gain media, and their applications as well as challenges. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Dr. Huang received the B.S. degree from the Department of Electrical 

Engineering, National Taiwan University in 1986, and the M. S. and Ph. D. 

degrees from the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, 

College Park in 1990 and 1993, respectively. 

He joined the Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen 

University in 1993, and became a Professor in 1999. He served as Director of 

the Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University 

from April 2003 to Jan. 2006. Since Feb. 2006, he joined the Graduate Institute 

of Electro-Optical Engineering and Department of Electrical Engineering, 

National Taiwan University. 

Dr. Huang is a senior member of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS), and a 

member of the Optical Society of America and the Photonics Society of Chinese-Americans. He 

served as the Chairman of IEEE LEOS Taipei Chapter, 2005-2006, and is presently a Topical Editor of 

Optics Letters. 

21

T. 6 

Rare Earth Doped Photonic Devices 

Yue-Bun Edwin PUN 

City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 

Email: eeeybpun@cityu.edu.hk 

ABSTRACT 

Cost-effective and functional optical devices are attractive for optical communication networks, and 

integrated optics or planar waveguide technology is expected to play a major role. Among the 

different waveguide components demonstrated optical amplifiers play an important role, because they 

are essential in communication systems. Materials such as glasses have been widely used as hosts for 

rare earth ions, and both fiber and planar waveguide amplifiers with excellent performances have been 

demonstrated. Recently, polymer materials have received much attention due to their unique 

properties and ease of processing. In this talk, work on rare earth doped devices at City University of 

Hong Kong, using both glass and polymer materials, will be discussed. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Dr. Pun graduated with first class honours from University College, 

University of London, and was awarded a Faculty of Engineering Scholarship 

by the University of Glasgow, Scotland, to carry out a Ph.D. study. After 

graduation, he worked at GEC Research Ltd., Hirst Research Centre, England, 

and became a group leader in the Compound Semiconductor Laboratory 

working on laser diodes. He then joined Thorn EMI Central Research 

Laboratories as a Principal Research Engineer in the Applied Optics 

Department, leading a team working on integrated optical devices. In 1988, he 

joined the Department of Electronics at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. 

In 1992, he joined the City University of Hong Kong, and is at present a 

Professor (Chair) in the Department of Electronic Engineering. He has authored or co-authored over 

250 technical publications, and given over 10 invited presentations at international conferences. His 

research interests include glass, lithium niobate, and polymer waveguide devices, rare earth doped 

planar waveguide devices, nano-fabrication, and fiber optics. 

Dr Pun has served on the Technical Programme Committee of many international conferences, such 

as European Conference on Integrated Optics, European Conference on Optical Communications, 

Integrated Photonics Research and Applications, and SPIE Conferences on Optoelectronics and 

Integrated Optical Circuits. 

22

T. 7 

Micro- or Nanofibers for Photonic Applications 

Limin TONG 


Email: phytong@zju.edu.cn 

ABSTRACT 

Micro- or nanometer-diameter glass fibers are fabricated using a high-temperature taper-drawing 

approach. The as-fabricated micro-/nanofibers exhibit excellent diameter uniformity and sidewall 

smoothness, making them ideal for low-loss optical wave guiding from the UV to the near-infrared. 

Air- or liquid-clad glass fibers can be used as single-mode waveguides. Depending on the wavelength 

and the fiber diameter, these fibers can either confine the optical fields tightly or leave a large amount 

of evanescent waves guided outside the fiber core. Using these micro- or nanoscale optical fibers as 

building blocks, a series of photonic components or devices including couplers, interferometers, 

resonators, filters and lasers have been realized, indicating great potential for developing micro- or 

nanofiber-based photonics devices for future optical communication and sensing. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Limin Tong received his PhD degree, with a thesis focusing on singlecrystal 

optical fibers, in Department of Material Science and Engineering 

from Zhejiang University in July 1997. In August 1997 he joined 

Department of Physics of Zhejiang University as an assistant professor to 

continue his research on fiber optics and devices, and became an associate 

professor two years later. In 2001, he joined Mazur group in Division of 

Engineering and Applied Science of Harvard University as a visiting 

scientist, working on silica nanofibers and micromachining using 

femtosecond laser pulses. In 2004, he returned to Zhejiang University and 

joined Department of Optical Engineering as a full professor. His current 

research area includes nanophotonics, optical nanostructures and fiber optic 

devices. 

23

T. 8 

Ion-Implanted Silicon Waveguides and Their Applications in Lightwave 


H. K.TSANG 

The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. 

Email:hktsang@ee.cuhk.edu.hk 

ABSTRACT 

We review our recent work on ion implanted silicon waveguides and their applications as optical 

power monitors [1] for erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) transient control. Helium implanted 

silicon waveguides can generate photocurrents even at the below-bandgap wavelengths important for 

communications (1500-1600nm) and are thus attractive for use as low loss in-line optical power 

monitors. Excess losses of about 0.1dB and responsivity (measured relative the absorbed power) of 

about 64mA/W were obtained in 17mm long silicon waveguides implanted at a dose of 10 12 cm -2 and 

annealed at 200°C for 45 minutes [1]. The use of such power monitors with high speed (MHz 

switching frequency) silicon-based electronic variable optical attenuators (EVOA) can compensate 

transients which occur in the microsecond timescale in cascaded EDFAs. The compensation of such 

transients are particularly important in reconfigurable optical communication systems or amplified 

burst-mode passive optical networks (PONs). Recent experiments [2] in the laboratory with the 

helium implanted silicon waveguide power monitors controlling the EVOA achieved 15dB receiver 

sensitivity improvement at 10Gb/s bit-error-rate (BER) measurement of 10 -9 . Optical add/drop in 

amplified dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) systems can lead to spectral tilt because of 

the different average optical powers in the EDFAs. We show that the use of an arrayed waveguide 

grating, together with an array of helium implanted silicon waveguides to monitor individual channel 

powers, and an array of EVOAs can detect and compensate spectral tilt [3] and thus improve the 

performance of reconfigurable amplified DWDM networks. Acknowledgement: This work was fully 

funded by RGC earmarked grant CUHK415905. 

References 

1. Y. Liu and H.K.Tsang, “In-line channel power monitor based on helium ion implantation in silicon-oninsulator 

waveguides,” IEEE Phot. Tech. Lett., 18, 1882, 2006. 

2. Y. Liu et al.: “Dynamic-Channel-Equalizer using In-Line Channel Power Monitor and Electronic Variable 

Optical Attenuator,” accepted by Optics Communications (2007). 

3. Y. Liu et al.: “Optical Burst and Transient Equalizer for 10 Gb/s Amplified WDM-PON,” Optical Fiber 

Communications 2007, paper OThU7. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Hon Tsang studied Engineering at the University of Cambridge and obtained 

the B.A. (Hons.) and Ph.D. from Cambridge in 1987 and 1991 respectively. 

He worked on Quantum Confined Stark Effect waveguide modulators as a 

visitor at Bell Communications Research Inc. (Bellcore) in 1990. Between 

1991-93, he was a SERC Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Bath where 

he worked on two photon absorption in semiconductor waveguides. He joined 

the Chinese University of Hong Kong in 1993. He has worked on both III-V 

and silicon based optical waveguides. In 2002-03 he joined Bookham 

Technology plc where he managed the product development of the silicon 

electronic variable optical attenuator (EVOA) and the hybrid integration of 

transceivers on an silicon platform. He rejoined the Chinese University of Hong Kong in 2003 as a 

professor. In 2004 he pointed out the importance of two photon absorption in silicon waveguides and 

was thus able to demonstrate net optical gain from stimulated Raman scattering in silicon waveguides. 

24

T. 9 

Integrated Photonic Devices for Optical Communications 

Jian-Jun HE 


Email: jjhe@zju.edu.cn 

ABSTRACT 

Some research activities and recent results at Zhejiang University on integrated photonic devices for 

optical communications are presented, including a novel Q-modulated semiconductor laser, an InPbased 

DWDM channel monitor, an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) triplexer and a novel design for 

polarization insensitive AWG’s. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Dr. Jian-Jun He received the Diplome d’Etudes Approfondies and Ph.D. 

degrees in semiconductor optoelectronics from the University of Paris VI, 

Paris, France, in 1986 and 1989, respectively. He then worked on 

semiconductor optoelectronic devices in university, government laboratory 

and private industry in Canada for seventeen years. In 2006, he joined 

Zhejiang University, where he graduated with Bachelor’s degree in Optical 

Engineering in 1984, as a Professor specially appointed by the Ministry of 

Education of China under Changjiang Scholars Program. His current interest 

is multifunctional integrated optoelectronic devices for optical 

communications and sensors. He has published about 130 scientific papers 

and holds fourteen US patents with a number of additional patents pending. 

He is a senior member of IEEE LEOS, a member of OSA and SPIE. 

25

T. 10 

Silicon Microresonator Devices 

Andrew W. POON 

The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 

Email: eeawpoon@ust.hk 

ABSTRACT 

Optical micrometer-scale resonators have been widely regarded as potential building blocks for 

photonic information processing on a chip and have demonstrated relevant devices including channel 

add-drop filters, modulators, switches, and microlasers for next-generation optical communications. 

In this talk, I will review recent experimental work by my research group on the topic of silicon 

microresonator-based passive and active devices. Silicon photonics are technologically attractive 

because their device fabrications are largely compatible with the mature silicon microelectronics 

fabrication processes. Specific topics of discussion will include: (i) carrier-injection-based 

modulators/switches and reconfigurable add/drop filters; and (ii) nonlinear silicon Raman lasers. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Andrew W. Poon received his B.A. (Hons.) degree from The University of Chicago, 

Illinois, USA in 1995, and his M. Phil and Ph. D. degrees from Yale University, 

Connecticut, USA, in 1998 and 2001, all in Physics. Since 2001, he has been an 

assistant professor with the Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, 

The HKUST, Hong Kong China. His research group focuses on experiments and 

modeling of optical microresonators and silicon photonics. 

26

T. 11 

Long-Period Grating Couplers 

Kin Seng CHIANG 


Email: eeksc@cityu.edu.hk 

ABSTRACT 

Optical couplers for signal distribution, such as fused tapered fiber couplers and waveguide junction 

couplers, are indispensable components in today’s optical fiber communication systems. For the last 

few years, we have been working on a new class of optical couplers. Our approach is based on using 

parallel long-period gratings (LPGs). A LPG formed in a single-mode fiber, widely known as a longperiod 

fiber grating (LPFG), enables light coupling from the guided mode to selected cladding modes 

at specific resonance wavelengths. In most applications with LPFGs, the light energy coupled to the 

cladding mode is lost and the LPFG functions merely as a band-rejection filter. Our studies, however, 

show that the light coupled to the cladding mode can be collected efficiently by using two parallel 

LPFGs. The outputs from the two gratings are complementary to each other, one showing bandrejection 

characteristics and the other showing band-pass characteristics. The structure of two parallel 

LPFGs thus operates as a broadband optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM). Recently, we have 

extended the idea to three parallel LPFGs and demonstrated a total power transfer efficiency of ~85% 

at the resonance wavelength. We can configure three parallel LPFGs to form a 1 × 3 coupler, a 3 × 3 

coupler, or a six-port OADM. In practice, maintaining two or three fibers in strict parallel is very 

much a challenge in device packaging. It is also difficult to further increase the number of output ports 

by increasing the number of fibers. To overcome the limitations of LPFGs, we have proposed forming 

LPGs in planar waveguides, known as long-period waveguide gratings (LPWGs). The availability of a 

wide variety of waveguide geometries and materials can offer much flexibility in the design of 

compact and robust LPWG-based devices, especially tunable devices. We have carried out a detailed 

theoretical analysis of LPWG couplers and arrays. Recently, we have successfully fabricated LPWG 

couplers and arrays with polymer waveguides to demonstrate the coupling mechanisms. One of our 

couplers shows a peak coupling efficiency of ~34% and a wavelength tuning sensitivity of 4.7 nm/°C. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Professor Chiang received the B.E. (first-class Honours) and Ph.D. degrees in 

electrical engineering from the University of New South Wales, Australia, in 

1982 and 1986, respectively. In 1986, he spent six months in the Department 

of Mathematics, Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra, where he 

developed mathematical models for optical fiber fused tapered couplers. From 

1986 to 1993, he worked for the Division of Applied Physics (also known as 

the National Measurement Laboratory), Commonwealth Scientific and 

Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australia, as Research 

Scientist/Senior Research Scientist, where he established a fiber-optics 

laboratory and initiated research in the areas of optical fiber sensors and 

nonlinear fiber optics. In 1987, he received a Japanese Government Research 

Award for Foreign Specialist and visited the Electrotechnical Laboratory in Tsukuba City, Japan, for six 

months. From 1992 to 1993, he worked concurrently for the Optical Fiber Technology Centre (OFTC) of 

the University of Sydney. He joined the City University of Hong Kong in August 1993, where he is 

currently a Chair Professor. He was a recipient of the Croucher Senior Research Fellowship for 2000- 

2001. 

Professor Chiang has published over 320 papers in international journals and conference 

proceedings, as well as several book chapters. His research interests include optical fiber and 

waveguide theory, fiber and waveguide characterization, fiber and waveguide devices, optical fiber 

sensors, and nonlinear guided-wave optics. Professor Chiang is a Fellow of the Optical Society of 

America. 

27

T. 12 

Optical Communication Researches at NCTU 

Yinchieh LAI 

National Chiao Tung University, Tawian 

Email: yclai@mail.nctu.edu.tw 

ABSTRACT 

Since 2000/04/01, the Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering at National Chiao Tung University 

(NCTU) in Taiwan has been supported by the “Program for Promoting Academic Excellence of 

Universities” sponsored by Ministry of Education (first 4 years) and National Science Council (second 

4 years), to perform researches under the main project title of “Photonic Sciences and Technologies 

for the Tera Era”. One of the subprojects is on “Next Generation Optical Communication 

Technologies”, mainly carried out by Prof. S. Chi, Y. Lai, J. Chen, and W.-P. Lin. The organization of 

the project and a brief list of recent research highlights can be found in the figures below. Basically we 

explore to develop new optical transmission and photonic signal processing techniques and the 

required device, module, and networking technologies which may play the key roles in next generation 

optical communication systems. The conducted researches are mainly along the following four 

directions: (1) Novel Optical Transmission & Processing; (2) Novel Optical Network Architectures 

and Technologies; (3) Novel Fiber Devices and Laser Sources; (4) Novel Theories and Applications. 

Many breakthroughs and successful achievements have been made during the past 7 years of project 

execution. These include the new optical transmission techniques developed by Prof. J. Chen, new 

photonic modules developed by Prof. S. Chi, new access network architectures developed by Prof. W.- 

P. Lin, and new fiber grating and modelocked fiber soliton laser technologies developed by Prof. Y. 

Lai. More specific titles for some of our research topics can be found in the figure of research 

highlights below. I shall present some of these achievements in the talk to give a brief picture about 

the scope and performance of the whole project. Other optical communication research activities at 

NCTU will also be mentioned if time is allowed. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Yinchieh Lai received his Ph.D degree from Dept. of EECS, Massachusetts 

Institute of Technology (MIT), USA, in 1991. He became one of the faculty 

members at the Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Chaio Tung 

University (NCTU), Taiwan, immediately after his graduation from MIT. 

During the past years, his research efforts are mainly along the following 

directions: quantum theory of nonlinear optical pulse propagation, advanced 

fiber grating and all-fiber devices, modelocked Er-fiber lasers. His main 

contributions in these areas include the development of a general method for 

calculating quantum noises in nonlinear optical pulse propagation problems, 

the development of several new ideas for advanced fiber grating design and 

fabrication, and the development of new modelocked fiber soliton lasers. 

Yinchieh Lai is now a professor in the Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering and Department of 

Photonics at NCTU, leading several optical communication related projects for pursuing academic 

excellence. 

28

T. 13 

Enabling Bi-directional Traffic by Using a Novel Four-Port Optical 

Interleaver 

Kai-Ming FENG 

National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan 

Email: kmfeng@com.nthu.edu.tw 

ABSTRACT 

An optical interleaver is a passive three-port optical device which possesses a periodical filter function 

in frequency domain to separate or combine odd and even channels in an ultra dense wavelength 

division multiplexing (DWDM) system to relieve the stringent design parameter requirements of 

multiplexer/demultiplexer. For our four-port optical interleaver, there are two ports available for fully 

multiplexed channels, and two ports for the even and odd channels. Such an additional port provides 

an alternative connection to multiplex/demultiplex optical channels, and enables a unique routing 

function for bi-directional transmission application. The purpose of this investigation is: in an 

amplified optical communication system, traffic is transmitted uni-directionally due to the built-in 

optical isolator required inside the EDFA to block the deleterious Rayleigh backscattering in 

transmission fiber and prevent the amplifier from oscillation to guarantee high gain and low noise 

performance. We conducted several experiments to investigate the bi-directional traffic transmission 

in an amplified optical fiber communication system without sacrificing the EDFAs’ performance. In 

our bi-directional system, to take the advantages of an optical interleaver, we intentionally assign the 

even and odd channels to be transmitted in opposite directions. At the amplifier stage, we placed an 

interleaver in front of the EDFA to reroute the bi-directional transmission into unidirectional 

transmission in an EDFA to guarantee its high performance. We successfully demonstrated a 210 km 

straight line and 500 km transmission in a recirculating loop bidirectional transmission experiments. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Kai-Ming Feng received the BSEE degree from National Taiwan University, 

Taipei, Taiwan, in 1992, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical 

engineering from the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 

in 1995 and 1999, respectively. 

In 1999, he joined Chunghwa Telecommunications Laboratories in 

Taoyuan, Taiwan. In 2000, he joined Phaethon Communications, Inc., 

Fremont, CA. At Phaethon Communications, he was in charge of 

developing company's main products at 40 Gb/s WDM systems. In 2003, he 

joined the Institute of Communications Engineering and Department of 

Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 

R.O.C. His research interests include high-speed and high capacity WDM 

systems, optical fiber networks, dispersion compensation techniques, and 

fiber gratings and their applications. 

29

T. 14 

Novel Optical Modulation Formats for 100 Gbit/s Ethernet 

Chi Wai CHOW, Andrew ELLIS and Paul TOWNSEND 

University College Cork, Ireland 

Email: chiwai.chow@ucc.ie 

ABSTRACT 

Ethernet has many practical advantages for network operation and management, such as providing 

scalable bandwidth with simplified management, having lower cost per port and provisioning. 

Recently there is a great interest in pushing the 10 Gb/s Ethernet technology to 100 Gb/s (100GbE). 

In this talk, we will discuss some prior arts of 100GbE, including using parallel and serial modulation 

formats to achieve 100GbE applications. Then we will discuss and demonstrate experimentally a 

novel 100GbE transmitter based on serial cascade of two stages of dark-return-to-zero (SDRZ) 

modulation. The transmitter uses commercially available components optimized for 40Gb/s. We also 

compare theoretically SDRZ with other direct detection modulation formats, such as amplitudemodulated-phase-shift-keying 

(AM-PSK), NRZ and RZ formats, under conditions of typical WAN 

impairments, showing that SDRZ is a potential good overall choice. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Dr. Chi Wai Chow was born in Hong Kong, China. He received the Ph.D. 

and B.Eng. (First-Class Hons) degrees both from the Department of 

Electronic Engineering, the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) in 

2004 and 2001 respectively. His Ph.D. thesis entitled “Photonic Signal 

Processing Devices and Subsystems for All-optical Networks” focused on 

optical labelling and packet switching techniques for optical packet switched 

networks. 

After graduation, he was a Postdoctoral Fellow at the CUHK, working on 

silicon planar lightwave components and applications of photonic crystal fiber 

for ultrafast all-optical wavelength conversion. In 2005, he joined the 

Photonic Systems Group, Tyndall National Institute and Department of Physics, University College 

Cork (UCC), Ireland as a Postdoctoral Research Scientist, working mainly on two European 

Commission Projects: PIEMAN (Photonic Integrated Extended Metro and Access Network) and 

TRIUMPH (Transparent Ring Interconnection Using Multi-wavelength PHotonic switches). His 

recent research includes using advanced modulation formats for Rayleigh noise mitigation in carrier 

distributed PONs and 100 Gbit/s Ethernet applications. 

30

T. 15 

Polym er based Photonic Devices: Materials, Fabrication, Packaging and 

Reliability 

H. P. CHAN 


Email: eehpchan@cityu.edu.hk 

ABSTRACT 

Recent advances in the development of organic molecules and polymers with high optical quality & 

high performance have led to a maturing of the polymer photonic device field, which brings 

commercialization closer. The combination of structural flexibility and toughness in optical polymers 

also makes it more suitable for vertical integration to realize 3D and even for all-polymer integrated 

optics. In this presentation, the suitability of optical polymer systems, the in depth processing steps in 

fabricating reliable waveguide devices, packaging of fiber array to integrate fiber-to-waveguide 

devices as well as some components derived from these devices are summarized. 

The first part is focused on discussing the several important classes of optical polymers and their 

versatile processing steps commonly used in fabricating waveguide devices. The key requirements for 

optical waveguide devices include multi-layered thin film deposition and patterning them. Spin 

coating is very common process for rapidly depositing thin polymeric film onto relatively flat 

substrates. An overview on the spin coating process of typical complex solutions and its impacts on 

the reliable fabrication is addressed. The effect of substrate surface condition and surface treatment on 

the thermo-mechanical properties of the deposited film is also highlighted. Then, the emphasis is 

placed on the discussion of packaging issues of these waveguide devices. Fiber-to-waveguide 

connection is one of the key technologies in realizations of guided-wave optical devices. Therefore the 

packaging of fiber array in V-groove by using UV adhesive is directed with the process description & 

challenges. The interfacial delamination at the adhesive-fiber interfaces due to uneven curing of UV 

adhesive is detected and described by using analytical ray tracing technique, which estimate the 

variation in light intensity or shadowing during the UV curing of adhesive. 

Optical splitter is another key passive optical component used for FTTH network. Since the 

packaged device is composed of many different materials, and therefore exhibits a great variation in 

physical & thermo-mechanical properties at different conditions. For example, it experienced different 

dimensions of elongation or contractions during the temperature variation due to CTE (Coefficient of 

Thermal Expansion) mismatch. As a result, significant stress was developed and introduced the 

misalignment, bending or even crack within the packages, which causes the degradation in the 

performances. Therefore, the effect of CTE mismatch in the consisting materials on the reliability of 

optical splitter was also investigated. The results were then confirmed by the numerical prediction 

using Finite Element Analysis. Finally, several important conclusions were drawn in manufacturing of 

optical splitter to increase the reliability. At the end, a series of our recently developed polymer optical 

waveguide devices are reported. These novel devices are essentially needed to effectively emerging 

the optical communication system in today’s technology. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Dr. Chan received his Ph.D degree in the field of integrated optics from the Electronic 

Department of the Chinese University of Hong Kong in 1991. In the same year, he 

joined the Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 

where he is currently the Laboratory Director of Optoelectronics Laboratory and 

Associate Professor of the Department. His current research interests are mainly in the 

design and fabrication of integrated optical devices, polymer waveguides and materials 

processing, photonic packaging. Dr. Chan is a member of OSA, SPIE and IEEE. He 

has published more than 110 papers in international journals and conferences. 

31

T. 16 

Photonics Research in Our State Key Lab 

Weisheng HU 


Email: wshu@sjtu.edu.cn 

ABSTRACT 

Our state key lab (SKL) was founded in 1995 and is ranked at the national level in photonics research 

in mainland China. The lab has two branches located in Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Beijing 

University, respectively. The lab performs inter-disciplinary researches categorized in three areas: 

(1) Advanced networks and services: e.g., intelligent optical network, packet-oriented optical 

switching and transportation, network collaboration, convergence and middleware, and broadband 

services (e.g., HDTV). 

(2) Optical transmission and high-speed interconnection: e.g., high-speed large-capacity WDM, 

optical access systems, free-space optical communications, radio over fiber, high-speed electronics, 

and optical inter-connection. 

(3) Opto-electronics: e.g., passive and active components, integrated optical devices, modules and 

subsystems based on new materials and processes, quantum communications, optical signal processing 

and sensor. 

In the past five years (2002-2006), the lab has made peering achievements. Highlighted five are below: 

(1) Multicasting optical network at Tb/s with a large-scale field trial in Yangtze River Delta region: 

115 DTVs is delivered at 6Mb/s and 1 DHTV at 25Mb/s to 30000 users. 

(2) Ultra high-speed transmission and signal generation: A loop of 40GX8 NRZ transmission over 

1200km was set up. We demonstrate 160-Gb/s modulation formats of CSRZ, pairwise alternating 

phase coded (PAP)-CSRZ, group-alternating-phase (GAP)-CSRZ, DPSK, phase-correlated RZ with 

vestigial sideband filtering, and generation of the CSRZ signal at 320 Gb/s. 

(3) Optical switching and grid with test-beds: Four test-beds are set up to demonstrate the OBS, OLS, 

time-domain wavelength interleave network, and optical grid, respectively. Particularly, we propose a 

time-space label switching protocol (TSL-SP) to bind the signaling and routing functions closely 

together. 

(4) Passive and active components. Examples are multi-wavelength (de)multiplexer, mechanical 

optical switch, EDFA, Raman fiber amplifier, transceiver at 2.5G, 10G and 40G. Some of them were 

transferred to industry. 

(5) New components for optical communication: Examples are tunable filtering and wavelength 

conversion on super-lattice PPLN, tunable optical fiber filters with magnetic fluids, two-pump OPA 

with two-sections, 160-line multi-wavelength generation, photonic crystal channel drop filter, 

measurement of optical parameters in waveguide. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Prof. Weisheng Hu is the director of the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical 

Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. He led the 

project of regional multicasting optical network in mainland China. His research 

activities include automatic switched optical network, ROADM, optical crossconnects, 

and optical packet switching. He is the author or coauthor of 120 peering 

journal and conference papers. 

32

W. 1 

Multi-waveleng th Lasing and Cascaded Mode Coupling in Optical Fibers 

Xiaoming LIU, Xue FENG, Qing WANG, Jianhui ZHAO 


Ema il: xiaoming@tsinghua.edu.cn 

ABSTRACT 

This talk includes two topics, related to the area of fiber optics and devices. 

Multi-wavelength Lasers are attractive because they have potential applications in WDM long haul 

communication system or WDM-PON access network. It is well known that erbium doped fiber (EDF) 

is a homogenous broaden gain media, so generally does not support multi-wavelength lasing. However, 

multi-wavelength lasing can be easily realized in fiber Raman laser. Via a set of experimental analysis, 

we point out that there is an “Inhomogeneous Loss” in fiber Raman laser, and this kind of loss is the 

main mechanism for multi-wavelength lasing. The inhomogeneous loss originates from line width 

broadening when the laser light passes through the gain fiber due to optical nonlinearity and then 

cutting down by the narrow bandwidth optical filter. The magnitude of inhomogeneous loss can be 

evaluated by the difference between the Raman power gain and peak gain. The key point is that, the 

loss value dependents only on the optical power at individual wavelength if the gain fiber and filter 

line width is chosen, independent from the laser line at other wavelengths, so it is inhomogeneous. 

With inhomogeneous loss induced, even homogenous gain media like EDF can support multimatching 

from the original mode to the final mode 

wavelength lasing at room temperature. 14-wavelength lasing by incorporating 10km DCF into an 

EDF laser cavity and 47-wavelength lasing by optimizing EDF+HNL-DSF ring cavity were 

demonstrated, respectively. 

Another interested topic in our group is fiber acousto-optic mode coupling, which leads to some 

potential applications such like optical filters, frequency shifters, modulators and attenuators. Although 

it is not difficult to derive out that acousto-optic mode coupling can happen between any two modes 

having adjacent azimuthal numbers, but all the reports in literature concentrated on the coupling from 

the lowest mode LP 01 into the anti-symmetric mode series LP 1n (n=1,2,3,4,5,6 ……). We demonstrated 

the mode coupling from LP 01 to LP 11 , then from LP 11 to LP 21 and LP 02 , respectively, by applying two 

acoustic waves simultaneously on a same fiber section. Here, each acoustic wave frequency satisfied 

the phase matching individually for each stage, so we called it “resonant cascaded acousto-optic mode 

coupling”. Our further studies indicate that, to excite cascaded mode coupling, resonant for each 

coupling stages is not necessary, but overall phase 

is required. As a special case, two acoustic waves at same frequency i.e. single acoustic wave may be 

good enough. We called them as “no-resonant” for the former and “degenerate” for the later. 

Experimental demonstration is performed under the degenerate condition for coupling from LP 01 to 

LP 21 and LP 02 . 

As for application, we performed a remote distributed strain/temperature sensing experiment based 

on multi-wavelength lasing by incorporating a non-zero dispersion shifted fiber (NR-DSF) into a EDF 

ring laser cavity. Filtering performance of cascaded mode coupling was studied and a band pass 

filtering is realized by using mode coupling of LP 01 -LP 11 with LP 01 -LP 12 cascaded in parallel. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Xiaoming Liu, Professor, graduated from Tsinghua University, Beijing, in 1970 and joined 

Tsinghua University in the same year. She visited Dept. EECS, UC Berkeley and Dept. 

ECE, UC Irvine in 1987-1989 and 1992-1994, respectively. Her current research interests 

are fiber devices and their applications. 

33

W. 2 

Development of Multiwavelength Fiber Lasers and Their Applications 

Hwa Yaw TAM 

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 

Email: eehytam@polyu.edu.hk 

ABSTRACT 

Multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber lasers (EDFLs) attract a lot of interest due to their potential 

applications as optical sources in DWDM fiber communication systems, fiber sensing, and optical 

component testing. Erbium-doped fiber (EDF) is a homogeneous gain medium and thus it is difficult 

to achieve stable multiwavelength oscillations at room temperature. In order to suppress mode 

competition, various techniques to attain multiwavelength lasing at room temperature have been 

proposed. Significant progress in this area has been reported in the past few years. In this talk, we 

will review recent reported works by others as well as our developments in multiwavelength fibre 

lasers. We will also discuss our work in the implementation of microwave photonic filter using an 

ultra-flat spectrum multiwavelength EDFLs. Microwave photonic filter (MPF) offer many advantages 

that are inherent to photonics such as high bandwidth, immunity to electromagnetic interferences, 

tunability, and reconfigurability. The advantages of implementing MPF using multiwavelength laser 

over other types of implementations that use incoherent light sources, multiple lasers, spectrum slicing 

of a broadband source or Fabry-Perot laser will also be discussed. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Hwayaw Tam, received the B.Sc. degree in 1985 and the Ph.D. in 1990 in 

Electrical and Electronic Engineering, both from The University of Manchester, 

UK. From 1989 to 1993 he was with Hirst Research Center, GEC-Marconi Ltd. 

in the UK, first as a Research Scientist, then as a Senior Research Scientist 

working on WDM systems and fiber amplifiers. He also worked briefly for 

Marconi-Italiana of Italy as a consultant on the design of optical fibre amplifiers 

for “multi-hop island” optical link, before joining the Department of Electrical 

Engineering of the Hong Kong Polytechnic in January 1993. 

Currently, he is a Chair Professor of Photonics at the Department of 

Electrical Engineering at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Prof. TAM is 

also the Director of the Photonics Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering at the same university. His 

current research interests are optical fiber amplifiers, fibre grating devices, fiber-optics sensors, 

polymer fibres, polymeric sensors, DWDM systems and all-optical signal processing. Prof. Tam has 

secured over HK$50 million research funds since 1995. He has published over 300 technical papers 

and holds eight patents in the areas of fiber-optics. Several of his inventions also won international 

awards. Prof. Tam is also very active in industrial R & D projects working with companies. 

34

W. 3 

All-Optical Clock Recovery using Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser 

Incorporating an Electro-Absorption Modulator and a Linear Optical 

Amplifier 

Lixin XU 1,2 , L. F. K. LUI, 1 P. K. A. WAI, 1 and H. Y. TAM 2 

1 University of Science and Technology of China, PRC, 2 The Hong Kong Polytechnic 

University, Hong Kong 

Email: xulixin@ustc.edu.cn 

ABSTRACT 

All-optical clock recovery circuit is a key component for system synchronization in all-optical 

communication systems. Several technologies including tank circuit, injection locking, all-optical 

phase-locked loop have been proposed to address this issue [1]. Among these technologies, injection 

locking in a fiber ring laser is a promising approach because of its capability to generate high-intensity 

ultrashort optical pulses [2]. 

We have demonstrated a simple clock recover circuit based on a fiber ring laser. The ring laser 

used is a recently demonstrated 10 GHz mode-locked fiber laser that incorporates an EAM, a linear 

optical amplifier (LOA), and an Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) [3]. The linearity of the LOA 

gain renders the laser system less susceptible to the transients due to the variations in the ambient 

conditions. Amplitude jitter of the mode-locked fiber ring laser output is therefore reduced. The mode 

locked laser can output about 2 ps pulses with very high stable peak power. Optical clock recovery is 

realized by replacing the external RF modulation of the EAM with a DC bias and injecting modulated 

data signal to the EAM. Mode locking of the laser is achieved by the injected optical data signal via 

cross-absorption of the saturated EAM. As a result, stable clock signals synchronized to the incoming 

data are generated. Experimental results show that our clock recovery system can operate at a bit rate 

of both 10 Gb/s and 40 Gb/s. 10 GHz stable optical clock with peak power of 200 mW and 

pulsewidth of 6 ps is obtained. Stable optical clock can still be observed when the input data rate 

varies within 3 MHz ( more than 60% of the fundamental frequency) without any optical tunable delay 

line inside the laser cavity. Recovered clock can operate at different output wavelengths and the 

timing jitter of the clock is less than 1 ps measured using an Optical Sampling Oscilloscope (OSO). 

The operating wavelength for the incoming data signal can cover the entire C-band. This is an 

important property especially for dynamic reconfigurable all optical networks. 

References: 

1. L. Pot", M. Luise and G. Prati, “Ultrafast optical clock recovery: towards a system perspective,” IEE Proc.-Circuits Devices Syst., Vol. 

150, No. 6, December 2003, pp. 506-511. 

2. H.Kurita, T.Shimizu, and H.Yokoyama, “All-optical clock extraction at bit rates up to 80 Gbit/s with monolithic mode-locked laser 

diodes”. Digest of CLEO’97, Vol.11, 1997, pp.96-96. 

3. Lixin Xu, L. F. K. Lui, P. K. A. Wai, H. Y. Tam,and M. S. Demokan, “10 GHz actively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber ring laser 

using an electro-absorption modulator and a linear optical amplifier” submitted to OFC 2006. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Lixin Xu, associated professor of University of Science and Technology of 

Chnia(USTC), he received the Ph.D degree in 2001 from USTC, and then he 

joined the Photonics institute of USTC. He visited The Hong Kong Polytechnic 

University from 2002 to 2005, where he worked on all-optical packet switching 

and fiber lasers. In 2005, he returned to the Photonics institute of USTC and 

conducted research in polymer fiber communications and fiber Lasers. 

35

W. 4 

All-optical Signal Processing with Tunable Filters and Semiconductor 

Optical Amplifiers 

Xinliang ZHANG and Dexiu HUANG 

Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PRC 

Email: xlzhang@mail.hust.edu.cn 

ABSTRACT 

Main research interests and advances related to all-optical signal processing in Wuhan National 

Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) are introduced. Ultrafast semiconductor optical amplifier 

(SOA), microring resonator, tunable fiber delay interferometer (DI) and related all-optical signal 

processing technologies are theoretical and experimental investigated in our group. Based on tunable 

fiber DI, many kinds of all-optical pattern conversion at 40Gb/s, such as NRZ-to-PRZ, DPSK-to-OOK, 

RZ-to-NRZ and CS-RZ-to-NRZ, were achieved. Combined with SOA-based fiber ring laser, alloptical 

clock recovery from DPSK signal was carried out. On all-optical wavelength conversion based 

on cross-gain modulation in SOA, detuning bandpass filter was exploited to improve its dynamic 

characteristics and its mechanism was analytical illustrated. 40Gb/s noninverted and inverted 

wavelength conversion for RZ signal with red-shifted and blue-shifted filter were experimental and 

theoretical investigated. All-optical half adder, full adder, NOR gate, AND gate, XOR gate and alloptical 

differential at 40Gb/s were demonstrated with cascaded SOA and detuning bandpass filter or 

fiber DI. Ultrafast dynamics and improving mechanisms of SOAs were theoretical analyzed and 

simulated. With the help of FDTD method and transfer matrix was exploited to analyze spectral 

response of microring resonator. Simultaneously, vertically coupled microring resonator is rigorously 

investigated by a combination of a 3D full vectorial film mode matching method with a 3D full 

vectorial coupled mode theory. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Dr. Xinliang Zhang received Ph.D degree from Huazhong University of 

Science and Technology (HUST) in 2001. Now he is a professor of Wuhan 

National laboratory for Optoelectronics in HUST. The main research topics are 

key devices and technologies for all-optical signal processing in next 

generation network. He has published or co-published 50 papers in 

international journals or conferences. 

36

W. 5 

System Performances of Slow Lights in Silicon Nano-Waveguide and Fiber 

Parametric Amplifier 

Yikai SU 


Email: yikaisu@sjtu.edu.cn 

ABSTRACT 

Tunable delay lines based on slow light are potential candidates for bit-synchronization and buffer 

applications in optical systems. Successful implementation will require the choice of proper operating 

conditions to achieve the maximum possible delay while simultaneously maintaining reasonable signal 

quality. Recently, simulations and experiments on this issue have been reported involving intensitymodulated 

signals including non-return-to-zero (NRZ) and return-to-zero (RZ) formats at data rates 

from 10 to 40 Gb/s. Slow light elements cause different phase changes to different spectral 

components of the signal, therefore the larger spectra of higher rate signals leads to more distortion, 

potentially causing a larger eye-opening penalty. Previously, we have experimentally investigated the 

system performance of delayed 10-Gb/s RZ data packets in the telecommunication window. In this 

paper, we study the slow-light delay-line performance of a Silicon nano waveguide and a fiber 

parametric amplifier (FPA) at 160 Gb/s for recently demonstrated phase-modulated formats including 

carrier-suppressed return-to-zero (CSRZ), pair-wise-alternating-phase (PAP) CSRZ, groupalternating-phase 

(GAP) CSRZ, RZ duobinary, RZ differential phase-shift-keying (DPSK), RZ 

differential quadrature-phase-shift-keying (DQPSK) as well as RZ on-off keying (OOK). 

BIOGRAPHY 

Yikai Su (M’01-SM’07) received the Ph.D. degree in EE from Northwestern 

University, Evanston, IL, in 2001. He was with Crawford Hill Laboratory of 

Bell Laboratories for three years before he joined the Shanghai Jiao Tong 

University, Shanghai, China in 2004. Currently he is a full professor and 

associate chair of the department of Electronic Engineering. His research areas 

cover nonlinear optical signal processing in waveguides and fibers, and ultrahigh-speed 

modulation formats in systems and networks. He has over 100 

publications including more than 30 IEEE Photonics Technology Letters papers 

and ~20 invited conference presentations. He holds 3 US patents with over 10 

US or Chinese patents pending. Prof. Su serves as a symposium co-chair of ChinaCom2007 and 

WOTE 2005, a Technical Committee Member of the Conference on Laser and Electro-Optics (CLEO) 

Pacific Rim (PR) 2007, IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) summer topical meeting 

2007 on ultra-high-speed transmission, 

IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) 

2005/2006/2007, the Asia-Pacific Optical Communications (APOC) Conference 2005, and the 

<strong>International</strong> Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) 2004. He is a reviewer 

of a large number of IEEE and OSA journals. 

37

W. 6 

Recent Advances in Fiber Optical Parametric Amplifiers 

Kenneth K. Y. WONG 

The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 

Email: kywong@eee.hku.hk 

ABSTRACT 

One of the most promising techniques in fiber optical communication is wavelength division 

multiplexing (WDM). By fully utilizing the large available low-loss (0.2 – 0.4 dB/km) transmission 

bandwidth (~300nm), a single fiber can potentially support tens of terabit per second of transmission 

over thousands of kilometers, to meet the exponentially growing capacity demand. One of the key 

components for deploying WDM systems is the optical amplifier. However, the conventional erbiumdoped 

fiber amplifier (EDFA) is limited by its bandwidth (~1530 – 1610nm). Thus, alternative types 

of optical amplifiers are investigated, and the fiber optical parametric amplifier (OPA) is definitely 

one of the most promising technologies. 

A fiber OPA relies on the third-order nonlinear susceptibility χ (3) of glass: a signal frequency at ω s 

will be amplified by a strong co-propagating pump at ω p in a fiber through this parametric process. 

Therefore, OPA may find applications as optical amplifiers in WDM transmission. Another frequency, 

called idler, will also be generated at ω i = 2ω p – ω s . This contains essentially the same modulation 

information as the input signal, but with an inverted spectrum. OPAs have sufficient performance to 

be of interest as amplifiers in optical fiber communication systems. In this presentation, we will go 

through few most recent development such as: (1) simultaneous all-optical inverted and non-inverted 

wavelength conversion; (2) all-optical wavelength conversion and multicasting; (3) reduction of 

WDM signal crosstalk in fiber OPA; (4) all-optical time division demultiplexing by pulsed pumping 

wavelength exchange. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Dr. Kenneth Kin-Yip Wong received combined B.E. (1 st class honor with 

medal award) degree in electrical engineering and B. S. degree in physics 

from the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, in 1997. He 

received the M.S. degree in 1998 and the Ph.D. degree in 2003, both in 

electrical engineering at Stanford University. He was a member of the 

Photonics and Networking Research Laboratory at Stanford University. 

His research field included DWDM systems, SCM optical systems, fiber 

nonlinearity, fiber optical parametric amplifiers, and photonic crystal 

fibers. He is author or coauthor of over 50 journal and conference papers. 

He worked in Hewlett-Packard Laboratories as research engineer and 

contributed in projects included parallel optics and VCSEL in 1998-99. 

He also worked as independent consultant in Innovation CORE (A Sumitomo Electric Company), CA, 

in 2004. 

He was the recipient of OSA New Focus Student Award and IEEE/LEOS Graduate Student 

Fellowship, both in 2003. He is the reviewer for Optics Letters, JOSA B, Optics Express, IEEE 

Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology, IEE Electronics Letters 

and Optics Communications. Dr. Wong is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of 

Electrical and Electronic Engineering in the University of Hong Kong. He is a member of the SPIE, 

IEEE, and IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optic Society (LEOS). 

38

W. 7 

Implementation and Performance of Optical Minimum-Shift Keying 

Chao LU 1 , Jinyu MO 2 , Yang Jing WEN 2 , Yi DONG 3 , Yixin WANG 2 

1 The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 2 Institute for Infocomm Research, A- 

STAR, Singapore, 3 Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Shanghai Jiao Tong 

University, PRC 

Email: enluchao@polyu.edu.hk 

ABSTRACT 

Many different modulation formats have been studied for high capacity optical transmission systems. 

The main objectives of adopting the new modulations formats are to improve spectral efficiency, CD 

tolerance, PMD tolerance and nonlinearity tolerance. In particular, NRZ-DPSK and its variant RZ- 

DPSK have attracted much attention for their good nonlinearity tolerance as well as better CD and 

PMD tolerance than their amplitude modulated counterparts. However, abrupt phase change between 

two subsequent bits has not only increased spectral width of the signal but also has strong implication 

on nonlinear tolerance in transmission systems. Effort has been made to reduce phase change 

from π to π/2 to reduce spectral side lobe for better tolerance to filtering as well as providing smaller 

amplitude variation in the presence of dispersion. To achieve truly constant amplitude with continue 

phase changes at bit transitions, minimum shift keying (MSK) should be implemented. Due to its 

compact spectrum and continuous phase, robustness against inter-symbol-interference (ISI) arising 

from tight optical filtering, tolerance to nonlinearity as well dispersion will be expected. 

In this presentation, various schemes for implementing the modulation format as well as property 

and transmission system performance optimization will be discussed. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Chao Lu obtained his BEng in Electronic Engineering from Tsinghua 

University, China in 1985, and his MSc and PhD from University of 

Manchester (UMIST) in 1987 and 1990 respectively. He joined the School of 

Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 

Singapore as Lecturer in 1991 and has been a lecturer, Senior Lecturer and 

Associate Professor there until April 2006. From June 2002 to December 2005, 

he was seconded to the Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, 

Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, as Program Director and 

then Department Manager, helping to establish a research group in the area of 

optical communication and fibre devices. He joined the Department of 

Electronic and Information Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University as Professor in 2006. His 

research interests are in the areas of optical communication systems and networks, fibre devices and 

microwave photonics. 

39

W. 8 

Nu merical Study of APSK Format and Its Improvement by Zero-Nulling 

Method 

Hidenori TAGA 

National Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan 

Email: hidenoritaga@mail.nsysu.edu.tw 

ABSTRACT 

Transmission performance of amplitude and phase shift keying (APSK) format was studied 

theoretically using a numerical simulator. The extinction ratio of the ASK caused a trade-off of the 

performance, because the PSK information on the space level of the ASK information suffered 

degradation when the extinction ratio was high. To compromise the performance of the ASK and the 

PSK, zero-nulling method was proposed and its effectiveness was confirmed through the simulation. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Hidenori Taga was born in Tokyo, Japan on April 24, 1962. He received the 

B.E. and Dr. Eng. degrees in electronics engineering from the University of 

Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan in 1986 and 1998, respectively. 

In 1988, he joined Kokusai Denshin Denwa (KDD) R&D Laboratories, Tokyo, 

Japan, where he had engaged in research of the undersea optical fiber 

communication systems employing optical amplifier repeaters. 

In 1998, he moved to KDD Submarine Cable Systems Inc., Tokyo, Japan, 

where he had engaged in development of the undersea optical fiber 

communication systems using wavelength division multiplexing technology. 

In 2006, he moved to National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 

R.O.C. where he has been engaging in research and education of the optical 

fiber communication systems and technologies. 

Prof. Taga is a member of Institute of Electronics, Information, and Communication Engineers in 

Japan. 

40

W. 9 

All-Optical NRZ-to-RZ Data Format Conversion and Decision Gating 

Based on Semiconductor Optical Amplifier 

Gong-Ru LIN 


Email: grlin@ntu.edu.tw 

ABSTRACT 

All-optical conversion between nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) and return-to-zero (RZ) data-streams has 

received much interest recently due to its important application in interfacial linking the High-speed 

OTDM networks and low-speed access network. Typically, all-optical format conversion between RZ 

and NRZ can be realized using versatile devices such as nonlinear optical loop mirrors, dualwavelength 

injection locking, ultrafast polarization bistable vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers 

(VCSELs), semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs), SOA-based interferometric devices, and 

injection-locked Fabry-Perot laser diode at unlasing condition. Among them, the SOA is a frequently 

used device to achieve NRZ-to-RZ conversion can be achieved via either four-wave mixing (FWM) or 

direct electrical modulation technologies. Recently, the SOA-based fiber ring laser with the backward 

dark-optical-comb injection was demonstrated. The advantage of the backward injection is that no 

optical filter is required to separate the mode-locked signal from optical modulation signal and the 

dark-optical comb injection is beneficial for mode-locking. In this work, we present a NRZ-to-RZ 

data format converter at bit rate up to 10 Gbits/s by using a dark-optical-comb-pulse-injected 

semiconductor optical amplifier. The proposed scheme exploits both optical dark-optical-comb pulse 

injection and cross-gain modulation (XGM) technique. Such a cross-gain-modulation (XGM) based 

data format converter is simple to implement and has shown impressive performance, including large 

operation bandwidth, high extinction ratio, low bit error rate and reduced (negative) power penalty. 

Compared with the me thods using FWM and XPM techniques, our proposed method only needs a 

periodic dark-optical-comb pulse train and a semiconductor optical amplifier to buildup the whole 

optical format converter. a straightforward application of such a configuration in re-timing, re-shaping, 

and re-amplifying (3R) modules. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Prof. Gong-Ru Lin received his Ph. D degree of Electro-Optical Engineering 

from Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering at National Chiao Tung 

University in 1996, where he worked on ultrafast lasers and optoelectronics. 

He became an Associate Professor in 2002 and promoted as a full Professor 

with the same institute in 2004, with his professionalism in 

microwave/millimeter-wave photonic phase-locked loops and ultrafast modelocked 

fiber lasers. Prof. Lin is currently a professor with the Graduate 

Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering and Department of Electrical 

Engineering, National Taiwan University. His interests shift to silicon 

nanophotonics, all-optical data format processors and WDM-PON systems. 

Prof. Lin is currently the senior member (since 2004) and Vice chair (since 2007) of the IEEE/LEOS 

Taipei Chapter. He has also served on the <strong>International</strong> Society for Photo-Optical Engineering (SPIE) 

as regular member (since 1998), award committee (since 2003), secretary (since 2004) and Vice chair 

(since 2006) of Taiwan Chapter. His work has also been recognized by the ultrafast community and 

was recently awarded the 2000 Tien Jea Bien Young Scholar Prize by the Optical Engineering Society 

of Republic of China for outstanding achievement in the field of Photonics by the age of 34. In 2004, 

Prof. Lin and co-authors received the Third Best Scientific and Technical Paper Award from the Far 

Eastern Y. Z. Hsu Science & Technology Memorial Foundation of Republic of China. In 2005, Prof. 

Lin just received the Award of Outstanding Youth Electrical Engineer from SIEE and the Young 

Scholar Research Award from NCTU in Taiwan. 

41

W. 10 

Nonlinear Optical Processing of DPSK Communication Signals 

Chester C.T. SHU 


Email: ctshu@ee.cuhk.edu.hk 

ABSTRACT 

In this talk, we report our recent studies on the processing of differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) 

signals using nonlinear fiber and semiconductor-based elements. The specialty fibers we used include 

photonic crystal fiber and bismuth oxide fiber, while SOA and SOA-MZI monolithically integrated 

with a sampled-grating DBR laser are also used. The demonstrated processing work includes widely 

tunable all-optical wavelength conversion, high-capacity wavelength multicast, phase noise and 

amplitude noise reduction, and optically controlled variable delay line. Results on all-optical signal 

regeneration and wavelength conversion of multi-bit per symbol ASK/DPSK signals will also be 

presented. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Chester Shu received his Ph.D. degree in applied physics from Columbia 

University, New York, USA, in 1991. After graduation, he worked on 

integrated electro-optic modulators and waveguides on polymeric thin films at 

Connexus Corporation, Bothell, Washington. In 1992, he joined the Chinese 

University of Hong Kong and later became a Professor. He has published over 

200 journal and conference papers and is a contributing author of the book 

Quantum Well Lasers (New York: Academic Press, 1993). His current research 

interest includes all-optical signal processing for fiber communications, 

advanced modulation formats, tunable and multiwavelength laser sources, and 

innovative solutions for photonic packaging. 

Professor Shu is a topical editor of Optics Letters in the area of Optical Fiber Communications and 

an associate editor of HKIE Transactions. He serves in the technical committees of many conferences 

including the Optical Fiber Communications Conference, the LEOS winter topical meeting, 

<strong>International</strong> Conference on Polymer Optical Fiber, <strong>International</strong> Conference on Optical 

Communications and Networks, and the Asia-Pacific Microwave Photonics Conference. Currently, 

Professor Shu is the chapter chairman of IEEE LEOS Hong Kong. 

42

W. 11 

Convergence of Phase Noise in DPSK Transmission Systems by Novel 

Phase Noise Averagers 

Jyehong CHEN 

National Chiao-Tung University, Taiwan 

Email: jchen@mail.nctu.edu.tw 

ABSTRACT 

This investigation proposes a novel alloptical phase noise averager to reduce residual phase noise in 

the differential phaseshift keying (DPSK) transmission system with phasepreserving amplitude 

regenerators. The proposed phase noise averager is based on a phasesensitive amplifier but does not 

require an extra phaselocking optical pump beam. It can increase the correlation between the phase 

noises of neighboring bits and greatly reduce the differential phase noise in the transmission system. 

Independently of the cascaded spans, analytical analysis demonstrates that, in the DPSK system with 

repeated averagers, the total differential phase noise will be less than that before the first averager. 

Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are carried out and confirm the significant improvement 

of DPSK signals using the proposed novel phase noise averagers. 

BIOGRAPHY 

Jyehong Chen received his BS and MS degree in Electrical Engineering from 

National Taiwan University, Taiwan, in 1988 and 1990 respectively and the 

Ph.D degree in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from University 

of Maryland Baltimore County, Maryland, USA, in 1998. 

He joined JDSU in 1998 as senior engineer and obtained 10 U.S. patents in 2 

years. Later he worked as filed application engineer responsible for developing 

next generation optical transport system for customers such as Lucent, Tyco 

submarine, Nortel networks and CIENA. He joined the faculty of National 

Chiao Tung University in 2003, where he is currently an assistant professor in 

the Institute of Electro‐Optical Engineering. 

His current research emphases are in the areas of optical fiber communication devices, systems and 

network architecture. Listed below are the research projects that are currently being working on. The 

research highlights includes 

1. A Reconfigurable add/drop multiplexer (ROADM) for Metro area network application. 

2. High‐performance Optical Packet‐Switched Metro Network (cooperation with Prof. Maria Yuang 

at NCTU). 

3. New optical modulation format and optical signal processing. 

4. Phase noise average for DPSK transmission system 

43

W. 12 

Contact Information 

email : 

sfyeung@ee.cuhk.edu.hk 

Address : Room 404, Ho Sin Hang Engineering Building 


Shatin, N.T. 

Hong Kong 

Tel : (852)26098270 

Fax: (852)26035558 

44

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