Architect 2014-07.pdf

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94 ARCHITECT JULY <strong>2014</strong> Embodied Carbon Footprint Comparisons Construction Concrete Steel and rebar Timber Total Standard Materials Timber Tower DeWitt Chestnut 0 20 40 60 80 ( lb./s.f. ) Sustainable Material Options (60% cement replacement in concrete; air-dried timber) Timber Tower DeWitt Chestnut ( lb./s.f. ) 0 20 40 60 80 ( lb./s.f. ) Timber Tower vs. DeWitt Chestnut 78% lower carbon emissions 60–75% smaller embodied carbon footprint 6,000 more cubic feet of materials 55% lighter building weight ROB SALL
95 HONORABLE MENTION SOM associate and engineer Benton Johnson estimates that a 42-story timber tower would be 55 percent lighter and emit 78 percent less carbon than its concrete-tube constructed counterpart. SKIDMORE, OWINGS & MERRILL BELIEVES THAT A HIGH-RISE MADE OF ENGINEERED WOOD WOULD BE BETTER FOR THE ENVIRONMENT. NOW THEY HAVE TO CONVINCE EVERYONE ELSE. In a world where reinforced concrete and steel-framed buildings dominate in commercial construction, a timber tower may sound like an architectural oddity. But to Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM), it represents a new type of high-rise that has a 60 to 75 percent smaller embodied carbon footprint than conventional structures. The Timber Tower Research Project, spearheaded by associate and engineer Benton Johnson, lays out a preliminary structural design of a hypothetical 42-story tower built of mass timber columns and panels alongside reinforced concrete wall joints, spandrel beams, and link beams. “It’s an engineering tour de force,” juror Bill Kreysler said. “With wood, you can select shapes that are optimized for the structure.” Johnson contends that manufactured timber products such as cross-laminated timber (CLT) and glued laminated timber (glulam) are roughly as strong as reinforced concrete, provided that the timber is loaded correctly and used in conjunction with concrete or steel joints. “Wood is strongest when it’s loaded in compression, parallel to the grain,” he says. The payoff is that timber is a more sustainable building material than the alternatives. It absorbs carbon while Floor System Model growing, takes significantly less energy to manufacture than concrete or steel, and it can be responsibly harvested and replenished. To underscore the point, Johnson modeled and estimated that the hypothetical timber tower would be 55 percent lighter and emit 78 percent less carbon than a comparable 42-story, conventionally constructed tower modeled after Chicago’s Dewitt Chestnut Apartments, also designed by SOM. Now called the Plaza on Dewitt, the concrete-tube structure was a benchmark of efficient construction at its 1965 completion. Juror Mimi Love said the Timber Tower Research Project was a “strong proposal based on sustainable performance.” But, like the other jurors, she felt that the submission needed to address the crucial issue of fire safety and building codes. Jonson acknowledges that he is no fire engineer, but he believes that a timber tower could be designed to be sufficiently fire resistant. When exposed to fire, timber, unlike wood, chars on its surface and forms an insulating layer around the core material, retaining some structural integrity. In other words, he says, the timber structure wouldn’t even need an applied coat of fireproofing. Reinforced concrete spandrel beam Solid timber shear walls Solid 8"-thick floor panels Reinforced linear concrete beams Built-up timber columns Reinforced concrete wall joint Timber framing within core ARCHITECT JULY <strong>2014</strong> WWW.ARCHITECTMAGAZINE.COM
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