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Journal of Asian and African Studies, No.
text books were initially written by the Dutch, then in collaboration by the Dutch and
Sundanese, and finally by the Sundanese themselves. Until early th century, Sundanese
writing can be classified into three categories, namely () those derived from Sundanese
oral traditions, () translations or adaptations of literature in other languages
(Javanese, Malay, Dutch), and () original works. )
As a result, since early th century, the Sundanese youth have turned their interest
in reading materials and cultural life from the language and culture of the Javanese to
those of the Sundanese. In the past, reading materials in Javanese script and language
representing Javanese culture were considered a sign of high education and civilization
in the Sundanese social environment (Ardiwinata, , , Djoeni , pp.–).
.. e Socio-cultural Organization
... Establishment
A more comprehensive revival of identity under the initiative of the Sundanese
people themselves was brought about through the establishment of an association
or organization, in this case the Paguyuban Pasundan. e birth date of Paguyuban
Pasundan had become a problematic issue in the circle of the organization itself, the
Sundanese public, and historians, which caused changes in opinion. In three of the
books commemorating the anniversary of Paguyuban Pasundan published before the
war (prior to ), ) there is no clear mention of the exact date of the founding of
this organization except a mere reference to the year . Apparently, then it was not
a significant issue. What matters was the function of the commemoration as a means
to encourage the dynamics and promotion of the organization. Only later, following
Indonesian independence did determination of the date come to be regarded as
something important and meaningful. ) According to Memed Erawan, ) initially the
anniversary of Paguyuban Pasundan was observed on December taken from the date
of the decree of the Governor-General of the Dutch Indies, recognising and validat-
) Examples of these books are: Soendaneesch Spelboekje (Sundanese Reader) by G.J. Grashuis (),
Soengkeman: Boekoe Batjaan (Dedication: a Reader) collectively by W. Keizer and Moehamad Rais
(), Elmoening Basa (Language Learning) by D.K. Ardiwinata () Sundanese language
text books; Mangle: Roepa-roepa Tjarita reudjeung Tjonto Pikeun Sakola Soenda (Anthology: Various
Stories and Samples for Sundanese Schools) by W. van Gelder (), Tjarita Erman (e
Story of Erman) translated from the Dutch by R. Ajoe Lasminingrat (), and Baroeang ka
Noe Ngarora (Poison to the Young) original work by D.K. Ardiwinata () as literary works.
) e three books referred to here were published in commemoration of the th , th , and th
anniversaries of Paguyuban Pasundan entitled Herdenking Pagoejoeban Pasoendan, Pangemoetngemoet
kana Ngadegna Pagoejoeban Pasoendan Doea Poeloeh Taoen, and Gedenkboek Pasoendan
Tahoen respectively issued in , , and . In the commemorative book of the th
anniversary it is mentioned by the Hoofdbestuur (Central Board) that the organization was established
in and the statute validated by the government in . However, was the
commemoration of the th anniversary meaning that the Central Board viewed the establishment
of the organization to be , that is the time when the organization was recognised as a
legal body with the validation of the statute by the government.
) Perhaps the change in viewpoint was prompted by the stipulation on the establishment of Budi
Utomo on May as the National Revival Day nationally celebrated each year since .