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The water sector is plagued by weak institutions, which often lack democracy, political will, trained human capacity, and sufficient financial support. 102 important components of water-related peace and conflict assessments. The final three chapters of Water Security and Peace provide a rather unorganized collection of lessons learned and recommendations. While they include some important points— for example, implementing transboundary cooperation requires coherent national water policies—the chapters awkwardly jump from one issue to the next, making for a difficult read. They do, however, reiterate the collection’s main point: institutions are critical. But what do effective institutions look alike? The third volume in the PCCP series, Institutions for International Freshwater Management, systematically describes 19 institutions managing international river basins, lakes, and aquifers (Burchi & Spreij, 2003). Although it provides a valuable overview of different institutional designs, it does not draw any conclusions about the actual functioning of these institutions, as it is based mainly on treaties, conventions, and agreements, and therefore has very little information on whether the institutions have enough funds, human resources, and technical capacity to be effective. Recognizing these limitations, Eric Mostert’s well-structured desk study Conflict and Co-operation in the Management of International Freshwater Resources: A Global Review (2003) examines 23 international freshwater resources and concludes that “well-designed institutions deliver positive effects” and intergovernmental commissions can promote cooperation. His list of 54 lessons includes recommendations for effective institutional design and appropriate negotiation processes. He acknowledges that some of these lessons lack supporting case study evidence and recommends that further research examine the effectiveness of individual institutions. I hoped that the PCCP case studies would provide this empirical evidence, but unfortunately, each focuses on a different aspect of cooperation, thus preventing cross-basin comparisons. The PCCP series could have contributed greatly to the field if it had used a common organizing principle like Mostert’s theoretical framework for the case studies (interestingly, Mostert uses only two of the PCCP case studies—the Rhine and the Aral Sea—to draw his conclusions). Another quibble: although it does include a few familiar basins like the Incomati, the series mostly covers the usual suspects, such as the often-studied Rhine, Jordan, Nile, Danube, Aral Sea, and Mekong basins. The entire series could have offered more insights into “the intricate and interdependent links between water, security, and peace,” as stated in a PCCP brochure (UNESCO & GCI, 2003, page 15), if it were better organized. A more clearly arranged table of contents, for example, would have made it easier to understand the topics covered in each volume. Due to these shortcomings, I believe the PCCP series ultimately fails to fully achieve its noble objective: to provide people from different disciplines with a concise collection of background information, lessons learned, and tools to understand and enhance transboundary water cooperation. Notes 1. See http://www.unesco.org/water/wwap/ pccp/index.shtml for more information. 2. See http://webworld.unesco.org/water/wwap/ pccp/cd/case_studies.html to download the PCCP and the Green Cross International case studies. 3. Clingendael is the Netherlands Institute of International Relations; see http://www.clingendael.nl/ for more information. 4. The FEWER network, now defunct, was an independent global network of organizations committed to preventing conflict by providing early warning. References Burchi, Stefano & Spreij, Melvin (2003). Institutions for international freshwater management (PCCP Series No. 3). Paris: UNESCO. Hassan, Fekri A. (2003). “Water management and early civilizations: From cooperation to conflict.” In F.A. Hassan, Martin Reuss, Julie Trottier, Christoph Bernhardt, Aaron T. Wolf, Jennifer Mohamed- Katerere, & Pieter van der Zaag (Eds.), History and future of shared water resources (PCCP Series No. 6). Paris: UNESCO. Mostert, Eric. (2003). Conflict and cooperation in the management of international freshwater resources: A global review (PCCP Series No. 19). Paris: ECSP REPORT • ISSUE 10 • 2004
UNESCO. Shamir, Yona. (2003). Alternative dispute resolution approaches and their application. (PCCP Series No. 7). Paris: UNESCO. Tamas, Pal. (2003). Water resources scarcity and conflict: Review of applicable indicators and systems of reference (PCCP Series No. 21). Paris: UNESCO. UNESCO & GCI. (2003). From potential conflict to cooperation potential: Water for peace- Prevention and resolution of water related conflicts [Program Brochure]. Paris: UNESCO and Green Cross International. van der Zaag, Pieter & Jennifer Mohamed-Katerere. (2003). “Untying the ‘knot of silence’: Making water policy and law responsive to local normative systems.” In F.A. Hassan, et al. (Eds.), History and future of shared water resources (PCCP Series No. 6). Paris: UNESCO. Vinogradov, Sergei, Patricia Wouters, & Patricia Jones. (2003). Transforming potential conflict into cooperation potential: The role of international water (PCCP Series No. 2). Paris: UNESCO. Wolf, Aaron T. (2003). “Conflict and cooperation: Survey of the past and reflection for the future.” In F.A. Hassan et al. (Eds.), History and future of shared water resources (PCCP Series No. 6). Paris: UNESCO. Wolf, Aaron T., Shira B. Yoffe, & Mark Giordano. (2003). International waters: Indicators for identifying Basins at Risk (PCCP Series No. 20). Paris: UNESCO. 103 NEW PUBLICATIONS
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ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND SECURITY P
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ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND SECURITY P
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CONTENTS Foreword 1 ECSP at 10 Geof
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FOREWORD security is the disarmamen
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COMMENTARY The Next Steps for Envir
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departments, balance participation
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2004/10/08/dabelko-maathai/ Dalby,
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Countries that are overwhelmed by e
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can see the consequences of ecologi
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and deprivation. But what about the
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The EU is heading in the right dire
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UN’s regular budget for 2003, whe
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COMMENTARY • The Next Steps for E
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unless the Central Asian states div
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Mediterranean Coastal Aquifer.” W
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tion (i.e., with lower birth and de
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civil conflict. The authors focus o
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California Press. Hoge, Warren. (20
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New models and technology address P
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Table: Challenges in addressing pop
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ecognize the importance of the issu
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work’s effects vary across time a
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programs, so that specialists in th
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Net: http://www.cogsci.princeton.ed
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SPECIAL REPORT Population, Developm
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1000 live births, and the mortality
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sectoral approaches, such as invest
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implementation (Federal Ministry of
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Page 59 and 60: U.N. flag (Credit: Corbis) Referenc
Page 61 and 62: ather than negotiated solutions (e.
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Page 65 and 66: currently add up to more than $800
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Page 73 and 74: POLICY BRIEF • The United Nations
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Page 83 and 84: American Economic Review 91, 1369-1
Page 85 and 86: lations. For example, agricultural
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Page 89 and 90: One With Nineveh begins with an ove
Page 91 and 92: Red Sky at Morning: America and the
Page 93 and 94: Fund, NRDC, and other enviros foste
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Page 101 and 102: Sparing Nature: The Conflict Betwee
Page 103 and 104: Declaration on Environment and Deve
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Page 111 and 112: World Population Policies, 2004 UND
Page 113: The University of Michigan Populati
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