AP Test 2--chapter 4/Cells - University City Schools

Name: ______________________ Class: _________________ Date: _________
ID: A
AP Test 2--chapter 4/Cells
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1 Evidence that all living cells have a common origin is provided by:
A. the cell theory, which states that the cell is the basic unit of life.
B. the fact that all new cells come from previously existing cells.
C. the fact that cells are the building blocks of the most complex plants.
D. basic similarities in cell structure and chemistry.
E. the fact that cells are the smallest units that can carry out all life activities.
2 It is advantageous for cells to be small because:
A. a small cell size prevents a cell from weighing too much.
B. a small cell size occupies less space in nature where space is limited.
C. a small cell has a small volume relative to surface area, thereby increasing efficient
transport.
D. a small cell has a small surface area relative to volume, thereby facilitating ion
balance.
E. a small cell is better able to conserve energy than a larger cell.
Figure 4-1
Use the figure below to answer the corresponding question(s).
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3 Which of the following statements about Figure 4-1 is true?
A. Figure B has a greater surface area than Figure A.
B. Figure B has a greater volume than Figure A.
C. Figure B has a smaller volume than Figure A.
D. Figure B has a greater surface area to volume ratio than Figure A.
E. Figure B has a smaller surface area to volume ratio than Figure A.
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Name: ______________________
ID: A
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4 Based on your knowledge of basic geometric relationships, the actual surface area to volume ratio
for Figure B in Figure 4-1 is:
A. 0.01.
B. 0.06.
C. 100.
D. 1,000.
E. This cannot be determined from the information provided.
5 One strategy that allows larger cells to have an effective surface area to volume ratio is:
A. having a completely spherical shape.
B. being short and fat.
C. having thin, finger-like projections.
D. having a thinner plasma membrane.
E. locomotion.
6 The ratio of the size of the image seen with the microscope to the actual size of the object is called:
A. magnification.
B. resolution.
C. resolving power.
D. centrifugation.
E. fractionation.
7 Differential centrifugation is a process that:
A. separates different components based on function.
B. separates components of the cell based on chemistry.
C. analyzes the chemical components of the cell.
D. separates components of the cell based on densities.
E. allows researchers to see inside of a cell.
8 A eukaryotic cell:
A. is usually smaller than a prokaryotic cell.
B. has its DNA concentrated in one area of the cell without a nuclear membrane.
C. typically has a cell wall, in addition to a plasma membrane.
D. is exemplified by bacteria.
E. has a variety of membranous organelles.
9 Membrane-bounded organelles facilitate faster chemical reactions because:
A. reactants are within close proximity to each other.
B. membranes lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions.
C. membrane-bounded organelles act as catalysts for biochemical reactions.
D. reactants move faster within membrane-bounded organelles.
E. reactants are less likely to encounter each other within membrane-bounded
organelles.
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Name: ______________________
ID: A
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10 Which of the following structures or activities is NOT directly part of the endomembrane system?
A. budding
B. lysosomes
C. ribosomes
D. peroxisomes
E. Golgi complex
11 DNA is associated with proteins, forming a complex called:
A. chromosomes.
B. nucleoli.
C. nucleus.
D. genes.
E. chromatin.
12 Nucleoli (singular-nucleolus) contain chromosomal regions that specialize in making:
A. proteins.
B. RNA for the building of ribosomes.
C. basal bodies.
D. lipids.
E. hormones.
13 A single cell in a smoker's lung has become cancerous. It doubles its DNA and divides much faster
than a normal lung cell. The most likely change that would have caused this condition took place in
the:
A. nucleus.
B. nucleolus.
C. microtubule.
D. mitochondria.
E. lysosome.
14 If a toxin, such as a bacterial toxin, destroys ribosomes, what cellular activity will be affected first?
A. protein synthesis
B. DNA synthesis
C. movement
D. energy storage
E. active transport
15 The smooth endoplasmic reticulum:
A. is absent in most plant cells.
B. synthesizes proteins.
C. provides structural support.
D. synthesizes lipids.
E. is required for ribosome synthesis.
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Name: ______________________
ID: A
Figure 4-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
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16 Refer to Figure 4-2. The cellular structure indicated by the arrow is responsible for:
A. lipid and fatty acid metabolism.
B. protein synthesis.
C. digestion of unused organelles.
D. replication.
E. None of these.
17 Which of the following functions would most likely be occurring in the structure surrounded by
the box in Figure 4-2?
A. apoptosis
B. dynein movement
C. formation of hydrogen peroxide
D. protein modification
E. cholesterol synthesis
18 Proteins made on ribosomes may be further modified within the:
A. lysosomes.
B. nucleus.
C. mitochondria.
D. Golgi complex.
E. peroxisomes.
19 The cis face (closest to nucleus) of the Golgi complex is most directly involved in which of the
following?
A. packaging molecules in vesicles
B. accepting vesicles from the ER
C. synthesizing proteins
D. transporting molecules out of the Golgi
E. catalyzing the efficient folding of proteins
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Name: ______________________
ID: A
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20 The __________ can be considered a sorting, processing and packaging center.
A. centriole
B. centrosome
C. Golgi complex
D. vacuole
E. cytoskeleton
21 During an infection, white blood cells travel to the infected site and phagocytize the pathogens.
After phagocytosis, primary lysosomes fuse with the phagocytic vesicle to form a larger vesicle
called a secondary lysosome. The reason for this is:
A. to introduce antibodies to the phagocytic vesicles.
B. to wrap the pathogen in additional membrane, rendering them harmless.
C. to coat the bacteria in lipids derived from the Golgi complex, which cover and
smother them.
D. to mix the pathogens with strong hydrolytic enzymes and destroy them.
E. to prepare the bacteria for export from the body.
22 All of the following functions are performed by plant vacuoles EXCEPT:
A. maintaining hydrostatic (turgor) pressure.
B. waste storage and recycling.
C. storage of proteins.
D. breakdown of unneeded cellular materials.
E. storage of nucleic acids.
23 One function of peroxisomes involves the process of:
A. cell death.
B. water storage.
C. protein synthesis.
D. DNA replication.
E. detoxification.
24 The theory that chloroplasts and mitochondria had their evolutionary beginnings in eukaryotic cells
as endosymbionts is supported by all of the following EXCEPT:
A. chloroplasts and mitochondria are completely autonomous within eukaryotic cells.
B. chloroplasts and mitochondria have DNA.
C. chloroplasts and mitochondria have small ribosomes for protein synthesis.
D. chloroplasts and mitochondria are approximately the same size as prokaryotic cells.
E. chloroplasts and mitochondria have the same shape as prokaryotic cells.
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Name: ______________________
ID: A
Figure 4-3
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
____ 25 The organelle featured in Figure 4-3:
A. is present in a few prokaryotes.
B. is the major site of protein synthesis in the cell.
C. plays a vital role in packaging materials to be secreted.
D. plays a central role in energy metabolism.
E. is located in the nucleus.
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26 The structures indicated by the arrows in Figure 4-3 are:
A. intermembrane space.
B. grana.
C. cristae.
D. matrices.
E. plastids.
27 The main process that occurs at the site of the structures marked by arrows in Figure 4-3 is:
A. protein synthesis.
B. photosynthesis.
C. conversion of food molecules to ATP.
D. processing and packaging of proteins.
E. transcription.
28 Which of the following organelles plays an important role in apoptosis, or programmed cell death?
A. ribosomes
B. mitochondria
C. chloroplasts
D. vacuoles
E. peroxisomes
29 A cellular structure found in plant but not animal cells is the:
A. chloroplast.
B. ribosome.
C. endoplasmic reticulum.
D. microtubule.
E. microfilament.
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Name: ______________________
ID: A
Figure 4-4
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
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30 Refer to Figure 4-4. If you treated this organelle to remove ONLY the chlorophyll, which label
indicates the portion of the organelle that would be most directly affected by this treatment?
A. A (stroma)
B. B (outer membrane)
C. C (inner membrane)
D. D (thylakoid)
E. E (granum)
____ 31 The formation of carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water occurs in the portion of Figure 4-4
labeled:
A. A (stroma)
B. B (outer membrane)
C. C (inner membrane)
D. D (thylakoid)
E. E (granum)
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32 Which of the following structures would not be found in cells of a plant's roots?
A. mitochondria
B. chloroplasts
C. endoplasmic reticulum
D. nucleus
E. Golgi complex
33 Which of the following is a key component of the cytoskeleton?
A. centrosome
B. microtubules
C. DNA
D. ribosomes
E. endoplasmic reticulum
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Name: ______________________
ID: A
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34 Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?
A. chloroplast!storage of enzymes
B. lysosome!powerhouse of the cell
C. centrosome!cell division
D. plastids!structural support of the cell
E. Golgi complex!production of energy
35 Which of the following is/are not associated with mitochondria?
A. cristae
B. aerobic respiration
C. apoptosis
D. free radicals
E. thylakoids
36 Which of the following statements concerning centrioles is FALSE?
A. They are present in most animal cells but not most plant cells.
B. They are duplicated before cell division.
C. They have a 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules.
D. They are found in the nucleus.
E. They are thought to play a role in microtubule assembly.
37 The structures in the micrograph are:
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A. chloroplasts.
B. cilia.
C. rough ER.
D. flagella.
E. B or D.
38 Which of the following is NOT a cell covering or part of a cell covering?
A. glycocalyx
B. extracellular matrix
C. cristae
D. cell wall
E. integrins
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Name: ______________________
ID: A
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39 A plasma membrane is characteristic of:
A. all cells. D. animal cells only.
B. prokaryotic cells only. E. eukaryotic cells except plant cells.
C. eukaryotic cells only.
40 In eukaryotic cells, DNA is found in:
A. chromosomes. D. a, b, and c.
B. chromatin. E. a and b.
C. mitochondria.
Short Answer
41 Compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Feel free to use diagrams in your explanation.
42 Discuss the benefits of compartmentalization. Be as specific as possible, using examples to best
support your answer.
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Name: ______________________
ID: A
Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
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Write the letters in the boxes, next to the numbers to label the parts of this cell. ON LINE 43,
WRITE ANIMAL OR PLANT.
A. mitochondrion E. chromatin
B. nuclear envelope F. nucleolus
C. plasma membrane G. centriole
D. golgi body H. lysosome
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Name: ______________________
ID: A
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Write the letters in the boxes, next to the numbers to label the parts of this cell. ON LINE 43,
WRITE ANIMAL OR PLANT.
A. chromatin E. mitochondrion
B. chloroplast F. vacuole
C. cell wall G. golgi body
D. plasma membrane H. nucleolus
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ID: A
AP Test 2--chapter 4/Cells
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1 ANS: D
2 ANS: C
3 ANS: E
4 ANS: B
5 ANS: C
6 ANS: A
7 ANS: D
8 ANS: E
9 ANS: A
10 ANS: C
11 ANS: E
12 ANS: B
13 ANS: A
14 ANS: A
15 ANS: D
16 ANS: B
17 ANS: D
18 ANS: D
19 ANS: B
20 ANS: C
21 ANS: D
22 ANS: E
23 ANS: E
24 ANS: A
25 ANS: D
26 ANS: C
27 ANS: C
28 ANS: B
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ID: A
29 ANS: A
30 ANS: D
31 ANS: A
32 ANS: B
33 ANS: B
34 ANS: C
35 ANS: E
36 ANS: C
37 ANS: E
38 ANS: C
39 ANS: A
40 ANS: D
SHORT ANSWER
41 ANS:
Answer not provided.
42 ANS:
Answer will vary.
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
43 ANS: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H
44 ANS: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H
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