L. Fituni, I. Abramova Resource Potential of Africa and Russia's ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

– The United States has sole jurisdiction over the criminal acts of its personnel. – U.S. personnel may carry arms in the Republic of Djibouti. – The U.S. may import any materials and equipment it requires into the Republic of Djibouti. – No claims may be brought against the U.S. for damage to property or loss of life. – Aircraft, vessels, and vehicles may enter, exit, and move freely throughout the Republic of Djibouti. 30 Such an agreement, whose above mentioned clauses are reminiscent of the conditions, imposed by the colonial powers upon China after the Opium wars, allows the U.S. to maintain a small permanent presence in Djibouti, but staff and stock up with as many military personnel and weapons as it deems fit for any particular operation inside or outside of Africa as needed. Additionally, the agreement gives the U.S. the flexibility it wants to operate freely without interference from or liability to the people and government of Djibouti. DOD officials have stressed that the location in question would be a staff headquarters rather than a troop headquarters, and have suggested that they may consider a dispersed regional headquarters model, with several small locations spread across the continent to lessen the U.S. presence and burden in any one country. DOD may eventually try to co-locate those facilities with the headquarters of the continent’s regional and subregional organizations to link AFRICOM with the AU’s nascent regional security architecture. AFRICOM already has military liaison officers (LNOs) at the African Union headquarters in Ethiopia and with ECOWAS in Nigeria, as well as at the Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Center in Ghana. Those presences are likely to expand, and additional liaison offices may be attached to other regional organizations. 31 Unconfirmed reports from diplomatic sources alleged, that U.S. AFRICOM liaison officers took active part in assisting, consulting and coordinating ECOWAS tough response to the Coted’Ivoire post election crisis in late 2010. No independent confirmation of that information was available later, since the developments 37
in Cote-d’Ivoire were overshadowed by a series of “twitter revolutions” and unrests in Northern Africa and the Middle East. Some analysts believe that though AFRICOM has certainly run into a number of roadblocks but it appears that the new command will flourish as a result of intensive diplomatic and public relations efforts by the United States government. The structure and domestic operations of AFRICOM also makes it more palatable to African leaders who can more easily claim that they have a harmony rather than a disharmony of interests with the U.S. while the U.S. is building roads, training military forces, and passing out textbooks to children. A leaner, smaller, less intrusive, and more culturally engaged network of military outposts is America’s new blueprint for foreign intervention and global domination. 32 The military cooperation borders on another sensitive area of interaction between NATO and African people in uniforms. The EU and the U.S. maintain cooperation with African intelligence services. Mainly in two areas: receiving information on the security threats coming from Africa and for influencing the internal situation on the continent. Large segments of the African military elites received their training in the West and preserve long-standing ties with the former tutors. On November 10th, 2010, Algerian and US military officials ended their 4th bilateral dialogue in Algiers with a multiyear accord to train personnel, conduct joint exercises and share counter-terror technology. Less than a fortnight later, in fulfillment of the agreements a joint naval exercise in the Mediterranean began. The parties also announced a training program in the US for Algerian officers. Washington stated that it was ready to “provide the necessary assistance to Algeria in order to eliminate terrorist groups and pursue the remnants of Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, which moves along the Sahara and Sahel region on the border between Algeria, Niger, Mali and Mauritania.” 33 US officials also announced that the two countries agreed to establish a technical committee to consider Algerian requests for American weapons. The Algerian side expressed a desire to obtain new technology, in particular, – unmanned aircraft the US currently 38
Page 1 and 2: ABOUT THE AUTHORS: Dr. IRINA ABRAMO
Page 3 and 4: 330.324.22 330.123.72 351.823.003 3
Page 6 and 7: INTRODUCTION IN THE GLOBALIZED WORL
Page 8 and 9: At certain stages of their history,
Page 10 and 11: tives. The authors are not describi
Page 12 and 13: cations, including monographs 1 and
Page 14 and 15: arena by the loftiest goals and ide
Page 16 and 17: quence, their role in the world eco
Page 18 and 19: thus the last seller of the commodi
Page 20 and 21: Table 1.1.2. World chromium product
Page 22 and 23: Table 1.1.3. World cobalt productio
Page 24 and 25: shore in many parts of the world. L
Page 26 and 27: Though US totally depends on import
Page 28 and 29: isk of supply shortage in the next
Page 30 and 31: long been obsolete, do exist and te
Page 32 and 33: a European-African energy forum; th
Page 34 and 35: upon the same ideology: the new roa
Page 36 and 37: Force. At the request of the UN Sec
Page 40 and 41: uses to track terrorists. Algerian
Page 42 and 43: sum, in exchange for terminating th
Page 44 and 45: UK, Greece, Italy and Spain during
Page 46 and 47: ing Angola’s large oil resources
Page 48 and 49: China concluded two major M&A deals
Page 50 and 51: the continent. To help African coun
Page 52 and 53: egy with regard to Sudan and Zimbab
Page 54 and 55: some price-related difficulties for
Page 56 and 57: 100,000 students from almost every
Page 58 and 59: 15 U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral
Page 60 and 61: CHAPTER 2 Natural Resource Potentia
Page 62 and 63: tion in the global division of labo
Page 64 and 65: of other nations (manifest in an ex
Page 66 and 67: The mineral resource base (MRB) of
Page 68 and 69: In Nigeria, the smelter at Ikot Aba
Page 70 and 71: ite production at Komi to reach 6.5
Page 72 and 73: depletion. In South Africa, output
Page 74 and 75: 25-26 thousand tons of copper conce
Page 76 and 77: Country 75 Cost Ranges Namibia 0 20
Page 78 and 79: The Elkon district, Southern Yakuti
Page 80 and 81: ites and Miocene sediments extendin
Page 82 and 83: South, Etango and Valencia alaskite
Page 84 and 85: of competitiveness by similar produ
Page 86 and 87: tive scenario, the above goals will
Page 88 and 89:
The concept of resource efficiency
Page 90 and 91:
vately owned. The leading enterpris
Page 92 and 93:
In this respect African and Russian
Page 94 and 95:
Table 2.2.2. Distribution of capita
Page 96 and 97:
will allow the project to overcome
Page 98 and 99:
World prices on all types of minera
Page 100 and 101:
2.3. Competitors or Partners? Russi
Page 102 and 103:
Soviet organizations supplied Alger
Page 104 and 105:
that the gas crisis between Russia
Page 106 and 107:
The second LUKOIL project in Egypt
Page 108 and 109:
The agreement was finally signed du
Page 110 and 111:
pany “Slavneft” would join a co
Page 112 and 113:
DRC to extract copper and cobalt in
Page 114 and 115:
for 22 years in 2002 Friguia refine
Page 116 and 117:
licenses. They are the only Russian
Page 118 and 119:
that the main aims were inter-alia
Page 120 and 121:
Agency to develop plans for up to 4
Page 122 and 123:
pit nickel mine and the Selkirk und
Page 124 and 125:
deposit also contains a Peridotite-
Page 126 and 127:
and Eastern parts of the EPL 3850 p
Page 128 and 129:
Russian economy and the specifics o
Page 130 and 131:
34 . 2009. C. 366- 368. 35 John St
Page 132 and 133:
CHAPTER 3 Project RUSSAFRICA: Towar
Page 134 and 135:
copra, spices, other products of tr
Page 136 and 137:
This theoretic and scientific aura
Page 138 and 139:
and technical cooperation with Afri
Page 140 and 141:
higher and specialized secondary ed
Page 142 and 143:
used and repaid part of the credit.
Page 144 and 145:
exploitation of projects. Soviet ex
Page 146 and 147:
At the same time we recognize that
Page 148 and 149:
For the Soviet Union, solidarity wi
Page 150 and 151:
disappeared together with their ass
Page 152 and 153:
cial Representative of the Presiden
Page 154 and 155:
countries and minimize the adverse
Page 156 and 157:
The principled line in support of A
Page 158 and 159:
Exports of Russian raw materials to
Page 160 and 161:
of Su-30MKA fighters. At the same t
Page 162 and 163:
etc. He also remarked that since th
Page 164 and 165:
However, there are harbingers of a
Page 166 and 167:
There was a good demand in Egypt fo
Page 168 and 169:
Another promising sphere for Russia
Page 170 and 171:
Lada users in Egypt. In 2010, a new
Page 172 and 173:
All these companies have permanent
Page 174 and 175:
ment of the Russian Federation 105
Page 176 and 177:
As of mid 2010, other areas of econ
Page 178 and 179:
cooperation and hydrocarbon product
Page 180 and 181:
tion." The participants in the Raba
Page 182 and 183:
2009 consisted of such traditional
Page 184 and 185:
From October 21-23, 2010, the Fourt
Page 186 and 187:
(May 2009), and Ugandan President Y
Page 188 and 189:
Russia provided humanitarian aid to
Page 190 and 191:
Nigeria’s Share in Russia’s Imp
Page 192 and 193:
supplies only it is either a blatan
Page 194 and 195:
On the initiative of the Ethiopian
Page 196 and 197:
- Automotive and components - Capit
Page 198 and 199:
led by the two Chambers and attende
Page 200 and 201:
coal mixture of a new generation. T
Page 202 and 203:
cial architecture and food safety a
Page 204 and 205:
The talks in Luanda led the two cou
Page 206 and 207:
9 Annual Report of Alexander Saltan
Page 208 and 209:
CONCLUSIONS THE RESULTS OF THE UNDE
Page 210 and 211:
interpretations is the intensifying
Page 212:
Leonid FITUNI and Irina ABRAMOVA RE
show all

L. Fituni, I. Abramova Resource Potential of Africa and Russia's ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?