2002 - Midwest Peregrine Falcon Restoration Project

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November 1, 2002
MIDWEST PEREGRINE FALCON RESTORATION, 2002 REPORT
Harrison B. Tordoff,* Mark S. Martell,** and John S. Castrale***
*Bell Museum of Nat. History **The Raptor Center ***Indiana Div. Fish and Wildlife
Univ.of Minnesota Univ. of Minnesota R.R. 2, Box 477
1987 Upper Buford Circle 1920 Fitch Ave. Mitchell IN 47446
St. Paul MN 55108 St. Paul MN 55108 (812)849-4586
(612)624-6787 (612)624-9790
Dedication
This report is dedicated to Donald V. Hunter Jr. of Centerville, South Dakota,
who died on June 14, 2002. Don was instrumental in developing and promoting
propagation of Peregrine Falcons in captivity for release to the wild as a means of
restoring populations extirpated by organochlorine pesticides. A lawyer, combat pilot,
cattle rancher, horseman, conservationist, sportsman, raptor breeder, and falconer, Don
was above all else a mentor and promoter of activities directed toward the preservation
and well-being of raptors. He actively implemented his ideas at several levels, from
political to organizational. He was one of the principals involved in the establishment of
the Raptor Research Foundation, thriving today as a scientific organization devoted to
raptors. Through the South Dakota Raptor Trust, Don and Victor Hardaswick produced
315 peregrines that were released in the Midwest, the largest single segment of the
founder population. Don’s legacy lives on in those peregrines and their descendants and
in the hearts of everyone thrilled by the return of the peregrine to its native range.—Dr.
Patrick T. Redig, Director, The Raptor Center, and past Co-coordinator of the Midwest
Peregrine Falcon Restoration Project
Federal Monitoring Plan
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) is finalizing a plan to monitor the
status of nesting Peregrine Falcons in the United States, including Alaska. The
Endangered Species Act requires at least 5 years of monitoring after removing species
from the list of endangered and threatened species. The Service plans to select randomly
from a list of territories at which nesting occurred during at least one of the four years
1999-2002 and to monitor each selected site according to a standardized protocol.
Monitoring will be conducted once every three years for a total of five monitoring years
from 2003-2015. After randomly selecting the nests to monitor during each of the five
monitoring years, the Service plans to cooperate with states and their partners to
complete the monitoring. For further information, contact Phil Delphey in the Service’s
Twin Cities Field Office (612-725-3548 ext. 206 or ). Phil
Delphey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service..

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Tordoff maintains the Midwest peregrine database and wrote the narrative and
Tables 1 and 2 in this report. Martell prepared Tables 3 and 4 and managed printing and
circulation of the report. Castrale prepared Figures 1 through 14, based on a separate
database kept by him.
All peregrines banded in the U.S. Midwest (ND, MN, WI, MI, SD, NE, IA, IL,
IN, OH, KS, MO, KY) in 2002 wear a bicolored project band, black over green, on the
left leg. Wild-produced birds have a purple anodized USFWS band on the right leg;
hacked birds have a gold anodized USFWS band on the right leg. In Canada (SE MB,
NW ON), hacked birds receive a red band and wild-produced birds get a black band, in
addition to the usual silver USFWS band.
Many of the black/green and black/red bands have the upper or lower character
(or both) tipped to the left on its side; these we show by using a star (*) to indicate the
tipped-over letter or number, for example, *2/E or H/*4. It is essential to include the star
because all combinations are in use (H/4, *H/4, H/*4, *H/*4 for example). It is also
important to put all bands on right side up, to make them easier to read in the field. To
avoid confusion, numerals take precedence over letters; that is, numerals 1 and 0 are used
on the project color bands, letters I and O are not used.
We cannot change names of localities in the peregrine database when the names
of buildings or companies change. The original names are entered in the database in too
many places. Incomplete corrections would confuse searches for data. The same goes
for individual birds -- once named, the name sticks.
INTRODUCTION
Although the winter was mild, a cold, snowy spring in the Midwest, especially in
the northern part, resulted in some failed nests and some re-nesting by Peregrine Falcons
(Falco peregrinus). The production of fledged young was down in North Dakota,
Minnesota, and Wisconsin but remained about steady in the next tier of states south,
Nebraska east to Ohio. The known territorial pairs rose from 133 to 144, the second year
of slow growth. Production of young declined from 290 to 284. The same percentage of
territorial pairs nested this year (89% in 2001 and 2002) with somewhat reduced success
(83% this year vs. 86% in 2001) in fledging at least one young. Here is a nesting
summary for eight years by state or province (sequence here and in the main list below is
north tier of states first, west to east; second tier, etc., then SE Manitoba and NW
Ontario).

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Number of territorial pairs/young fledged
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
North Dakota -- -- -- -- -- 1/0 1/3 1/0
Minnesota 17/41 20/27 22/51 24/52 28/54 33/56 29/69 32/60
Wisconsin 6/14 8/19 12/16 11/33 13/36 15/39 19/53 19/50
Michigan 7/4 7/6 7/10 9/10 10/16 9/10 10/13 11/14
South Dakota -- -- -- 1/0 1/0 0/0 0/0 0/0
Nebraska 1/0 1/2 1/0 1/5 1/5 1/0 1/3 1/3
Iowa 2/6 2/5 2/2 2/6 3/6 3/10 5/8 5/10
Illinois 6/8 7/4 6/7 5/13 8/11 9/23 9/21 11/19
Indiana 5/8 7/16 8/15 9/15 9/24 9/23 11/20 11/27
Ohio 5/16 7/18 11/19 11/17 12/13 16/27 14/36 15/34
Kansas 1/3 1/2 1/0 1/0 1/0 0/0 0/0 1/0
Missouri 4/3 6/3 3/9 4/11 4/11 4/5 5/7 6/9
Kentucky 1/1 1/0 _ 1/1 2/3 3/5 3/4 4/7
Manitoba 4/6 4/9 3/11 3/4 2/5 2/4 2/1 2/1
Ontario 6/8 7/16 3/25 17/38 13/30 24/41 24/52 25/50
Totals 67/118 77/127 90/167 99/205 107/214 129/243 133/290 144/284
Minnesota had a net gain of three territorial pairs this year, with two new sites and
yearly changes in occupancy at some other sites. No other state or province added or lost
more than one or two pairs, further indication that the population is approaching stability.
We point out again that change of only a few pairs from one year to the next depends in
part on arbitrary decisions about what constitutes a countable pair.
Juvenile peregrines in the breeding population
Years Nesting pairs Number of breeders Number of juveniles Percent
1987-92 94 188 20 11%
1993-95 147 294 13 4%
1996-97 127 254 6 >2%
1998-99 173 346 6

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Productivity of adults
Here is the record of the most productive females (augmented young omitted).
• Meg 12R (North Central Life, St. Paul MN), 42 young, 15 seasons (hacked = h)
• Sibella 20V (Firstar, Milwaukee WI), 41 young, 14 seasons (h)
• ^Zenith 23W (Terminal Tower, Cleveland OH), 31 young., 9 seasons (wild
produced = w)
• Mae 31V (NSP King, Bayport MN), 31 young, 13 seasons (w)
• Alice U/K (Landmark, Milwaukee WI), 28 young, 9 seasons (w)
• ^Comet 11V (Montgomery Ward, Ford Bridge, Minneapolis MN), 26 young, 9
seasons (h)
• Phoebe blO/B (McKenzie Seed, Brandon MB), 25 young, 8 seasons (w)
• ^Suzy Q 52P (U.S. Steel, Gary IN), 25 young, 11 seasons (h)
• ^Scout 28W (Market Tower, Indianapolis IN), 24 young, 8 seasons (h)
• Freedom U/*8 (One Summit Square, Fort Wayne IN), 23 young, 7 seasons (h)
• ^Marla 81V (Colonnade, Multifoods, Minneapolis MN), 21 young, 6 seasons (h)
• Raynie A/*H (Froedtert Malt, Milwaukee, WEPCO Kenosha WI), 21 young, 6
seasons (w)
• ^Alma *5/T (Dairyland Cooperative, Alma WI), 21 young, 5 seasons (h)
• ^Fridge 43R (Palisade Head MN), 21 young, 9 seasons (h)
• Camilla E/B (Monticello MN), 20 young, 6 seasons (w)
• ^Egore 57V (Cline Avenue, East Chicago IN), 20 young, 6 seasons (h)
• ^MF-1 (Multifoods Tower, Minneapolis MN), 20 young, 8 seasons (h)
• ^36R (NSP Sherco, Becker MN), 20 young, 8 seasons (h)
• 2/3 (Park Plaza, St. Louis MO), 20 young, 9 seasons (h)
• Madame 52V (Winnipeg MB), 20 young, 11 seasons (h)
• 13R (American Republic, Des Moines IA), 20 young, 10 seasons (h)
• Atlanta L/*C (WEPCO Oak Creek, WI), 19 young, 5 seasons (w)
• ^Aurora red4R0 (Rhodes Tower, Columbus OH), 19 young, 6 seasons (h)
• ^Baltimore 7/D (Liberty Bank, Dayton OH), 19 young, 7 seasons (w)
• Liberty E/*D (WPL Edgewater, Sheboygan WI), 18 young, 5 seasons (w)
• Eleanor 2/8 (5821 N. Broadway, Chicago IL), 18 young, 9 seasons.(w)
• ^Harriet (125 S. Wacker, Chicago IL), 18 young, 9 seasons (h)
• Athena 5/V (Lakewood OH) 17 young, 7 seasons (h)
• ^49R (Firstar Bank, Cedar Rapids IA), 17 young, 7 seasons (h)
• ^Nellie McClung red3C7 (Commodore Perry, Toledo OH), 16 yg., 8 seasons 2(h)
• ^Algoma 77V (Finn Church cliff MN), 15 young, 8 seasons (h)
• ^Poindexter 09P (Devil’s Warehouse, ON), 14 young (probably really 21), 4 (or
6?) seasons (h)
• ^Judy redA/D (Detroit MI), 14 young, 7 seasons (h)
^ = known or presumed dead
Here are the most productive males.

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• ^Will 04Y (Multifoods Tower, Minneapolis MN), 37 young, 14 seasons (h)
• Kato 31T (Colonnade, Minneapolis MN), 34 young, 11 seasons (w)
• ^Bill 74T (Firstar, Milwaukee WI), 34 young, 11 seasons (h)
• Jingles (125 S. Wacker, Chicago IL), 31 young, 14 seasons (h)
• 64X (Firstar Bank, Cedar Rapids IA), 28 young, 10 seasons (h)
• Kinney 7/*3 (Market Tower, Indianapolis IN), 28 young, 8 seasons (h)
• ^Spanky 04T (Control Data, NCL, High Bridge, NSP High Bridge, St. Paul MN),
27 young, 10 seasons (h)
• Leopold C/D (Froedtert Malt, Milwaukee WI), 25 young, 8 seasons (h)
• ^red*7/3 (McKenzie Seed, Brandon MB), 25 young, 8 seasons (h)
• Marty 53Z (Cline Avenue, East Chicago IN), 24 young, 9 seasons (w)
• Mercury 21X (Lazarus, Dayton OH), 24 young, 9 seasons (h)
• Vulcan 79T (U.S. Steel, Gary IN), 24 young, 10 seasons (h)
• ^Omni 76T (Landmark, Milwaukee WI), 23 young, 7 seasons (h)
• red1/9 (Devil’s Warehouse, ON) 22 young, 7 seasons (h)
• Roosevelt R/*4 (One Summit Square, Fort Wayne IN), 21 young, 6 seasons (w)
• ^Pop (Detroit MI), 20 young, 8 seasons (w)
• Griffin 5/*D (WEPCO Oak Creek, Milwaukee WI), 20 young, 5 seasons (w)
• ^Lindee 1/*A (MWard, Ford Br., Mendota Bridge MN), 19 young, 7 seasons (w)
• Franklin 95T (5821 N. Broadway, Chicago IL), 18 young, 9 seasons (h)
• Zeus X/R (Woodmen Tower, Omaha NE), 18 young, 6 seasons (h)
• ^4/*G (Dairyland Coop., Maassen Bluff, WI), 18 young, 5 seasons (w)
• Bailly 4/9 (NIPSCO Bailly, Burns Harbor IN, 18 young, 7 seasons (w)
• 93T (American Republic, Des Moines IA), 17 young, 9 seasons (h)
• Buckeye 3/1 (Lakewood OH), 17 young, 7 seasons (h)
• ^Szell 67Z (Terminal Tower, Cleveland OH), 16 young, 5 seasons (w)
• ^Maverick 05T (NCL, Montgomery Ward, St. Paul MN), 16 young, 5 seasons (h)
• ^Grant B/N (WPL Edgewater, Sheboygan WI), 15 young, 5 seasons (w)
• ^red5P9 (Delta Winnipeg, Winnipeg MB), 15 young, 6 seasons (h)
• ^T-Rex bl1/X (Winnipeg MB), 14 young, 7 seasons (w)
^ = known or presumed dead
A Mythical Undiscovered Peregrine Population
Two perennial questions: What proportion of the Midwest nesting population of
peregrines remains undiscovered? What proportion is made up of immigrants from
eastern U.S. or eastern Canada? There is no evidence so far of any movement of
peregrines across the Great Plains south of Canada, although a few birds have moved in
both directions from city to city across the prairie provinces. Don Alstad, population
biologist at the University of Minnesota, and Bud Tordoff have addressed these
questions, with help from Bruce Fall, biologist at the University of Minnesota, and David
Hussell, biologist with the Canadian Wildlife Service.
We have assumed from the early days of the project that some pairs were nesting
undiscovered. Proof of this seemed to be the regular appearance of unbanded adults in

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the nesting population. In fact, it now appears that most of the unbanded adults have
actually come from known nests in which the young were not banded for a variety of
reasons and that there is no substantial undiscovered population. This is an important
insight for any analysis of the population dynamics of Midwestern peregrines and for
their future management. Here is the evidence for this conclusion.
From 1987 through 2002, 2029 young have fledged from known nests; 1720 of
these have been banded. The 309 young known to have fledged unbanded are 15.2% of
the total fledged (Table 1).
TABLE 1
Banding Status of Peregrine Young Fledged Wild from Known Nests in the Midwest
Year
No. of
Pairs
Fledging
Young
Total Young
Fledged
Young
Fledged
Banded
Young
Fledged
Unbanded
% Young
Fledged
Unbanded
1987-1993 102 265 203 62 23.4%
1994-1996 132 361 319 42 11.6%
1997-1999 208 586 512 74 12.6%
2000-2001 185 533 445 88 16.5%
Subtotal
through
2001
627 1745 1479 266 15.2%
2002 106 288 242 46 15.9%
Grand Total 733 2033 1721 312 15.3%
In 2002, 144 pairs were known to be on territories, 288 adults. Of the 199 adults
whose banding status was determined (banded vs. unbanded), 32 (16.1%) were
unbanded. This translates to an estimated 46 unbanded adults in the total of 288. The
source population for the 2002 territorial population is made up of birds fledged in year
2001 or earlier (Table 1, subtotal). A comparison of the frequencies of unbanded birds in
the source population (15.2%) and in the 2002 territorial population (16.1%) shows that
enough unbanded young have fledged from known nests to account for many, if not most,
of the unbanded nesting adults, without having to postulate a substantial “undiscovered
population.”
The banding status of the 2002 population can be summarized as follows:
288 territorial adults (144 pairs)
199 banding status known
167 banded (83.9%)
144 individually identified
7 immigrants (4.9%)
137 local (Midwestern in origin)

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32 unbanded (16.1%)
89 banding status not known
75 banded (projected)
14 unbanded (projected)
242 adults known + estimated banded
46 known + estimated unbanded
Another source of territorial adult peregrines is immigration to the Midwest from
eastern U.S. and Canada. There is no evidence to date of any movement of peregrines in
either direction across the Great Plains south of Canada. Of 144 territorial adults
individually identified in 2002, seven (4.9%, one in Nebraska and six in Ohio) were
immigrants, originating from eastern Ontario (1), New York (2), Pennsylvania (2),
Maryland (1), and Virginia (1). This translates to an estimate of 14 immigrants in the
2002 known territorial population of 288 adults.
Why are some young fledged unbanded from known nests? Some nests are in
inaccessible locations on buildings or bridges. Others nests require specialized
equipment, such as “snoopers” for reaching under bridges; that is not always available at
the appropriate window for banding, roughly two to four weeks of chick age. Not all
nests are found at the outset; some are discovered when the young are too old to band
without risk of premature fledging. Finally, the entire project depends heavily on
volunteers scattered over 13 states and two provinces. Things can go wrong, signals may
get mixed, people can procrastinate. The wonder is that we have tracked the population
as well as we have, not that we fall short of perfection.
What evidence is there of undiscovered nesting pairs? In recent years, at least
four nests have been discovered after the young had fledged, Hoan Bridge in Milwaukee
in 1999, Minneapolis City Hall in 2000, Hastings Cliff in Minnesota in 2001, and the
U.S. 421 Ohio River Bridge, Milton, Kentucky, in 2002. Also in 2002, a newly fledged
male peregrine was picked up on the street by Chicago Animal Control, proof of a nest
still not located. If one or two nests are discovered late each year, it seems probable that
a few may be missed altogether. Coverage of peregrine nest sites in Ohio, Indiana,
Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, and Missouri, all on man-made structures, seems thorough.
Rows of huge grain elevators in Kansas City, Topeka, Minneapolis, and other
Midwestern cities attract peregrines that might go unnoticed unless reported by some
worker at the site. Northern parts of Wisconsin, Michigan, and Minnesota are wild and
difficult to search. Ontario has far more wild country and big cliffs than the rest of the
Midwest. However, Brian Ratcliff and Ted Armstrong, Ontario Ministry of Natural
Resources, regularly and efficiently search that area by helicopter. The ore pits on the
Iron Range of Minnesota are difficult to survey. One site in the Hull Rust mine at
Hibbing has been used for years and it seems probable that another pair or two might nest
in other ore pits, but none has been reported in the eight years since the first nest at Hull
Rust.

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The evidence suggests that a few pairs may nest undiscovered each year, but it is
clear that the number of unbanded adults on territories is consistent with the number of
unbanded young fledging from known nests. There is no evidence of an undiscovered
population on the order of 10% to 20% of the known population.
It has seemed likely that close monitoring and banding of the peregrine population
in the Midwest would ultimately cease as more and more pairs found places to nest
undetected and the population became increasingly unbanded. However, if there is no
substantial undetected population, the proportion of unbanded adults should not increase
unless monitoring and banding taper off. So far that has not happened; unbanded young
in 2002 were 14.8% of the total fledged, consistent with the long-term record. Why
should we continue to keep track of the peregrines? There are at least two good reasons:
first, peregrines are magnetically attractive; watching them and banding the chicks is
intensely satisfying. Also, the database on Midwestern peregrines becomes more
valuable scientifically each year with the addition of new information. Monitoring and
banding at the current level of intensity in the Midwest can continue indefinitely, if the
will persists.
Weather and Peregrines Nesting on River Cliffs
The three pairs of peregrines nesting on the west side of the Mississippi, on eastfacing
cliffs, hatched their clutches on May 21 (Queens Bluff), May 23 (John Latsch),
and May 27 (Lansing, IA). The three pairs on the east side of the river on west-facing
cliffs hatched their clutches on June 14 (Castle Rock) and June 18 (Maiden Rock and
Maassen Bluff). Apparently at least two of these pairs (Maiden Rock and Maassen Bluff)
lost their first clutches early in incubation and re-nested, a process that usually takes
about two weeks from loss to start of egg-laying. At Castle Rock, the female was a oneyear-old;
the late hatch may have been the outcome of a late start typical of the first
nesting attempt by a young female. What might have caused simultaneous nest failure
for two pairs on west-facing cliffs spaced about 20 miles apart, while three pairs only a
few miles away on east facing cliffs succeeded with their first clutches? Apparently the
failed clutches were lost in a storm. Snow or rain driven by west winds would drench
cliffs facing west while those facing east would be somewhat sheltered. A major storm
passed through the area from Red Wing, Minnesota, to La Crosse, Wisconsin, on April
21, timing consistent with the nest losses.
It was 91 degrees in Minneapolis on April 15. On April 21, a record 6.2 inches of
snow fell. A peregrine incubating eggs at NSP Riverside, Minneapolis, was
photographed covered with snow on April 21 (John Tradewell). Assuming nest failure
on April 21 at the river cliffs in Wisconsin, add two weeks to start of egg-laying, a week
for egg-laying, five weeks for incubation, and the estimated hatch date would be June 16.
The three successful pairs on the east-facing cliffs (and probably also the pairs that failed)
were about one week into incubation on the date of the storm, April 21. (All of these
nesting dates are estimates made by back-dating from age of chicks at banding.)
Reading Bands
We band young birds primarily to learn about events later in their lives. Color
bands make it possible to follow the lives of individuals by reading their bands without

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having to re-capture them. So, what are the most effective techniques for reading bands
on adult peregrines? Camera monitors, peep holes, powerful telescopes, digiscoping,
patience, persistence – all are useful tools for reading a band or an image of it. Timing,
however, is extremely important. The best time is from the first appearance of adults in
spring to the start of incubation. At that time, both adults are usually present near the
nest site and courtship, feeding, and territorial behavior provide many opportunities to
view banded legs. Once incubation starts, one bird is usually out of sight, and the other
behaves inconspicuously. From the time chicks are about ten days old to fledging, their
parents are again often observable near the nest. At chick banding, some adults,
especially females, come close enough for easy band-reading, but males usually keep
their distance. Often, neither adult cooperates. If bands on parents have not been read
when banding is finished, they seldom get read. Since the rewards of color-banding
chicks come from reading the bands on adults, it is best done early, if possible. Changes
in mates during nesting, for example, may go undetected unless bands are read early as
well as later. In 2002, bands were read on only 30 of the 37 banded birds among the 64
territorial adults in Minnesota (12 were unbanded and the banding status of 15 was not
determined). We should be able to do better than that. (see page 42)
Special Notes
--Bob Anderson invited old-timers Dan Berger, Jack Oar, and Charles Sindelar to
participate in banding of peregrine chicks at Mississippi River cliff sites this year. Berger
came from California, Oar from Idaho, and Sindelar from Wisconsin. Dan Berger and
Helmut Mueller monitored 14 sites along the upper Mississippi and its tributaries from
1952 to 1965, through the last days of the pre-DDT population. Berger and Sindelar, at
the behest of Joe Hickey, made an historic survey of 146 peregrine sites from the
southern Appalachians to the maritime provinces of Canada in a 14,000 mile, three
month journey by Volkswagen bus, April through June, 1964. They failed to find “a
single occupied peregrine cliff,” establishing beyond argument that the eastern peregrine
population was extinct. Jack Oar, a retired fireman, has spent his adult life chasing
peregrines over most of North America. He grew up in Illinois and was one of Fran
Hamerstrom’s “gaboons.” He provided The Peregrine Fund with one of their most
prolific male peregrine breeders, a bird from the Tanana River, Alaska. The oldest
female in the Midwest, 16-year-old Meg 12R in St. Paul, Minnesota, was bred by Oar.
--The Dairyland Cooperative site at Alma WI continues to provide drama. Last
year, the adult female was killed in midair by a hailstone when the young were about a
week short of fledging, but the male parent carried on successfully. This year, on June
25, the new adult male Nelson 4/*G was found dead on a nearby highway, when the four
young were about 25 days old. The next day, June 26, the adult female, Miranda W/C,
was found injured and incapable of flight near the site. Both adults had puncture wounds,
indicating a fight with another raptor. On July 15, a one-year-old male, Zak 78/H, was in
possession of the nest box, suggesting that this young bird may have taken over the site
by lethal force. See pair 45 for more details.
--The most frequently asked question about peregrines is: how fast can they fly?
For years, the commonly quoted figure was 200 mph, although the evidence was not very
satisfactory. Not surprisingly in this age of electronics, peregrine flight speeds have now

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been accurately measured. In level flight, peregrines are fast but no faster than some
ducks, swifts, and shorebirds. They are not as fast in level flight as gyrfalcons. But the
thing peregrines excel at is diving at high speeds, usually in pursuit of prey. The
maximum peregrine dive speed reported in the literature by Vance Tucker and his
colleagues is 100 meters/second; this works out to 223 mph. Typical dives fall in the
range of 150 to 200 mph. No other organism goes this fast under its own power.
Terminal velocity of a free-falling peregrine-like object has been calculated to be about
220 mph. The most interesting aspect of these fast dives has to do with aerodynamics
and the location of fovea in the eye. Here is the summary from the original paper:
“When diving at prey straight ahead from great distances at high speeds, a
peregrine has a conflict between vision and aerodynamics: it must turn its head
approximately 40 degrees to one side to see the prey with maximum visual acuity at
the deep fovea of one eye, but the head in this position increases aerodynamic drag
and slows the falcon down. The falcon could resolve this conflict by holding its head
straight and flying along a logarithmic spiral path that keeps the line of sight of the
deep fovea pointed sideways at the prey. Wild peregrines, observed with binoculars,
telescopes and a tracking device, did approach prey the size of American robins
(Turdus migratorius) and smaller birds from distances of up to 1500 m by holding
their heads straight and flying along curved paths that resembled the logarithmic
spiral.” (Journal of Experimental Biology, 203:pp. 3755-3763, 2000, authors Vance A.
Tucker, Alice E. Tucker, Kathy Akers and James H. Enderson.)
A long, high-speed dive, then, follows a curved path until the falcon is close
enough to its prey to switch to binocular vision and finish in straight pursuit.

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Year
Table 2
PEREGRINE POPULATION GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY
IN THE MIDWEST, 1981-2002
Hacked
Young
Terr.
Pairs
Nest.
Pairs
Succ.
Pairs
Young
Fledged
Young/
Terr.
Pair
Young/
Nest.
Pair
Young/
Success.
Pair
1981- 130 4 2 0 0 0 0 0
1986
1987 73 6 4 1 3 0.5 .75 3.0
1988 87 13 8 6 16 1.2 2.0 2.7
1989 124 16 12 9 22 1.4 1.8 2.4
1990 103 23 16 13 33 1.4 2.1 2.5
1991 117 30 22 17 36 1.2 1.6 2.1
1992 107 37 32 23 68 1.8 2.1 3.0
1993 38 53 43 33 87 1.6 2.0 2.6
1994 66 62 51 41 116 1.9 2.3 2.8
1995 54 67 53 43 118 1.8 2.2 2.7
1996 33 77 58 48 127 1.6 2.2 2.6
1997 35 90 69 58 167 1.9 2.4 2.9
1998 55 99 84 74 205 2.1 2.4 2.7
1999 63 107 89 76 214 2.0 2.4 2.8
2000 32 129 101 83 243 1.9 2.4 2.9
2001 23 134 119 102 290 2.2 2.4 2.8
2002 19 144 128 106 284 2.0 2.2 2.7
Total 1159 1091 891 733 2029 1.9 2.3 2.8
Note: “Young fledged” includes all young surviving to first flight from nest. Falcons
hacked in Tennessee, Alabama, and Arkansas are excluded on geographic grounds.

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SUMMARY OF PEREGRINE NESTING IN 2002
In the Midwestern United States, southeastern Manitoba, and the Lake Superior
basin of Ontario in 2002, 144 pairs were known to be on territories, 128 pairs (89%) laid
eggs, 106 pairs (83% of the nesting pairs) were successful in fledging 284 young, 2.7
young per successful pair, 2.2 per nesting pair, 2.0 per territorial pair. Of the 144
territorial pairs, 62 (43%) were on buildings, 29 (21%) were on smokestacks, 13 (9%)
were on bridges, and 40 (28%) were on cliffs. Thirty-seven of the 62 building pairs
(60%) succeeded, fledging 104 young. Twenty-five of the 29 smokestack pairs (86%)
fledged 73 young. Nine of the 13 bridge pairs (69%) fledged 20 young. Of the 40 cliff
pairs, 33 (83%) are known to have succeeded, fledging 87 young. The other seven cliff
pairs either failed, did not nest, or the outcome is unknown. Comparing this year with
2001, the total number of known pairs continued to grow slowly (133 to 144), about the
same percentage nested (88%), but fewer pairs were successful (73% vs. 77%), resulting
in fewer young fledged this year than last (284 vs. 290).
In addition to the 284 young known to have fledged in the wild in the Midwest
this year, an additional 18 young were hacked in our area, 11 in Kentucky, three in
Missouri, and four in Iowa.
2002 POPULATION STATUS
TOTALS FOR REGION:
106 successful pairs fledged 284 young (SP in list below)
22 pairs laid eggs but failed to fledge young (LE)
16 pairs, non-breeding or status not known (NB)
144 territorial pairs
NORTH DAKOTA
1. NB-Community First Bank, Fargo, Cass County, North Dakota. Wick Corwin
reports that a new female, one-year-old Frieda 24/A, fledged in 2001 at Dairyland
Cooperative, Alma, Wisconsin, paired with male Dakota Ace b/r *H/D, here for the third
year. The female spent a lot of time in the nest box and was courted and fed by the male,
but no eggs were laid, likely because of the female's age. Frieda 24A was the third
successive female to pair with Dakota Ace *H/D in 2002. The first two were also
juveniles and neither was banded.
MINNESOTA
2. SP-Multifoods Tower, Hennepin County, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Will 04Y,
here for the 14th year, and four-year-old female *E/X, here for the third year, produced
five eggs as they did last year, but again only three hatched. Two males and a female
fledged. On July 18, Will 04Y was found under a power line in Minneapolis with a wing
broken beyond repair. He was the third oldest peregrine in the Midwest, after two 16-

13
year-olds, Jingles in Chicago and Meg 12R in St. Paul. His lifetime output, paired with
four females, was 37 young in 14 nesting seasons. Will, hacked at the Mayo Clinic in
1987, was named in honor of Dr. Will Mayo, one of the Mayo brothers that founded the
world-famous clinic.
3. SP-Colonnade Building, Hwy. 100 and I-394, Minneapolis, Hennepin County,
Minnesota. Rich Kaiser reports that 13-year-old male Kato 31T, nesting here for eleven
years, paired this year with five-year-old female Mendota *4/C, here for the fourth year.
Four eggs were laid in an open gravel tray, three hatched, two males and one female
fledged.
4. SP-Mendota Bridge, Fort Snelling State Park, Dakota County, Minnesota.
After five successful years, this site was not used in 2001. This year, 2002, a pair
returned and nested successfully, fledging two young, one of each sex. The adult female
is P.W. *5/V; she nested here in 1999 and probably in 2000, although her band was not
read that year. Her mate this year is new, four-year-old male Cielo *B/*7, fledged at
Norwest Financial Center, Bloomington, Minnesota, in 1998.
5. SP-Ford Parkway Bridge, Minneapolis, Hennepin County, Minnesota. This
site, not used in the previous three years, was re-occupied by this year by a pair of twoyear-olds,
male Scotty b/g P/T, fledged in 2000 at Dairyland Cooperative at Alma,
Wisconsin, paired with female Amelia b/g 0/*G, fledged in 2000 at NSP Monticello,
Monticello, Minnesota. They fledged three young, two males and a female.
6. SP-I-94 Mississippi River Bridge, Minneapolis, Hennepin County, Minnesota.
A new male, four-year-old Windrider *B/*4, fledged in 1998 at Colonnade, Minneapolis,
Minnesota, paired with female Phoebe, an eight-year-old escapee from falconry in
Kansas, her fifth year at this site. They fledged a single young male.
7. SP-NSP High Bridge, St. Paul, Ramsey County, Minnesota. Bob Anderson,
Raptor Resource Project, reports that five-year-old female Sophia *3/G paired again with
four-year-old male Smoke *3/*1. They produced four eggs, hatched three. One chick
died at about ten days of age and a male and a female fledged.
8. SP-NSP Riverside Plant, Minneapolis, Hennepin County, Minnesota. Bob
Anderson and John Tradewell, NSP, report that six-year-old female K/*V, fifth year at
this site, paired with four-year-old male *3/*A, third year at this site. They produced four
eggs and fledged three young, two females and a male. Tradewell has photos from the
camera at this site showing an incubating bird completely covered by snow on April 21.
[Space Tower, State Fairgrounds, St. Paul, Ramsey County, Minnesota. Workers
on the tower were scolded here by two peregrines in June, but there was no evidence of
nesting.]
[I-494 Bridge, Cottage Grove, Washington County, Minnesota. Single peregrines
have been seen here occasionally for several years. This year MN DOT bridge crew
found a single peregrine egg. We are not including this site as occupied by a territorial
pair, however, because there have been no sightings of two birds reported to us. The
bridge is due for replacement, starting this year, a project likely to displace any resident
peregrines. Eggs have been laid by unpaired female peregrines at several Midwest
locations over the years.]

14
[Hastings Cliff / Highway 61 Bridge, Hastings, Dakota County, Minnesota. In
late March and the first week of April, an unbanded one-year-old female and male
Rocket b/g L/M, fledged in 2000 at NSP Riverside, Minneapolis, Minnesota, were
reported here by Wendell Snider and identified by Matt Solensky and Bud Tordoff. For
the rest of the nesting season, peregrines were apparently absent from this site, and we
did not count it as occupied by a territorial pair. However, Snider reported a single bird
July 23 to July 25, then no peregrines until a pair of adults (female b/g ?/A, male also
banded) appeared at the bridge on September 21. They were still present on October 8,
when this was written. The female was seen in the nest box on the cliff on two occasions
and the male at least once. They seemed closely bonded, hunted together mostly near the
bridge, and fed on the same kills. They probably will nest next year, if both survive.]
9. SP-NSP Black Dog Plant, Eagan, Dakota County, Minnesota. Bob Anderson
(RRP) and Chuck Huske (NSP) report that three young fledged here this year, too old to
band on the scheduled day. The adults were not identified.
10. SP-NSP King Plant, Bayport, Washington County, Minnesota. Bob
Anderson reports that female Mae 31V, thirteen years old and nesting here for the
thirteenth time, paired with an unidentified male. Four eggs were laid but only one
hatched. The single female fledged. Two of the eggs were very white, according to
Anderson, an indication that Mae 31V may be approaching the end of her reproductive
life.
11. SP-NSP Sherco Plant, Becker, Sherburne County, Minnesota. Dan Orr, NSP
biologist, reports that two young were fledged here this year. The original banding date
had to be postponed until the young were too old to band safely. Orr identified the adult
female, three-year-old Seminoe W/A, new to this site and fledged in 1999 at NSP Prairie
Island, Minnesota, in 1999. Orr was not able to identify the adult male.
12. SP-NSP Monticello Plant, Monticello, Wright County, Minnesota. Dan Orr
(NSP) and Bob Anderson (RRP) report that an unidentified pair fledged four well-fed
young here, three females and a male. The catwalks on the stack on banding day were
littered with two Least Bitterns, one Green Heron, two Pied-billed Grebes, two Coots,
and six Sora rails. Both adults were banded, male b/r and purple (consistent with last
year’s male), female b/r and silver.
13. SP-Hull Rust Mine, Hibbing, St. Louis County, Minnesota. Norman and
Delores Ebert report that a male was seen at the end of March, a female in the first week
of April. Both were unbanded. Three young, judged by size to be two males and a
female, fledged in July from the same nest site on the south wall of the pit used in
previous years. The young were not banded.
14. SP-Minnesota Power and Light Boswell Energy Center, Cohasset, Itasca
County, Minnesota. A pair of unbanded adults fledged three young females, according to
Bob Anderson.
15. SP-Cargill Elevator, Red Wing, Goodhue County, Minnesota. Bob Anderson
reports that four-year-old female *M/D, fledged in 1998 at Woodmen Tower, Omaha,
Nebraska, and here for at least the second year, paired with an unidentified male. Four
eggs were laid and three young males fledged.

15
16. SP-Cargill Elevator, Lake City, Wabasha County, Minnesota. New Site. A
pair of peregrines nested here for the first time in a nest box installed 12 years ago.
Female Ruth’s Blue 7/*X, fledged in 2000 at Multifoods Tower, Minneapolis,
Minnesota, paired with male Gretch K/U, also fledged in 2000, at Dairyland Cooperative,
Genoa, Wisconsin. They fledged four young, three females and a male, according to Bob
Anderson.
17. SP-Faith Bluff, John Latsch State Park, Winona County, Minnesota. Ray
Faber kept track of this pair again this year. An unbanded male paired with four-year-old
female Star *K/*5, the third year at this site for the female and probably also the male.
They moved from a ledge used last year on Hope, the middle of the three bluffs in the
park, back to the south bluff where they nested again in the box in a cave. Three young
males were banded and fledged. John Arent and Jim Mussell climbed here.
18. SP-Queens Bluff, Great River Bluffs State Park, Winona County, Minnesota.
A new pair, two-year-old male JC H/X, fledged in 2000 at Dairyland Cooperative,
Genoa, Wisconsin, paired with a one-year-old female, banded but not individually
identified. They fledged three young, two males and a female. Jim Mussell and John
Arent did the climbing here.
Each year, Minnesota North Shore peregrines are banded with the essential
and much appreciated help of expert climbers from the Wolf Ridge Environmental
Learning Center, Finland, Minnesota. This year the climbers at Palisade Head and
Corundum Point were Peter Smerud, Joe Walewski, and Laurie Walewski. Jim
Mussell and John Arent climbed at Castle Cliff and at NorthShore Mining.
19. SP-NorthShore Mining, Silver Bay, Lake County, Minnesota. Jim Kelley,
Scott Gischia, Warren Lind, and Brad Johnson report that a pair of unbanded adults
nested here for the fourth year. This year they again used an old raven nest high on an
idle coal unloader. One young male fledged, the first young peregrine banded at this site.
20. SP-Castle Cliff, Castle Haven, Lake County, Minnesota. Mike Steffes
reported on this pair for the second season. As in last year, the female is unbanded and
the male is four-year-old Connor *B/*2, fledged at Finn Church cliff, Cook County,
Minnesota, in 1998. The nest was on a small rocky ledge. Two young fledged, one each
sex.
21. SP-Corundum Point cliff, Split Rock State Park, Lake County, Minnesota.
The adults here are cautious, calling a bit when disturbed then soaring high above,
beyond any hope of seeing leg bands, much less reading them. Four eggs were laid, three
young fledged, two females and a male.
22. SP-Palisade Head cliff, Tettegouche State Park, Lake County, Minnesota.
The nest this year was on a ledge used in 1991, 2000, and 2001, northeast of the parking
lot. The adult female is again unbanded; the eight-year-old male is red 7/R, hacked in
Sleeping Giant Provincial Park, Ontario, in 1994, nesting here for at least two and
probably three years. The pair fledged three young, two females and one male. In 1998
and 1999, red 7/R nested at Kennedy Creek, four miles northeast of Palisade Head. Brad
Johnson read the male’s band and kept track of the nesting activity here.

16
23. SP-Manitou cliff, northeast of Little Marais, Lake County, Minnesota. A
pair of adult peregrines were here on April 17, but no birds were seen on a visit on June
12, leading us to conclude that the nest had failed. However, on July 5, Pat Redig saw
both adults and a recently fledged young falcon. He thinks the nest was on a grassy
ledge, not in the old raven nest used last year. Dave Evans checked the site on July 19
and saw two adults and two young falcons. The adult female is not banded; the male,
new to this site, has a b/g band ?/5?.
24. SP-Hat Point cliff, northeast of Grand Portage, Cook County, Minnesota.
Dave Evans visited this site on July 19 and saw three newly fledged young, two males
and one female. He did not see the adults.
[Kennedy Creek cliff, Lake County, Minnesota. No peregrines nested here this
year. Male red 7/R, here in 1998 and probably 1999, was identified this year at Palisade
Head, where he was present in 2001 and also probably in 2000.]
25. LE-North Central Life Tower, St. Paul, Ramsey County, Minnesota. Sixteenyear-old
female Meg 12R again over-wintered here and nested for the 15th year, this time
with eight-year-old four-toed male Sota 8/*E, here for the fifth year. Only three eggs
were laid, ending Meg’s string of 14 four-egg clutches. No eggs hatched. The eggs were
examined after about seven weeks of incubation by both birds and showed no embryonic
development. Perhaps Meg has reached the end of her reproductive career, after fledging
42 young in 14 successful seasons through 2001. It will be interesting to see if she
continues to hold this prime territory even if post-reproductive. Sota 8/*E was identified
on site on September 3, 2002, but Meg was not seen in an hour watch.
26. LE-Norwest Financial Center, Xerxes and I-494, Bloomington, Hennepin
County, Minnesota. For the sixth year, a pair of adults appeared in late March and nested
in the old tray, although the original pair has been replaced by new birds. The current
female b/g 9/?, paired with three-year-old male Nero V/D, fledged in 1999 at NSP
Sherco, Becker, Minnesota. Nero was probably also here last year but his band was not
read then. Four eggs were laid by April 30 but the eggs failed to hatch after almost seven
weeks of incubation. Paul Budde and Jeff Tordoff helped monitor this site.
27. LE-Blatnik Bridge, Superior, Douglas County, Wisconsin / Duluth, St. Louis
County, Minnesota. Dave Evans reports that a pair began incubation here around April
12 but gave up about May 10. The male was not banded and the female wore an upside
down band, red M over black ?.
[Bong Bridge, Duluth, St. Louis County, Minnesota. Dave Evans reports that
there was no nesting attempt here this year.]
28. LE-NSP Prairie Island, Goodhue County, Minnesota. Ken Mueller, Dan Orr
and Brad Giese of NSP and Bob Anderson report that eggs were laid here and young
hatched, but the nest failed before June 21 for unknown reasons. The adult female here is
nine-year-old 7/1, here for the sixth year. Her mate was not identified.
29. NB-City Hall, Minneapolis, Hennepin County, Minnesota. For the third year,
a female wearing only a silver band was present here, but there was no evidence that she
laid eggs this year. Again, no male appeared to be here on a regular basis, suggesting that
she was paired bigamously with the nearby male, Will 04Y, at the Multifoods Tower.

17
30. NB-Champion International paper mill, Sartell, Stearns County, Minnesota.
Mike Asselin, Herb Dingmann, and Norman Ford saw peregrines here repeatedly from
March through June but they did not nest in either of the two boxes available. This site is
7.5 miles upstream from the University Bridge site in St. Cloud.
[University Bridge, St. Cloud, Stearns County, Minnesota. Although peregrines
were reported here for several years, we were unable to get information about pairing
status or nesting at this site this year. No falcons were seen here in several visits by
Norman Ford, nor in a single visit by Mark Martell and Bud Tordoff. Dan Orr saw a
peregrine at the nearby state prison in July.]
31. NB-Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Olmsted County, Minnesota. Peregrines were
present in Rochester at least in early spring but did not attempt to use the nest box on the
Guggenheim Building. This box had been moved from the roof to high on a north-facing
wall, a better location. The male that nested here last year was killed by a car on August
16, 2001, breaking the tie to the Guggenheim box. Maybe next year.
32. NB-Greysolon Plaza (earlier known as Duluth Hotel), Duluth, St. Louis
County, Minnesota. A nest box here was visited on several occasions in spring by a pair
but no nesting took place, according to Dave Evans. The female was unbanded and the
male was three-year-old Julia 7/*B, banded (and mis-sexed and therefore inappropriately
named) at High Bridge, St. Paul, Minnesota, in 1999.
[Finn Church cliff, two miles northeast of Tofte, Cook County, Minnesota. No
peregrines were seen here on a visit by us on April 17 or on subsequent visits by Jim
Carlson, indicating that the site was apparently unoccupied for the second year. The most
recent nests were on a ledge that fell in a rock slide in early spring, 2001, a possible cause
of desertion of the territory. If that is the case, the pair would likely have tried to nest
elsewhere, but we have no clue as to location.]
33. NB-Silver Creek Cliff, Lake County, Minnesota. Steve Loch, MN DNR,
found a pair of peregrines on the cliff at the north end of the Highway 61 tunnel on May
10. Dave Evans identified both two-year-old adults on May 19 and 20. The female is
black *9/U, fledged in 2000 at Mt. McKay, near Thunder Bay, Ontario. While Evans
was reading her band, he was approached by Frank Pianka, who had banded female *9/U
at Mt. McKay two years earlier. Pianka is a veteran of years of peregrine banding on
cliffs in Ontario. The male at Silver Creek is Wally b/g P/R, fledged in 2000 at Palisade
Head, Minnesota. Loch saw a copulation on May 21. The birds were seen several other
times in May and at least as late as June 14, but did not nest.
WISCONSIN
34. SP-Miller Brewery, Milwaukee, Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. New Site.
Greg Septon and Bob Wunsch report that a nest box was installed here in late March and
peregrine activity began a few days later. Septon identified the male, two-year-old
Traveler 8/*C, fledged in 2000 at WPS Pulliam, Green Bay, Wisconsin. The female was
not identified. Three eggs were laid between April 20 and 29, one hatched around May
28, and a young male fledged around July 8.

18
35. SP-Froedtert Malt, Milwaukee, Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. Greg Septon
reports that ten-year-old Leopold C/D, eight years at this site, paired with seven-year-old
female Raynie A/*H, five years here. They produced four eggs by April 8, three hatched
around May 11, and one female and two males fledged around June 22.
36. SP-WEPCO Oak Creek Power Plant, Milwaukee, Milwaukee County,
Wisconsin. Greg Septon reports that eight-year-old male Griffon 5/*D, here for the sixth
year, paired again with six-year-old Atlanta L/*C, here for the fourth year. Four eggs
were laid by April 11, according to Rose Dehli, all four hatched, and three females and a
male fledged.
37. SP-WEPCO Valley Power Plant, Milwaukee, Milwaukee County, Wisconsin.
This was the second year for this site. A nest box on a smokestack here attracted sixyear-old
female Daisy *Y/3, her second year here although she had no regular mate in
2001. This year, she paired with three-year-old male Simba S/U, fledged in 1999 at
WEPCO Oak Creek in Milwaukee. They produced four eggs by April 12, all hatched
around May 15, and four young males fledged about June 25.
[Hoan Bridge, Milwaukee, Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. This site, discovered
in 1999 after the young had just fledged, has not been occupied since.]
38. SP-WEPCO Port Washington Power Plant, Port Washington, Ozaukee
County, Wisconsin. Greg Septon reports that four-year-old male Flaps 8/*T paired here
with three-year-old female Whitney 6/*E, both here for the third year. They produced
four eggs by April 7, hatched three around May 9, and fledged three young, two males
and a female, in mid-June.
39. SP-WPL Edgewater Generating Station, Sheboygan, Sheboygan County,
Wisconsin. The adult female here is six-year-old Liberty E/*D, her fourth year at this
site, paired with an unidentified b/r banded male (B/?). Four eggs were laid from April 8
to 14. Three hatched around May 16, and two female young fledged around June 27,
according to Greg Septon.
40. SP-Busch Agricultural Resources Complex, Manitowoc, Manitowoc County,
Wisconsin. Greg Septon reports that three-year-old female *G/*9, here for the second
year, paired with an unbanded male. They produced four eggs by April 16, hatched all
four around May 19, and fledged three females and one male at the end of June.
41. SP-WPS Pulliam Power Plant, Green Bay, Brown County, Wisconsin. Greg
Septon and Alan Trick report that an unidentified pair of banded adults produced four
eggs March 22 to 28, hatched all four April 28 to 30, and fledged four young, three
females and a male, around June 8.
42. SP-WEPCO Pleasant Prairie Power Plant, Pleasant Prairie, Kenosha County,
Wisconsin. Greg Septon and Bob Reske report that four-year-old Breezer *R/*2, her
fourth year at this site, paired with an unidentifed adult male. They produced five eggs
by April 10 but fledged only one young, a male, near June 23. Breezer *R/*2 laid two
eggs her first year, four the second year, and five in 2001 and 2002.
43. SP-Kewaunee Nuclear Power Plant, Kewaunee, Kewaunee County,
Wisconsin. Greg Septon, Craig Long, and Kim Deda report that four eggs were laid in
the nest box on the containment dome. The adult female, new to the site, is two-year-old

19
Sheila 6/*H, fledged at NIPSCO Power Plant, Michigan City, Indiana, in 2000. The male
was not identified. Four eggs were laid by April 20, all hatched around May 21, and
three males and a female fledged around July 2. The young female was killed on July 7
in a building collision.
44. SP-Racine County Courthouse, Racine, Racine County, Wisconsin. New
Site. Greg Septon and Wayne Johnson report that ten years of waiting finally paid off
this year when a pair of peregrines nested in the box on the courthouse. The female is
one-year-old Lily 56/A, fledged last year at Firstar Bank, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Her
banded mate was not identified. Two eggs were laid, April 19 and 21. One young
female hatched by May 24 and fledged close to July 5.
45. SP-Dairyland Power Cooperative, Alma, Buffalo County, Wisconsin. John
Thiel reports that three-year-old Miranda W/C, fledged in 1999 at NSP Monticello,
Minnesota, first year at this site, paired with seven-year-old male Nelson 4/*G, who
nested here 1997, 1998, and 1999, then nested two years at Maassen Bluff, four miles
upstream. They produced four eggs and hatched all four.
On June 25, male Nelson 4/*G was found dead on the shoulder of a nearby
highway. On June 26, female Miranda W/C was found injured near the nest site and sent
to rehabilitation. Bob Anderson says that both adults had puncture wounds, indicating a
fight with another raptor. The four young were moved by Anderson to a hack site at
Palo, Iowa (near Cedar Rapids), where they all fledged. On July 15, Mike Obst identified
male Zak 78/H in the Alma nest box. This bird was hatched at Landmark on the Lake,
Milwaukee, in 2001 and moved to Dairyland Genoa Plant, Genoa, Wisconsin, before
fledging. Anderson reports that Zak 78/H was in full adult plumage and still in
possession of the Alma nest box on July 22, 2002. His mother is the aggressive Alice
U/K, who may have produced a male capable when only one year old of killing an adult
male and injuring an adult female that were rearing chicks, although direct proof is
lacking.
46. SP-Dairyland Genoa Power Plant, Genoa, Vernon County, Wisconsin. Bob
Anderson and John Thiel report that six-year-old female Scooter U/W paired with male
Rich 02/H, hacked in 2000 at Dubuque, Iowa. Four eggs were laid and three young
fledged, two males and a female.
47. SP-Nelson Dewey Power Plant, Cassville, Grant County, Wisconsin. Bob
Anderson, Brett Mandernack, and Dave Kester report that an unidentified female paired
with three-year-old male G/V, hacked in Dubuque, Iowa, in 1999. They produced four
eggs and fledged four young, three females and a male.
48. SP-Maiden Rock, Buffalo County, Wisconsin. Peregrines nested successfully
here in 2001 for the first time in the post-DDT period. This year, three year old male
Gunnar D/E paired again with three-year-old female *E/*W, both here for the second
time. On June 18, Jack Oar and Dan Berger climbed to the nest and found three small
chicks and a hatching egg. All four young, three females and one male, were banded by
Bob Anderson on a second visit on July 9. One young female was found by Scott Mehus
on July 27, flattened on the road below the cliff, only ten feet from a flattened Great
Horned Owl.

20
49. SP-Maassen Bluff , two miles south of Nelson, Buffalo County, Wisconsin.
Gary Grunwald reported a non-nesting pair at this new cliff site in 2000. Last year, two
young were fledged. The male, Nelson 4/*G, that nested here in 2001 moved back to the
smokestack at Alma this year. Neither the new male here nor his banded mate was
identified this year. Grunwald noted a pair present in early April, no peregrine activity
from about April 12 to May 2, and a conspicuous pair again starting on May 3. On June
18, Bob Anderson climbed to the nest and found one chick about two days old and an
egg, consistent with egg-laying in early May. The single chick was banded on a return
visit by Anderson on July 9. It was a female, fledging at the end of July.
50. SP-Castle Rock, Trempealeau County, Wisconsin. New Site. Scott Mehus
reported a pair of peregrines here early in the season. Bob Anderson saw an adult pair
and an immature female on May 5. On June 19, three young about a week old were seen
by Jack Oar and Dan Berger on a climb to the nest. Anderson returned and banded three
young on July 2. At banding, he was able to confirm that the female parent was a oneyear-old
bird. The adult male has a gold FWS band, indicating that he was hacked.
Three young, two males and a female, fledged around July 24.
51. LE-Firstar Center, Milwaukee, Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. Greg Septon
reports that fourteen-year-old female Sibella 20V, fourteenth year at this site, was here in
March but departed during a major work project close to the nest box. She returned in
late April and laid four infertile eggs. Septon saw no male at this site all year, perhaps
explaining the infertile eggs, although workers at the site reported seeing two falcons at
times.
52. LE-Landmark on the Lake, Milwaukee, Milwaukee County, Wisconsin.
Alice U/K was banded here as an adult in 1995 and her age therefore is unknown. Her
increasingly aggressive behavior has become unacceptable. To discourage her, the nest
box was removed in 2001 and her young fostered to other nests. This year, Alice U/K
laid five eggs at the opposite end of the old nest ledge, where they were flooded out. Her
mate this year was not identified.
[Ladish Malt Site, Jefferson, Jefferson County, Wisconsin. Greg Septon reports
falcon activity here in 2001. This year an adult female was at the site on March 19. On
April 16,no falcons were seen and pigeons were nesting in the nest box.]
MICHIGAN
53. SP-Ameritech, Detroit, Wayne County, Michigan. Judith Yerkey, Detroit
Peregrine Coordinator, and Tim Payne, MI DNR, report that six-year-old female Marical
A/*C paired with five-year-old male Cinder *5/C. They produced three young, two
females and a male. All fledged prematurely, ages 30 to 34 days, on June 11 and 12,
apparently because of exposure to the sun in a hot spell. One of the females died in a
building collision at 42 days of age. None were banded.
54. SP-National Steel, River Rouge, Wayne County, Michigan. The pair that
nested here this year wintered at the River Rouge Edison Power Plant, River Rouge.
Four-year-old female Kil-So-Quah *4/Y and an unbanded male fledged two young. One
young, a male, was banded when grounded near the nest. Female Kil-So-Quah *4/Y was

21
identified by Judy Yerkey at the River Rouge Edison Power Plant in 1999, accompanied
by an unbanded male, and in 2000, but apparently did not nest until this year.
55. SP-Monroe Edison Power Plant, Raisin River, Monroe, Monroe County,
Michigan. Judy Yerkey and Tim Payne report that seven-year-old female, Monroe E/K,
here for the fifth year, paired with seven-year-old male, Leopold N/*4, here for the sixth
year. They fledged one female young on June 9; it was not banded.
56. SP-Grand Haven Board of Light and Power, Sims Plant, Grand Haven,
Ottawa County, Michigan. Ernie Kafcas, Nik Kalejs, Tim Payne, and John Will report
that three-year-old female Kishenzi 5/*L, paired for the second year with four-year-old
male Don 8/*U. Three young were fledged, two females and a male. Tim Hicks and Ric
Pedler helped keep track of events at this site.
57. SP-Au Train Island, Alger County, Michigan. New Site. This is a small
island about 10 miles west of Grand Island and northwest of the city of Au Train. MI
DNR Conservation Officer Ed Kuivanen and his wife found this site and showed it to Joe
Rogers. The nest is on a cliff on the east side of the island. It held three young
peregrines on July 1. The adults were not identified.
58. SP-Grand Portal cliff, Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, Alger County,
Michigan. Second year for this site, found by Ed Kuivanen, MI DNR Conservation
Officer. Joe Rogers reports that the nest held two young close to fledging on July 1.
[October 4, 2002.-On this date, Joe Rogers reported two possible new sites for the
Upper Peninsula, Big Bay (two young reported, one died; one fledged) and Huron
Islands, Huron Islands National Wildlife Refuge. He was not able to visit either site
personally to confirm the reports. Details will be included in next year’s report.]
59. LE-New Center/Fisher Building, Detroit, Wayne County, Michigan. Judy
Yerkey and Tim Payne report that a new pair, two-year-old female Sammy F 0/*S,
fledged in 2000 at WEPCO Oak Creek, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and two-year-old male
Pfdotcom 5/*R, fledged in 2000 at Market Tower, Indianapolis, Indiana, nested here but
the nest failed, cause unknown.
60. LE-Whittier Apartments, Detroit, Wayne County, Michigan. Eleven-year-old
Sunrise 55R, at this site for the eighth year, paired again with three-year-old male Allegro
V/G. They nested but the nest failed, according to Judy Yerkey.
61. LE-International Bridge, Sault Ste. Marie, Chippewa County, Michigan. Joe
Rogers reports that a nest with three eggs was lost in a storm. There was no re-nesting.
The adults were not identified.
62. NB-Porcupine Mountains Wilderness State Park, five miles west of Silver
City, Ontonagon County, Michigan. Barb Rogers and Joe Rogers report that peregrines
were seen in April near the old nest site but were gone in May. Falcons were seen at
other nearby cliffs but apparently no nesting took place.
63. NB-Michigan National Bank / State Capitol, Lansing, Ingham County,
Michigan. Mark Dietrich reports that five-year-old female Stelco, black 4/S, paired again
with two-year-old male, Alimak, G/C. Early in the season, Stelco 4/S was seen with an
unbanded male, later displaced by Alimak G/C. The pair ignored the ledge prepared for

22
them by state capitol staff and probably nested elsewhere, at an undiscovered site. They
presumably failed, for the fourth consecutive year, because no young appeared in midsummer
[Grand Island, north of Munising, Alger County, Michigan. Joe Rogers reports
that since the Forest Service put a campground above the peregrine nest site, there has
been no nesting there.]
[Trap Hills, Ontonagon County, Michigan. Joe Rogers reports that one peregrine
was seen here in a three-day observation period. No evidence of nesting.]
SOUTH DAKOTA
[Sioux Falls, Minnehaha County, South Dakota. No report of any peregrine
activity in 2002.]
NEBRASKA
64. SP-Woodmen Tower, Omaha, Douglas County, Nebraska. John Dinan and
Carey Grell, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, report that eight-year-old male
Zeus X/R, here for the seventh year, paired again with three-year-old female Amelia
*E/*V, here for the second year. Again, both birds were observed at the site throughout
the winter of 2001-2002. Four eggs were laid by April 10, the first egg hatched on May
7, and all had hatched by May 13. All four young, three females and a male, were
banded on May 24. The male nestling was found dead on June 10; it apparently had
fallen from the nest ledge. The remaining three young fledged by June 19.
IOWA
65. SP-Firstar Bank, Cedar Rapids, Linn County, Iowa. Pat Schlarbaum, Bruce
Ehresman, Iowa DNR, and Jodeane Cancilla, Macbride Raptor Project, report that fouryear-old
female *S/*5, nesting here for the third time, and eleven-year-old male 64X
(identified previously as 64T), here for the tenth year, produced four eggs, hatched three,
and fledged two females and a male.
66. SP-American Republic, Des Moines, Polk County, Iowa. Pat Schlarbaum
and Bruce Ehresman, Iowa DNR, report that eleven-year-old female 13R, nesting here
for the tenth year, paired again with eleven-year-old male 93T, his ninth year at this site.
Their first nest failed, they re-nested and fledged one young male.
67. SP-MidAmerica Energy, Quad Cities, Scott County, Iowa. New Site. Pat
Schlarbaum, Iowa DNR, reports that three-year-old female Scorpio 8/*E, hacked in 1999
at Muncie, Indiana, paired with three-year-old male P/D, hacked in 1999 at Dubuque,
Iowa. They fledged three young, two females and a male.
[Centennial Bridge, Davenport, Scott County, Iowa. Although peregrines nested
on this bridge in 2001, Pat Schlarbaum, IA DNR, and Shawn Diedrich report that there
was no peregrine nesting on this bridge this year. Schlarbaum suspects that both of the
birds at MidAmerica Energy, pair 67, moved there from the bridge.]

23
68. SP-Lansing cliff, Lansing, Allamakee County, Iowa. Bob Anderson, Raptor
Resource Project, reports that four-year-old female Vector X/*D, fledged in 1998 at NSP
Sherco, Becker, Minnesota, and here for the first time, paired with five-year-old male
Alpha *T/M, nesting here for the fourth year. They fledged two young, one of each sex.
69. SP-MEC Louisa, Louisa County, Iowa. Jim Haack, MidAmerica Energy,
reports that a pair of peregrines was here for the second year. They nested successfully
on the smokestack, producing three eggs, hatching two, and fledging one young male.
The adult female was three-year-old Murphy Z/V, fledged in 1999 at NSP Riverside,
Minneapolis, Minnesota, and here for the second year. The adult male was not identified.
ILLINOIS
70. SP-125 S. Wacker, Chicago, Cook County, Illinois. Female Dory *C/4, here
for the fourth year, paired with sixteen-year-old Jingles, and fledged two young males,
according to Mary Hennen, Field Museum.
71. SP-Jackson Street Prison, Chicago, Cook County, Illinois. An unidentified
adult pair (both with black/red bands) nested in an inaccessible area here for the fifth
year. Four young were seen in the nest. One young male escaped from prison, was
grounded, banded, and released after rehabilitation. The other three were not banded,
according to Mary Hennen.
72. SP-Uptown Theatre, Chicago, Cook County, Illinois. Mary Hennen reports
that an unbanded adult male paired with five-year-old female Zoom *4/H, fledged in
1997 at North Central Life, St. Paul, Minnesota. They fledged two young, one of each
sex.
73. SP-Midwest Generation, Waukegon, Chicago, Cook County, Illinois. Mary
Hennen reports that three-year-old female Fran 5/*X paired with an unidentified banded
male, produced four eggs, and fledged four young, three males and a female, all banded.
This is the second year for this building site. Fran 5/*X was caught and identified during
banding. She was probably also here in 2001.
74. SP-University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, Cook County, Illinois. Fourth
year for this site. Five-year-old female Rosie 6/D and nine-year-old male Joshua b/r
0/*A, fledged in 1993 at WPL Edgewater Generating Station, Sheboygan, Wisconsin,
produced four eggs, hatched three, and fledged three young, two females and a male.
Rosie 6/D has been identified here each year since 1999. Joshua b/r 0/*A probably has
been her mate all along but was not identified in earlier years.
75. SP-“River Birds” Various sites near Execu-Stay Marriot/Allerton Hotel,
Chicago, Cook County, Illinois. Mary Hennen reports that twelve-year-old female Oog
62V and thirteen-year-old male Fast Eddy 88Y nested this year back on the Execu-Stay
Marriot, fledging two young, a male and a female. Oog 62V was captured and blood
taken during banding.
76. SP-Unitarian Church, Hyde Park, Chicago, Cook County, Illinois. Mary
Hennen reports that eleven-year-old female Magnolia 22R and twelve-year-old male

24
Orion 77T nested here for the sixth year on a decorative ledge with no nest box or gravel
tray. They fledged one female young.
77. SP-96 th Street and Skyway Bridge, Chicago, Cook County, Illinois. New Site
(although exact location not known). Chicago Animal Control picked up a newly fledged
male peregrine here that was rehabbed and released elsewhere because the exact location
of its nest was not known.
78. LE-5821 Broadway, Irving Park, Chicago, Cook County, Illinois. Mary
Hennen reports that female Eleanor 2/8, now nine years old, paired for the ninth year
with twelve-year-old male Franklin 95T, laid eggs but failed to hatch them.
79. LE-Pilson Park, Throop Street, Chicago, Cook County, Illinois. New Site.
Mary Hennen reports that two young were hatched. At banding, one was removed for
treatment of a leg injury caused by entanglement with twine; this bird died in rehab. The
other young was banded but died in the nest before fledging. Both adults are banded b/g;
one is L/?.
80. NB-Lakeview, Chicago, Cook County, Illinois. This site was omitted from
last year’s report, but in fact nesting took place and young hatched but did not fledge.
Mary Hennen reports that a pair was present here this year but there was no confirmation
of nesting, despite regular observations. The adults have not been identified.
[First United Methodist Church, Evanston, Cook County, Illinois. Mary Hennen
says that after three years of nesting here, this site was not used in 2002. The nest here in
2001 failed, perhaps encouraging desertion of the site. The female here in 2001, Zoom
*4/H, nested this year at Uptown Theatre, pair 72.]
INDIANA
81. SP-One Summit Center, Fort Wayne, Allen County, Indiana. Eight-year-old
female Freedom U/*8, seventh year nesting at this site, paired again with seven-year-old
male Roosevelt R/*4, his sixth year here. They produced four eggs by about March 23,
hatched two April 24 and 25, and fledged two young, probably males, in early June,
according to John Castrale, Indiana DNR, John Winebrenner, and John Meyer. Adults
and both young were chasing prey on July 8.
82. SP-Market Tower, Indianapolis, Marion County, Indiana. John Castrale
reports that nine-year-old male Kinney 7/*3 paired with a new female, tentatively
identified as four-year-old Chantal *B/*C, fledged in 1998 at Froedtert Malt, Milwaukee,
Wisconsin. Female Scout 28W nested here for eight years and was present in February
and half of March, but was replaced by the new female near the time of egg laying. Four
eggs were laid March 21 to 28, all hatched April 28 to 30, and four young fledged, two
females and two males, June 8 to 10.
83. SP-Cline Avenue at Lake Michigan, East Chicago, Lake County, Indiana.
This site has produced 35 young peregrines in 14 years. This year, a new female b/r
*U/3, origin not yet tracked down, replaced Laurie E/*H and paired with ten-year-old
male Marty 53Z, his ninth year at this site. Joy Bower saw a pair near the highway
expansion joint used in 2001 in early spring. On April 14, two adults were at the

25
traditional nest ledge, where at least three eggs were laid. Three hatched between May
24 and 31 and all three fledged by July 7. They were not banded because of scheduling
problems with the needed equipment. One chick died soon after fledging, probably after
injury in a vehicle collision. A third brownish adult was seen near the site on May 24 by
John Castrale. He thinks that the timing here this year suggests a failed first clutch and
re-nesting.
84. SP-U.S. Steel, Gary, Lake County, Indiana. Twelve-year-old male Vulcan
79T, here for the tenth year, paired with three-year-old female Crystal X/*K, here for the
second year. An egg was laid in each of two nest boxes before four were laid and
incubated in still a third box in early April; two of these hatched, and two young fledged
in mid-June, a male and a female, according to John Castrale and Ted Weitzel.
85. SP-NIPSCO Bailly Plant/Bethlehem Steel, Porter, Porter County, Indiana.
Seven-year-old female Barb E/*L, her fifth year here, and nine-year-old male Bailly 4/9,
his seventh year here, produced four eggs before April 11, hatched all four by May 17,
and fledged three females and a male in mid-June, according to John Castrale, Mel
Waldo, and Dave Linn. The young male was found dead in early July. This pair
switches between a smokestack box (1996, 98, 99, 02) and a steel mill (97, 00, 01) a mile
apart.
86. SP-NIPSCO Schahfer Plant, Wheatfield, Jasper County, Indiana. John
Castrale and Barry Matzat report that three-year-old female Latesha Z/K, here for the
second year, paired again with six-year-old male Rollin K/*8, here for the fifth year.
They had four eggs, all hatched by April 30. On May 9, Matzat saw one dead chick and
at least two live chicks. On May 17, two small mummified chicks and one live chick
were present. The survivor was banded on May 17 and fledged in mid June.
87. SP-NIPSCO Plant, Michigan City, La Porte County, Indiana. John Castrale
and John Derouin report that four-year-old female Cloud Dancer *B/*G, here for the
third year, and seven-year-old Uncle Billy 3/*B, his seventh year here, produced five
eggs for the third year in a row and fledged three young, two females and a male, banded
on May 17 and presumably all fledged by mid-June.
88. SP-Kokomo Gas and Power, Kokomo, Howard County, Indiana. Peregrines
were seen here intermittently in 2000 but did not nest. A pair nested in 2001, according
to Wayne Yoder and John Castrale. This year, probably the same individuals as last year
nested, produced five eggs by May 6, and fledged four young, three females and a male
around June 24. The adult male is four-year-old *T/U, here certainly for the second year
and probably the third. His mate is two-year-old Athena W/T, fledged in 2000 at One
Summit Center, Fort Wayne, Indiana, here for the second year. One young bird was
found dead on July 22.
89. SP-IPL Stout Plant, Indianapolis, Marion County, Indiana. New Site. John
Castrale reminds us that an unbanded one-year-old female was seen at this building site
with an adult male with a b/r band in 2001. They did not nest. This year, what seems
almost certain to be the same pair nested, produced four eggs by April 10, and fledged
four young, two males and two females, beginning June 7. The adult female was
captured at banding, named Star, and banded b/g 3/*S. The male is six-year-old Orion

26
L/*8, fledged at One Summit Center, Fort Wayne, Indiana, in 1996. One juvenile was
found dead on June 24.
90. LE-Inland Steel, East Chicago, Lake County, Indiana. John Castrale and
Todd Mintzer report nesting for a seventh year at an inaccessible site in an abandoned
building with restricted access. Incubation was seen on an I-beam on April 11, but no
birds were seen on May 17. The nesting attempt appears to have failed.
91. NB-Tower Building, South Bend, St. Joseph County, Indiana. Carole Riewe
reported that a pair of falcons had been seen downtown for about a week by April 24.
They visited a box used for releases in 1993. The female is an unbanded one-year-old;
the male is Apollo G/W, fledged at Fort Wayne, Indiana, in 2000 On May 1, a banded
immature male appeared and interacted with the pair. No nesting took place.
OHIO
92. SP-Commodore Perry Motor Inn, Toledo, Lucas County, Ohio. Dave Scott
and Bill Roshak, Ohio Division of Wildlife, report that five-year-old female *7/X and
five-year-old male Fury *G/A, both here for the fourth year, produced four eggs and
fledged two young, a male and a female, by June 15. Fury *G/A was injured beyond
repair on April 28, perhaps by another falcon. A second male was present soon after
Fury’s injury. Supplemental food was provided for about a month.
93. SP-Terminal Tower, Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, Ohio. Dave Scott and
Tom Henry, Ohio Division of Wildlife, and Scott Wright report that ten-year-old female
Zenith 23W was killed on March 29 in a fight with female S/*W, fledged in 1999 at Gulf
Tower, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. S/*W nested last year at LTV Steel, Cleveland. She
paired at Terminal Tower this year with six-year-old male Buckeye *R/K, here for the
third year. They produced four eggs and were halfway through incubation before the
return of Zenith 23W. [In last year’s fight here, Clearpath *5/A was still laying when
Zenith 23W showed up and killed her.] Four young, three males and a female, fledged in
early June this year.
Zenith 23W left her Terminal Tower territory for each of the past nine
winters, presumably migrating south. Her vacant territory has often been occupied by a
new female, resulting in a serious battle on Zenith’s return. Four of these fights were
documented. In three, Zenith prevailed, once killing her opponent. This year, she finally
met her own death. Migratory behavior in Midwestern peregrines is under some degree
of genetic influence. The various genetic stocks used in restoration came originally from
both migratory and non-migratory wild populations. The resulting discordance in
migratory behavior, with some individuals migrating and others remaining over winter, is
the most conspicuous mal-adaptation in the new population. Clearly urban Midwestern
peregrines do not need to migrate south for the winter, as shown by the many individuals
that over-winter successfully. When one does migrate and returns to find its territory
taken over by a newcomer, the inevitable battle is often especially severe because each
individual likely views itself as the proper owner. Across the Midwest, several falcons
have been killed in these fights. Selection over the years ahead may be expected to

27
reduce any behavior with a heritable component that results in lowered production of
surviving offspring.
[LTV Steel, Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, Ohio. Other than occasional sightings,
this site, used last year, was not active in 2002.]
94. SP-Hilliard Road Bridge, Lakewood, Cuyahoga County, Ohio. Dave Scott
and Tom Henry report that eight-year-old female Athena 5/V and nine-year-old male
Buckeye 3/1 nested on this bridge for the fifth year. The pair produced four eggs that
hatched around May 7. Three males and a female fledged in mid-June. The Ohio
Department of Transportation assisted with the banding. Athena 5/V was very aggressive
at banding time; Dave Scott would like his hat back.
95. SP-Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, Ohio. Dave Scott and
Tom Henry report that three-year-old male Flash *3/*H, fledged in 1999 at One Summit
Square, Fort Wayne, Indiana, paired with three-year-old female Liberty C/W, fledged in
1999 at the Lazarus Building, Dayton, Ohio. They had four eggs, hatched three, and
fledged three females in early June.
96. SP-Bohn Building, Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, Ohio. An unbanded female
paired with ten-year-old male A/2, fledged in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1992. They
produced four eggs, two hatched, and a male and a female fledged around June 7,
according to Dave Scott and Tom Henry, Ohio Division of Wildlife. The young male
died on his first flight from the nest.
97. SP-Cuyahoga River I-90 Bridge, Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, Ohio. Third
year for this site. An unbanded adult male and a new female, Shenandoah E/*R, fledged
in 2000 from Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, produced three eggs and fledged three
young, two males and a female, according to Tom Henry and Dave Scott. The Ohio
Department of Transportation provided access to the nest under the bridge.
98. SP-Chemed Center, Cincinnati, Hamilton County, Ohio. Dave Scott and
Rick Jasper report that twelve-year-old male Falcor 29X and four-year-old female
Princess *B/*S, here for the third year, produced four eggs, three hatched, two females
and a male. One of the females died before fledging. Two fledged, a male and a female,
around June 14.
99. SP-Miami Fort Station, Cinergy, Cleves, Hamilton County, Ohio. Peregrines
nested at this power plant, located 20 miles west of Cincinnati, for the sixth year. The
male was eight-year-old River Ace 7/*A, nesting successfully here for the fifth year, and
four-year-old female Mary Ellen *B/*B, here for the third year. Five eggs were laid in
late February and early March, all hatched, and four males and one female fledged
around May 15, according to Dave Scott and Rick Jasper. River Ace 7/*A was found
dead on a road on April 11 near the nest site. A new male was seen at the nest site within
five days and appeared to be feeding the female and her young. Supplemental food was
provided for about six weeks. The young fledged without incident.
100. SP-AT&T Building, Dayton, Montgomery County, Ohio. Dave Scott and
Rick Jasper, Ohio Division of Wildlife, report that twelve-year-old male Mercury 21X
paired with a new three-year-old female, Snowball 3/*B, fledged at Bohn Building,

28
Cleveland, Ohio, at the third building used in the past three years. Four eggs were laid,
three hatched, and one male and two females fledged around June 8.
101. SP-First Merit Bank, Akron, Summit County, Ohio. Four-year-old female
Chesapeake *P/*S, here for the second year, and seven-year-old male Bandit 3/*P, here
for the sixth year, produced four eggs and fledged four young, three females and a male,
around June 13, according to Dave Scott and Tom Henry.
102. SP-Ironton/Russell Bridge, Lawrence County, Ohio/Greenup County,
Kentucky. Dave Scott and Keith Morrow, Ohio Division of Wildlife, report that an
unbanded male and four-year-old female Lucy black *B/0, fledged in 1998 in Toronto,
Ontario, nested for the second year in a large hollow beam under the road surface of this
Ohio River bridge. They produced four eggs and hatched all four by April 22. One
young was found dead in the hollow beam prior to fledging. Only two of the other three
were seen briefly on the bridge outside the nest site in early June, suggesting that only
two might have fledged successfully. Subsequent sightings of adults without any young
suggest that no young survived here beyond mid-June.
103. LE-J.M. Stuart Power Plant, Aberdeen, Brown County, Ohio. New Site.
A banded but unidentified female and an unidentified male laid at least three eggs at this
power plant before March 20 but the nest failed before April 29, according to Dave Scott.
Falcons were also reported at the Aberdeen Ohio River Bridge in April and May.
104. NB-Rhodes State Office Tower, Columbus, Franklin County, Ohio. Dave
Scott and Donna Daniel, Ohio Division of Wildlife, report that the resident male Bandit
(unbanded, but identity presumed by plumage and behavior), here for the ninth year
paired with a banded but unidentified female, but no nesting occurred. Last year’s female
here, Katie *B/*U, was injured just before the nesting season.
105. NB-Bank One, Canton, Stark County, Ohio. Last year a pair failed at this
site. This year, a single falcon was seen in February and a pair was reported on a nearby
church in late May.
106. NB-Bank One, Lima, Allen County, Ohio. Last year, Dave Scott and Bill
Roshak reported that a pair of one-year-old falcons were present here but did not nest.
On August 16, 2001, the male, Pfdotcom 5/*R, was identified by Judy Yerkey in Detroit,
Michigan. This year a single falcon was seen in early March. In April, male Maddox
K/M was identified here; he fledged from the Bohn Building in Cleveland in 2000. Dave
Scott suspects that Maddox K/M may be the “new” male that showed in Toledo after the
resident male there was injured, but this was not confirmed. Two falcons were seen in
late April, and female Charger 1/*7, fledged in 2001 in Fort Wayne, Indiana, was
identified in July.
KANSAS
107. NB-Kansas Power and Light, Topeka, Shawnee County, Kansas. Joanne
Brier and E. Potter report that two peregrines were seen here intermittently from March
23 to at least July 18. Brier saw bands on one bird on July 7. Again, both observers
think there may have been a nesting somewhere in the Topeka area, but there is no solid
evidence.

29
MISSOURI
108. SP-Commerce Tower, Kansas City, Jackson County, Missouri. Debra
Bernardos, Missouri Department of Conservation, reports that an unidentified adult pair
nested here, produced four eggs and fledged four young. They were not banded.
109. SP-Interco Building, Clayton, St. Louis County, Missouri. Mike Cooke
reports that female R/*A, here for five, possibly six years, paired again with an unbanded
male, probably the bird that killed his predecessor and took over the territory in spring
2000. Two male young were fledged.
110. SP-AmerenUE, Labadie Power Station, St. Louis, St. Louis County,
Missouri. New Site. Peregrines have been hacked at this site every year since 1994.
This year, Mike Cooke reports that a pair nested in a box on a catwalk 450 feet up on a
smokestack. The parents were not identified. Three young fledged, two males and a
female.
111. LE-Plaza/Regency Apartment, Kansas City, Jackson County, Missouri.
New Site. A pair of adult falcons laid four eggs in a planter on an apartment balcony, but
the nest failed in incubation, according to Debra Bernardos, Missouri Department of
Conservation.
112. LE-McKinley Bridge, St. Louis, St. Louis County, Missouri / East St.
Louis, Madison County, Illinois. Mike Cooke reports a pair nested here again this year
but that he was not able to check on the results.
113. LE-I-270 Old Chain of Rocks Bridge, St. Louis, St. Louis County,
Missouri. Mike Cooke reports that a pair nested here this year, but he was not able to
check on the results.
[Chase Park Plaza, St. Louis, St. Louis County, Missouri. Mike Cooke reports
that this site was vacant this year after ten years of peregrine occupancy.]
[St. Louis University Hospital, St. Louis County, Missouri. This site was vacant
this year, according to Mike Cooke.]
KENTUCKY
114. SP-Kentucky Utilities Ghent Station, Ghent, Carroll County, Kentucky.
Male b/r *5/*9 (identity not positive this year) paired with an unidentified female. Four
eggs were laid and four young fledged, two females and two males. One male and one
female died before dispersing, according to Shawchyi Vorisek and Matt Dzialak
115. SP-U.S. 421 bridge, Ohio River, Milton, Trimble County, Kentucky. John
Castrale reports that a newly fledged peregrine was picked up wet in Madison, Indiana,
on June 16. He went to the site on June 22 and saw a pair of adult peregrines visiting one
location under this bridge and heard more than one young calling. One adult, probably
the male, was not banded. The other adult’s band status was not determined, nor was the
number of young fledged (for the database, we assumed two were fledged). Castrale
thinks that the young falcon picked up wet was not from the nest on this bridge.

30
116. SP-Ohio River Kennedy Bridge (I-65), Jeffersonville, Indiana/Louisville,
Jefferson County, Kentucky. Shawchyi Vorisek reports that a pair nested on a nearby
railroad bridge (also used in 1995). At least one young fledged according to Gary
Michael. The adults were not identified.
117. LE-Louisville Gas and Electric Company (LG&E), Bedford, Trimble
County, Kentucky. Five-year-old female Natasha *6/Y paired again with five –year-old
male Greyfire *K/V. Matt Dzialak reports that three separate clutches were laid here,
two, two, and one egg. In each case, the eggs were missing or destroyed within several
days of laying. No young hatched.
MANITOBA
Tracy Maconachie, Manitoba Wildlife Branch, supplied the following
information on Manitoba falcons
118. SP-Delta Winnipeg Hotel, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Thirteen-year old female
Madame 52V over-wintered again and paired with for the second year with her six-yearold
son Trey black 2/8, fledged here in 1996. Trey 2/8 migrates. A clutch of four eggs
was laid, then abandoned. Re-nesting produced three eggs, one hatched and one young
female fledged. This nesting was eerily similar to this pair’s performance in 2001.
119. LE-McKenzie Seed Building, Brandon, Manitoba. A new pair for this site
produced four eggs but the nest was abandoned on June 9 or 10, probably because of a
severe storm. The male is seven-year-old black *7/9, fledged here in 1995 and with no
other recorded nesting attempt. The female is black 1/*T (?), place of origin not yet
tracked down (possibly Wyoming).
ONTARIO
Ted Armstrong and Steve Sholten, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, and
Brian Ratcliff, Thunder Bay Field Naturalists, sent the following summary of
peregrine nesting in the Ontario Lake Superior basin. Brian Ratcliff organized a team
of climbers again this year. They banded 38 young falcons at 13 cliff sites, most
reached by hiking and climbing and some by helicopter. Many of the Ontario sites are
much more difficult to reach than most sites in the Midwestern U.S. The climbers this
year were Frank Pianka and other members of the Alpine Club of Canada.
120. SP-Mt. McKay, Thunder Bay, Ontario. Brian Ratcliff reports that the adults
here were not identified this year. Four young fledged, three females and a male, all
banded on June 27, ages 27 to 30 days.
121. SP-Mt. McRae, about three km from Mt. McKay, Thunder Bay, Ontario.
Four-year-old male black *3/R, fledged in 1998 at Squaretop Mountain, Ontario, and an
unbanded female fledged four young, two of each sex. Brian Ratcliff’s team banded
them on June 25, ages 24 to 26 days.
122. SP-Pie Island, Turtle Head, Ontario. On a helicopter flight on June 12,
Brian Ratcliff saw three young about ten days old and one egg from the helicopter. On a

31
return helicopter visit on July 2, two chicks about 37 days old were seen. They were not
banded.
123. SP-Pie Island, Le Pate, Ontario. Three chicks about 22 days old were seen
from a helicopter on July 2. They were not banded and the adults were not identified.
124. SP-Pie Island, East Side, Ontario. A female on three eggs was seen from a
helicopter on June 12. On July 2, she was still on the nest; one chick about ten days old
was seen and there may have been more.
125. SP-Squaw Bay, Ontario. Brian Ratcliff banded three young here on July 1,
two males and a female. The adult male is not banded; his mate was not identified.
126. SP-Squaretop Mountain, Ontario. The adults here were not identified this
year. They fledged three young, a female and two males, all banded on June 29, at three
weeks of age.
127. SP-Mink Bay, Ontario. The adult female at this site is not banded and the
male’s banding status was not determined. Brian Ratcliff reports that two young, a
female and a male, were banded here on June 28 at 22 and 23 days of age.
[NW Mollie Mountain, Ontario. On June 12 a single adult was seen from a
helicopter. No nest was found and there was no return visit to the site.]
128. SP-Thunder Cape, Sleeping Giant Provincial Park, Ontario. One young bird
about 35 days old was seen from a helicopter on a heavily vegetated ledge on July 2. It
was not banded.
129 SP-Whitefish Lake, Ontario. Brian Ratcliff reports that a pair of unidentified
adults fledged four young, three males and a female, banded on July 3, at ages ranging
from 23 to 28 days.
130. SP-Dorion Tower, Ontario. New Site. Brian Ratcliff banded one young, a
24-day-old male, here on July 18.
131. SP-Nipigon River Mouth, Nipigon, Ontario. The adult male here is not
banded. Four young were banded on June 30, three males and a female, ages ranging
from 28 to 33 days.
132. SP-Kama Bay, Ontario. Second year for this site. The adult female has a
b/r band. Three young were banded on June 30, two males and a female, just over four
weeks old.
133. SP-Old Woman Bay, Lake Superior Provincial Park, Ontario. A pair was on
territory here on May 28. Carol Dersch reported two chicks about 20 days old on June
18. They were not banded.
134. SP-Devil’s Warehouse Island, Lake Superior Provincial Park, Ontario. The
adult female here was not banded and therefore is new to the site. Her mate is twelveyear-old
red 1/9, here at least since 1996. One young was fledged and banded, a female,
16 days old.

32
135. SP-Red Sucker Cove, Marathon, Ontario. Chris Porter reported three chicks
here on June 8. On June 24, the banding team saw both adults, did not locate the nest,
and were forced by rain to leave.
136. SP-Caribou Island, Ontario. Second year for this site. Brian Ratcliff reports
that unidentified adults fledged three female young, all banded on July 2, ages 18 to 20
days.
137. SP-Pukaskwa Point, South of Pukaskwa National Park. Two young were
fledged here, a male and a female, both banded when just over three weeks old. Both
adults wore black bands, indicating that they were wild-produced in Canada.
138. SP-Pukaskwa Depot, 5 km south of Richardson Harbor, Pukaskwa National
Park, Ontario. Second year for this site. Four male young were fledged and banded, ages
23 to 26 days. The adults were not identified.
[Otter Cove, Pukaskwa National Park, Ontario. No falcon activity reported here
this year.]
year.]
[Haviland Bay, north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. No activity reported here this
139. LE-Copper Cliff Road West, Ontario. On June 12, four eggs were observed
from a helicopter. On July 17, the banding team found the nest empty and no sign of
adults.
140. LE-Lomond River, Ontario. Second year for this site. On June 12, a b/g
banded female was brooding two chicks about seven days old. On July 2, the nest was
empty and no adults were seen.
141. LE-South Gillies. Second year for this site. Brian Ratcliff reports that the
banding team found three dead chicks in the nest and no sign of adults on July 4. The
chicks had died at about 21 days of age.
142. LE-Milne Road, Ontario. New Site. On July 5, the banding team found two
chicks in the nest, ages 11 and 12 days, too young to band. On July 17, the nest was
empty. The adult female has a b/g band ?/G and a purple USFWS band, indicating
banding in the U.S. Midwest.
143. NB-Flatland Harbor, Ontario. A pair of peregrines was seen here on April
21. No birds were seen from helicopter on June 12.
year.]
[Robertson Lake, near Goulais River, Ontario. No activity reported here this
144. NB-Pie Island, Greenstone Point, Ontario. Julian Holenstein reported a pair
of peregrines here on April 13. No birds were seen on helicopter flights on June 12 and
July 2.
[Point Isacor, Ontario. Carol Dersch and Joel Cooper located a pair at this
location on June 7. Return trips on the ground on June 18, 19, and 21 found no sign of
the birds.]

33
[S of Adam’s Apple, Sleeping Giant Provincial Park, Ontario. No peregrine
activity at this site this year.]
Iowa
PEREGRINE RELEASES IN 2002
Palo, Linn County, Iowa. Four young from Bruce Haak were hacked here by Bob
Anderson. All fledged successfully.
Missouri
Rush Island Power Plant, Festus, St. Louis County. Three young from Walter
Crawford, World Bird Sanctuary, were hacked here, according to Mike Cooke.
Kentucky
Daniel Boone National Forest, Powell County. Matt Dzialak, University of
Kentucky, reports that 12 young peregrines, ten from Mark Bolton and two from Bill
Murphy, were obtained for release. One was kept in a rehab facility for treatment.
Eleven were hacked at a cliff site. Three died before or during dispersal and eight
dispersed successfully
In sum for 2002, 284 young were fledged by wild pairs and 18 young were
released from captive pairs, for a total of 302.

34
Table 3. Birds banded from the wild in the Midwest, 2002. (All U.S. birds
given a purple annodized USFWS band and a black/green color band.. All
Canadian birds given a black color band).
SITE BAND NO. COLOR BAND SEX
Minnesota
Cargill Elevator, Lake City 1807-91935 4/*1 f
Cargill Elevator, Lake City 1807-91936 58/B f
Cargill Elevator, Lake City 2206-62871 64/K m
Cargill Elevator, Red Wing 2206-62872 65/K m
Cargill Elevator, Red Wing 2206-62873 66K m
Cargill Elevator, Red Wing 2206-62874 67/K m
Castle Cliff, Castle Haven 1807-62101 8/*8 f
Castle Cliff, Castle Haven 2206-69818 87/K m
Colonnade, Minneapolis 1807-35943 16/B f
Colonnade, Minneapolis 2206-62882 21/K m
Colonnade, Minneapolis 2206-69820 22/K m
Corundum Point 1807-62102 9/*2 f
Corundum Point 1807-62103 61/B f
Corundum Point 2206-62793 38/M m
Ford Parkway Bridge, Minneapolis 1807-35950 7/*6 f
Ford Parkway Bridge, Minneapolis 1807-35949 6/*9 m
Ford Parkway Bridge, Minneapolis 2206-62792 81/K m
Great River Bluffs State Park, Queens Bluff 1807-35948 9/*7 f
Great River Bluffs State Park, Queens Bluff 2206-62749 53/K m
Great River Bluffs State Park, Queens Bluff 2206-62791 80/K m
I-94 Bridge, Minneapolis 2206-69819 86/K m
John Latsch State Park, Faith 2206-62885 50/K m
John Latsch State Park, Faith 2206-62743 51/K m
John Latsch State Park, Faith 2206-62748 52/K m
Mendota Bridge, Fort Snelling State Park 1807-35944 17/B f
Mendota Bridge, Fort Snelling State Park 2206-62883 U/B m
MPL Boswell Energy Center, Cohasset 1807-91928 Z/T f
MPL Boswell Energy Center, Cohasset 1807-91929 4/*5 f
MPL Boswell Energy Center, Cohasset 1807-91930 0/*3 f
Multifoods Tower, Minneapolis 1807-62107 81/B f
Multifoods Tower, Minneapolis 2206-69822 57/M m
Multifoods Tower, Minneapolis 2206-69821 56/M m
NorthShore Mining, Silver Bay 2206-69817 55/M m
NSP High Bridge, St. Paul 1807-91931 1/*G f
NSP High Bridge, St. Paul 2206-62869 63/K m
NSP King, Bayport 1807-91927 0/*P f
NSP Monticello, Monticello 1807-91972 41/B f
NSP Monticello, Monticello 1807-91973 42/B f
NSP Monticello, Monticello 1807-91974 43/B f

SITE BAND NO. COLOR BAND SEX
NSP Monticello, Monticello 2206-62876 15/M m
NSP Riverside, Minneapolis 1807-91990 39/B f
NSP Riverside, Minneapolis 1807-91971 40/B f
NSP Riverside, Minneapolis 2206-62875 68/K m
Palisade Head 1807-35945 8/*9 f
Palisade Head 1807-35946 9/*B f
Palisade Head 2206-62884 48/K m
Cargill Elevator, Lake City 1807-91969 57/B f
Wisconsin
Alliant Energy Nelson Dewey, Cassville 1807-91932 8/*2 f
Alliant Energy Nelson Dewey, Cassville 1807-91933 2/*R f
Alliant Energy Nelson Dewey, Cassville 1807-91934 0/*C f
Alliant Energy Nelson Dewey, Cassville 2206-62870 69/K m
Busch Agricultural Complex, Manitowoc 1807-91925 3/*W f
Busch Agr. Complex, Manitowoc 1807-91917 0/*B f
Busch Agr. Complex, Manitowoc 1807-91924 0/*T f
Busch Agr. Complex, Manitowoc 2206-62796 44/H m
Castle Rock 1807-91981 50/B f
Castle Rock 2206-47686 23/M m
Castle Rock 2206-47687 24/M m
Dairyland Cooperative, Alma 1807-91977 46/B f
Dairyland Cooperative, Alma 1807-91978 47/B f
Dairyland Cooperative, Alma 2206-47682 19/M m
Dairyland Cooperative, Alma 2206-47683 20/M m
Dairyland Cooperative, Genoa 1807-91976 45/B f
Dairyland Cooperative, Genoa 2206-47681 17/M m
Dairyland Cooperative, Genoa 2206-62878 18/M m
Froedtert Malt, Milwaukee 1807-77783 16/A f
Froedtert Malt, Milwaukee 2206-62784 N/Z m
Froedtert Malt, Milwaukee 2206-62783 80/H m
Kewaunee Nuclear Power Plant, Kewaunee 1807-91923 8/*5 f
Kewaunee Nuclear Power Plant, Kewaunee 2206-62868 43/H m
Kewaunee Nuclear Power Plant, Kewaunee 2206-62844 42/H m
Kewaunee Nuclear Power Plant, Kewaunee 2206-62797 41/H m
Maassen Bluff 1807-91921 G/*1 f
Maiden Rock 1807-91918 1/*2 f
Maiden Rock 1807-91919 0/*6 f
Maiden Rock 1807-91920 C/*1 f
Maiden Rock 2206-62845 17/K m
Miller Brewery, Milwaukee 2206-28946 40/H m
Racine County Courthouse, Racine 1807-91922 0/*8 f
WEPCO Oak Creek Power Plant, Milwaukee 1807-77782 14/A f
WEPCO Oak Creek Power Plant, Milwaukee 1807-77781 15/A f
WEPCO Oak Creek Power Plant, Milwaukee 1807-77780 2/*B f
35

SITE BAND NO. COLOR BAND SEX
WEPCO Oak Creek Power Plant, Milwaukee 2206-28951 H/18 m
WEPCO Pleasant Prairie Power Plant 2206-62795 23/K m
WEPCO Port Washington. 1807-77777 13/A f
WEPCO Port Washington. 2206-28950 N/Y m
WEPCO Port Washington. 2206-28960 U/T m
WEPCO Valley Power Plant, Milwaukee 2206-28959 L/T m
WEPCO Valley Power Plant, Milwaukee 2206-28957 83/H m
WEPCO Valley Power Plant, Milwaukee 2206-62867 82/H m
WEPCO Valley Power Plant, Milwaukee 1807-77778 2/*H m?
WPL Edgewater Station, Sheboygan 1807-77779 4/*8 f
WPL Edgewater Station, Sheboygan 1807-91926 7/*4 f
WPS Pulliam Power Plant, Green Bay 1807-69727 12/A f
WPS Pulliam Power Plant, Green Bay 1807-34741 08/A f
WPS Pulliam Power Plant, Green Bay 1807-34746 09/A f?
WPS Pulliam Power Plant, Green Bay 2206-28949 K/Z m
Michigan
Grand Haven Power and Light, Sims Plant 1807-34724 8/*4 f
Grand Haven Power and Light, Sims Plant 1807-34725 7/*9 f
Grand Haven Power and Light, Sims Plant 1807-34726 6/*7 m
National Steel, River Rouge 2206-41052 P/W m
Nebraska
Woodmen Tower, Omaha 1807-91943 13/B f
Woodmen Tower, Omaha 1807-91942 12/B f
Woodmen Tower, Omaha 1807-91941 11/B f
Woodmen Tower,Omaha 2206-62886 85/K m
Iowa
Firstar Bank, Cedar Rapids 1807-91958 29/B f
Firstar Bank, Cedar Rapids 1807-91959 28/B f
Firstar Bank, Cedar Rapids 2206-47671 05/M m
Lansing cliff, Lansing 1807-91975 44/B f
Lansing cliff, Lansing 2206-62877 16/M m
MEC Louisa 2206-47672 06/M m
MidAmerican Energy, Quad Cities 1807-91965 35/B f
MidAmerican Energy, Quad Cities 1807-91966 36/B f
MidAmerican Energy, Quad Cities 2206-47678 12/M m
Illinois
125 S. Wacker, Chicago 2206-47670 00/M m
125 S. Wacker, Chicago 2206-47669 01/M m
96th and Skyway, Chicago 2206-62889 03/M m
Execu-Stay Marriot/Allerton Hotel, Chicago 1807-77679 3/*R f
Execu-Stay Marriot/Allerton Hotel, Chicago 2206-62824 10/K m
Jackson Street Prison, Chicago 2206-47666 02/M m
Midwest Generation, Waukegon 1807-77797 5/*4 f
Midwest Generation, Waukegon 2206-62825 12/K m
36

37
SITE BAND NO. COLOR BAND SEX
Midwest Generation, Waukegon 2206-62826 13/K m
Midwest Generation, Waukegon 2206-62827 11/K m
Pilson Park, Throop Street, Chicago 1807-77680 47/A f
Unitarian Church, Hyde Park, Chicago 1807-77796 6/*8 f
University Hall, U. of Illinois, Chicago 1807-69735 9/*K f
University Hall, U. of Illinois, Chicago 1807-69739 9/*X f
University Hall, U. of Illinois, Chicago 2206-62823 09/K m
Uptown Theatre, Chicago 1807-77681 45/A f
Uptown Theatre, Chicago 1807-77682 9/*4 m
Indiana
IPL Stout Plant, Indianapolis 1807-34722 3/*S f
IPL Stout Plant, Indianapolis 1807-34723 2/*P f
IPL Stout Plant, Indianapolis 1807-77695 4/*9 f
IPL Stout Plant, Indianapolis 2206-62713 H/S m
IPL Stout Plant, Indianapolis 2206-62714 M/B m
Kokomo Gas and Power, Kokomo 1807-91916 63/A f
Kokomo Gas and Power, Kokomo 1807-91944 14/B f
Kokomo Gas and Power, Kokomo 1807-91945 15/B f
Kokomo Gas and Power, Kokomo 2206-62742 R/N m
Market Tower, Indianapolis 1807-77696 4/*W f
Market Tower, Indianapolis 1807-77697 8/*3 f
Market Tower, Indianapolis 2206-62715 M/R m
Market Tower, Indianapolis 2206-62716 N/T m
NIPSCO Bailly Plant/Bethlehem Steel, Burns 1807-91912 53/A f
Harbor
NIPSCO Bailly Plant/Bethlehem Steel, Burns 1807-91913 59/A f
Harbor
NIPSCO Bailly Plant/Bethlehem Steel, Burns 1807-91914 60/A f
Harbor
NIPSCO Bailly Plant/Bethlehem Steel, Burns 2206-62740 R/G m
Harbor
NIPSCO Power Plant, Michigan City 1807-77793 51/A f
NIPSCO Power Plant, Michigan City 1807-91911 52/A f
NIPSCO Power Plant, Michigan City 2206-62739 P/X m
NIPSCO Schahfer Plant, Wheatfield 1807-77700 1/*A ?
One Summit Square, Fort Wayne 1807-34720 W/K m
One Summit Square, Fort Wayne 1807-34721 9/*R m
U.S. Steel, Gary 1807-91915 61/A f
U.S. Steel, Gary 2206-62741 R/Z m
Ohio
AT&T Building, Dayton 1807-77792 34/A f
AT&T Building, Dayton 1807-35901 37/A f
AT&T Building, Dayton 2206-62858 39/K m
Bohn Building, Cleveland 1807-35934 41/A f

SITE BAND NO. COLOR BAND SEX
Bohn Building, Cleveland 2206-62859 40/K m
Chemed Center, Cincinnati 1807-35939 4/*2 f
Chemed Center, Cincinnati 1807-35940 5/*2 f
Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland 1807-35921 38/A f
Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland 1807-35932 39/A f
Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland 1807-35933 40/A f
Cnemed Center, Cincinnati 2206-62861 42/K m
Commodore Perry Motor Inn, Toledo 1807-77791 2/*1 f
Commodore Perry Motor Inn, Toledo 2206-62857 38/K m
First Merit Bank, Akron 1807-35935 0/*5 f
First Merit Bank, Akron 1807-35937 1/*5 f
First Merit Bank, Akron 1807-35938 3/*K f
First Merit Bank, Akron 2206-62860 41/K m
Hilliard Road Bridge, Lakewood 1807-35941 5/*7 f
Hilliard Road Bridge, Lakewood 2206-62862 43/K m
Hilliard Road Bridge, Lakewood 2206-62863 44/K m
Hilliard Road Bridge, Lakewood 2206-62864 45/K m
I-90 Bridge, Cuyagoga River, Cleveland 2206-62866 47/K m
I-90 Bridge, Cuyahoga River, Cleveland 1807-35942 6/*9 f
I-90 Bridge, Cuyahoga River, Cleveland 2206-62865 46/K m
Ironton/Russell Bridge, Ironton 1807-77790 2/*W f
Ironton/Russell Bridge, Ironton 2206-62854 35/K m
Ironton/Russell Bridge, Ironton 2206-62855 36/K m
Ironton/Russell Bridge, Ironton 2206-62856 37/K m
Miami Fort Station, Cleves 1807-77788 2/*A f
Miami Fort Station, Cleves 2206-62847 28/K m
Miami Fort Station, Cleves 2206-62848 29/K m
Miami Fort Station, Cleves 2206-62849 30/K m
Miami Fort Station, Cleves 2206-62850 31/K m
Terminal Tower, Cleveland 1807-77789 2/*E f
Terminal Tower, Cleveland 2206-62851 32K m
Terminal Tower, Cleveland 2206-62852 33K m
Terminal Tower, Cleveland 2206-62853 34K m
Missouri
AmerenUE, Labadie Power Sta., St. Louis 1807-96137 V/U f
AmerenUE, Labadie Power Sta., St. Louis 2206-32705 26/K m
AmerenUE, Labadie Power Sta., St. Louis 2206-32708 17/H m
Interco Building, Clayton 2206-32703 E/W m
Interco Building, Clayton 2206-32701 E/V m
Kentucky
KY Utilities Ghent Station, Ghent 1807-91937 00/B f
KY Utilities Ghent Station, Ghent 1807-91938 01/B f
KY Utilities Ghent Station, Ghent 2206-62879 70/K m
KY Utilities Ghent Station, Ghent 2206-62880 71/K m
38

SITE BAND NO. COLOR BAND SEX
Manitoba
Delta Winnipeg Hotel, Winnipeg 1807-13301 *8/E f
Ontario
Caribou Island 1807-18219 *S/5 f
Caribou Island 1807-18220 *T/5 f
Caribou Island 1807-18221 *U/5 f
Devil's Warehouse, L. Superior Prov.Park 1807-18207 *X/4 f
Dorion Tower 2206-08575 *1/5 m
Kama Bay 1807-18217 *P/5 f
Kama Bay 2206-08568 *1/4 m
Kama Bay 2206-08569 *3/4 m
Mink Bay 1807-18214 *H/5 f
Mink Bay 2206-08562 *4/3 m
Mr. McRae 1807-18210 *C/5 f
Mt. McKay 1807-18211 *D/5 f
Mt. McKay 1807-18212 *E/5 f
Mt. McKay 1807-18213 *G/5 f
Mt. McKay 2206-08561 *3/3 m
Mt. McRae 1807-18209 *B/5 f
Mt. McRae 2206-08559 *1/3 m
Mt. McRae 2206-08560 *2/3 m
Nipigon River Mouth 1807-18216 *M/5 f
Nipigon River Mouth 2206-08565 *7/3 m
Nipigon River Mouth 2206-08566 *8/3 m
Nipigon River Mouth 2206-08567 *9/3 m
Pukaskwa Depot, Pukaskwa Nat.Park 2206-08555 *5/5 m
Pukaskwa Depot, Pukaskwa Nat.Park 2206-08556 *6/2 m
Pukaskwa Depot, Pukaskwa Nat.Park 2206-08557 *7/2 m
Pukaskwa Depot, Pukaskwa Nat.Park 2206-08558 *8/2 m
Pukaskwa Point, S. of Pukaskwa Nat. Park 1807-18208 *A/5 f
Pukaskwa Point, S. of Pukaskwa Nat. Park 2206-08554 *4/2 m
Squaretop Mountain 1807-18215 *K/5 f
Squaretop Mountain 2206-08563 *5/3 m
Squaretop Mountain 2206-08564 *6/3 m
Squaw Bay 1807-18218 *R/5 f
Squaw Bay 2206-08570 *4/4 m
Squaw Bay 2206-08571 *5/4 m
Whitefish Lake 1807-18222 *V/5 f
Whitefish Lake 2206-08572 *7/4 m
Whitefish Lake 2206-08573 *8/4 m
Whitefish Lake 2206-08574 *9/4 m
39

40
Table 4. Band numbers of Peregrine Falcons hacked in the Midwest in 2002. (All
USFWS bands annodized gold, all color bands black/green.)
BAND NO. COLOR BAND SEX
Iowa
Arnold Nuclear Plant, Palo 1807-77717 6/*3 f
Arnold Nuclear Plant, Palo 2206-62813 60/K m
Arnold Nuclear Plant, Palo 2206-62812 62/K m
Arnold Nuclear Plant, Palo 2206-62802 61/K m
Missouri
Rush Island Power Plant, Festus 2206-32709 18/H m
Rush Island Power Plant, Festus 2206-32710 19/H m
Rush Island Power Plant, Festus 1807-96140 X/Y f
Kentucky
Daniel Boone National Forest 1807-77720 02/B f
Daniel Boone National Forest 1807-77721 03/B f
Daniel Boone National Forest 1807-77722 04/B f
Daniel Boone National Forest 1807-77723 05/B f
Daniel Boone National Forest 1807-77727 06/B f
Daniel Boone National Forest 1807-77728 79/K f
Daniel Boone National Forest 2206-62815 73/K m
Daniel Boone National Forest 2206-62816 74/K m
Daniel Boone National Forest 2206-62817 75/K m
Daniel Boone National Forest 2206-62818 76/K m
Daniel Boone National Forest 2206-62819 77/K m
Daniel Boone National Forest 2206-62820 78/K m
BLOOD SAMPLES
We continued collecting blood in 2002 from all released young and from all wild
young banded in the U.S., and from whatever wild breeders were handled. The goal is
provide the research base for measuring inbreeding, outbreeding, genetic variation,
changes in occupancy of territories, dispersal of adults and young, success of the different
genetic stocks introduced, development of genetic structure in the new Midwestern
population, and other topics yet to be thought of.
The peregrine blood samples collected over the years uniquely represent the
history of the Midwest population. Only a handful of eggs, study skins and skeletons,
acquired randomly, have been preserved, in contrast to the nearly full coverage of blood
samples saved. Sophisticated as current techniques of blood analysis may seem today,
they will be considered primitive in a few years. The blood specimens are in the
permanent tissue collections at the Bell Museum of Natural History, University of
Minnesota, where they are available for study now or in the future.

41
We need to continue to:
PLANS FOR THE FUTURE
• Identify all breeders.
• Band all wild young produced.
• Collect blood from all young and any adults handled.
• Appropriately manage pairs nesting on man-made structures.
• Monitor the newly-established peregrines on the river cliffs and on suitable cliffs
elsewhere in the region.
• Collect, coordinate, and circulate information among Midwest peregrine workers
through reports, meetings, and regular informal contacts.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The Midwest Peregrine Project is a cooperative effort involving many people and
organizations. The University of Minnesota provides the overall coordination of the
project through Mark Martell of the Raptor Center and Bud Tordoff of the Bell Museum
of Natural History and the Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior. We are able
to maintain our database on peregrines, which is the basis of the various reports you
receive, through the enthusiastic cooperation of people interested in peregrines in the 13
U.S. states and two Canadian provinces in our area. We thank all of you who have sent
us information. We are grateful to those who read parts of an early draft of this report for
help in detecting errors and omissions. Please let us know about mistakes that we
missed.
Support for the Minnesota part of the effort is provided by:
• BCED Minnesota
• CB Richard Ellis
• City Center Building Management
• Colonnade Building Management
• Farm Credit Leasing
• Mayo Clinic
• Mayo Clinic Volunteer Organization
• Minneapolis City Hall staff
• Minnesota DNR Nongame Wildlife Program
• Minnesota DNR Parks and Recreation
• Minnesota Department of Transportation (MN DOT)
• Minnesota Falconers Association
• Minnesota Power and Light Company
• Northern States Power Company (Xcel Energy)
• Northwest Airlines
• Norwest Financial Center Building Management
• Raptor Resource Project
• St. Paul Department of Public Works
• U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service
• U. S. Forest Service
• Wolf Ridge Environmental Learning Center

42
Each cooperating state or province has, in addition, its own list of cooperators.
BREEDERS SUPPLYING PEREGRINES FOR 2002 RELEASES
• Mark Bolton, Hugo, Minnesota (Kentucky releases)
• Walter Crawford and Mike Cooke, World Bird Sanctuary, St. Louis, Missouri (St.
Louis releases)
• Bruce Haak (Iowa release)
• Bill Murphy (Kentucky releases)
READING BANDS WITH TELESCOPE AND DIGITAL CAMERA
In 2002, I (HBT) turned to digiscoping in hope of increasing my ability to read
peregrine color bands in the field. Digiscoping is the ungainly word for taking digital
photos through a telescope. There is a lot of technical information available on the Web
about this topic and that is the place to start. Here, however, are some things I learned by
experience this past season. My scope is a Leica Apo-Televid 77with an angular zoom
20X-60X eyepiece, and my camera is a Nikon 5000 with the largest memory card I could
get, 530 mb.
I get best results with the camera at full optical zoom (3X) and the scope at
30X to 50X.
With luck, photos good enough to read bands can be taken of falcons up to
400 feet away, maybe a bit farther with excellent light
Use the steadiest tripod you can get and extend it no more than necessary.
Motion is the constant enemy. Fast shutter speeds that might control motion
are usually ruled out because the huge magnifications, often over 100X,
demand too much light.
Take as many shots as you think you need, then at least that many more.
Often I would go home with 80 or 90 shots of a single bird and find that only
on one or two could I see the band.
Peregrines often sit in one place for a long time. Even if the legs are not
exposed, sooner or later the bird may stretch or preen and give you a look at
the left leg. These events are not predictable, so take shot after shot, hoping to
catch what you need. The one great advantage of digital photography is that
the shots don’t cost anything, once you have the equipment.
My Nikon camera has a bewildering array of options. For digiscoping, it
seems to do best focussed at infinity with the shutter speed programmed by
the camera. Some of the Web sites advise using the “point and shoot” option,
letting the camera do the rest.
Choose “normal” or “fine” for resolution. “Hi” is tempting, but the “.tif”
images are painfully slow to download and to manipulate in a computer.
Images in “basic’ do not hold together well when enlarged by the computer.

One advantage of digiscoping over young eyes is that the record is permanent,
secured in a fraction of a second, and available for endless scrutiny. Even if
the band is not read, the photos of the falcon provide a permanent record of
distinctive individual characteristics.
I decided against a camera mount attached to the scope because it limits other
uses of the scope. I simply hold the camera to the eyepiece of the scope and
press the button. The camera must be aligned with the exit pupil of the scope;
I made a ring of flexible plastic that slips over the extended lens of the camera
and snugly into the eyepiece of the scope. Something like this is essential, if
the camera is not mounted on the scope.
Don’t expect elegant photographs by digiscoping. Some photos may be good,
but the big attraction is the great flexibility provided by the combination of
scope, camera, computer, and free images. Fire away!
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Digiscope photos of Ford Bridge (St. Paul, MN) female (this page) and male (next page).
Top - full shot of bird sitting on middle span of bridge, showing plummage
characteristics and black/green band. Bottom - magnification of band showing partial ID.
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