Ophir Energy plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

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68 Ophir Energy plc Annual Report 2011 Notes to the financial statements continued 2 Basis of preparation and significant accounting policies continued When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the income statement. 2.17 Leases The determination of whether an arrangement is, or contains, a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement and requires an assessment of whether the fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset. The Group has leases where the Lessor retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the asset. Such leases are classified as operating leases and rentals payable are charged to the Income Statement on a straight line basis over the lease term. 2.18 Interests in joint ventures The Group has a number of contractual arrangements with other parties which represent joint ventures. A joint venture is a contractual arrangement whereby the Group and other parties undertake economic activity. Where a Group company undertakes its activities under joint venture arrangements the Group’s share of jointly controlled assets, liabilities and related income and expenses are included in the financial statements in their respective classification categories. The Group’s interests in joint ventures, which are in the form of jointly controlled assets, are identified in Note 23. The Group has a number of interests in joint ventures, which are considered jointly controlled assets, whereby the venturers have a contractual arrangement that establishes joint control over the economic activities of the asset. The agreement requires unanimous agreement for financial and operating decisions among the venturers. The Group recognises its interest in the joint venture using the proportionate consolidation method. The Group combines its proportionate share of each of the assets, liabilities, income and expenses of the joint venture with similar items, line by line, in its consolidated financial statements. The financial statements of the joint venture are prepared for the same reporting period as the Group. Adjustments are made where necessary to bring the accounting policies in line with those of the Group. Adjustments are made in the Group’s consolidated financial statements to eliminate the Group’s share of intragroup balances, transactions and unrealised gains and losses on such transactions between the Group and its joint venture. Losses on transactions are recognised immediately if the loss provides evidence of a reduction in the net realisable value of current assets or an impairment loss. The joint venture is proportionately consolidated until the date on which the Group ceases to have joint control over the joint venture. Upon loss of joint control the Group measures and recognises its remaining investment at its fair value. Any difference between the carrying amount of the former joint controlled entity upon loss of joint control and the fair value of the remaining investment and proceeds from disposal are recognised in the income statement. When the remaining investment constitutes significant influence, it is accounted for as investment in an associate. 2.19 Revenue recognition Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Group and the revenue can be reliably measured. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received and receivable, excluding discounts, rebates, VAT and other sales taxes or duty. The specific recognition criteria described below must also be met before revenue is recognised: Interest income Interest income is recognised as it accrues using the effective interest rate method, that is, the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.
69 Ophir Energy plc Annual Report 2011 2 Basis of preparation and significant accounting policies continued 2.20 Borrowing costs Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to be prepared for their intended use, are added to the cost of those assets until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the income statement in the period in which they are incurred. 2.21 Share-based payments The cost of equity-settled transactions with employees is measured by reference to the fair value at the date at which they are granted and is recognised as an expense over the vesting period, which ends on the date on which the relevant employees become fully entitled to the award. Fair value is determined with reference to the market value of the underlying shares using a pricing model appropriate to the circumstances which requires judgements as to the selection of both the valuation model and inputs. In valuing equity-settled transactions, no account is taken of any vesting conditions, other than conditions linked to the price of the shares of the Company (market conditions). No expense is recognised for awards that do not ultimately vest, except for awards where vesting is conditional upon a market condition or a non-vesting condition, which are treated as vesting irrespective of whether or not the market condition or non-vesting condition is satisfied, provided that all other vesting conditions are satisfied. At each Balance Sheet date before vesting, the cumulative expense is calculated on the basis of the extent to which the vesting period has expired and management’s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The movement in cumulative expense since the previous balance sheet date is recognised in the income statement, with a corresponding entry in equity. Where the terms of an equity-settled award are modified or a new award is designated as replacing a cancelled or settled award, the cost based on the original award terms continues to be recognised over the original vesting period. In addition, an expense is recognised over the remainder of the new vesting period for the incremental fair value of any modification, based on the difference between the fair value of the original award and the fair value of the modified award, both as measured on the date of the modification. No reduction is recognised if this difference is negative. Where an equity-settled award is cancelled, it is treated as if it had vested on the date of cancellation and any cost not yet recognised in the income statement for the award is expensed immediately. Any compensation paid up to the fair value of the award at the cancellation or settlement date is deducted from equity, with any excess over fair value being treated as an expense in the income statement. For equity-settled share-based payment transactions with third parties, the goods or services received are measured at the date of receipt by reference to their fair value with a corresponding entry in equity. If the Group cannot reliably estimate the fair value of the goods or services received, their value is measured by reference to the fair value of the equity instruments granted. BUSINESS REVIEW GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2.22 Foreign currency translation The functional currency for each entity in the Group is determined on an individual basis according to the primary economic environment in which it operates. Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded in the functional currency by applying the spot exchange rate ruling at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rate of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. All exchange differences are taken to the income statement. The assets and liabilities of the Company and those foreign operations whose functional currency is other than that of the presentation currency of Ophir are translated into the presentation currency, at the rate of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. Income and expenses are translated at the weighted average exchange rates for the year. The resulting exchange differences are taken directly to a separate component of equity. On disposal of a foreign entity, the deferred cumulative amount recognised in equity relating to that particular foreign operation is recognised in the income statement.
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Ophir Energy plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

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