00 ZLOM VURV 06 v roce 07

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DIVISION OF GENETICS
AND PLANT BREEDING
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE DIVISION
Research activities are carried out in traditional research fields (such as plant genetic resources, stress
resistance, breeding methods), deal with topical issues (agro-biodiversity, bio-safety, biotechnology,
quality of products) and consequently develop and implement new methods.The aim is to contribute
to the build-up of theoretical and methodological bases for applied research and breeding and provide
materials for genetic improvement of agricultural crops. Utilization of genetic resources, choice of
donors of important characters and creation of initial breeding materials are also research results contributing
to the improvement of biological and agronomical characters of crops and enlargement of
their genetic diversity.
Our goal is to provide methods and materials for breeding for high productivity, resistance to stresses
and high quality of products, as well as for an effective response to growing conditions. Such cultivars
can effectively contribute to the minimization of negative impacts of agriculture on the environment.Among
all inputs in agricultural systems, the genetic improvement of crops is considered as the
most effective way of increasing the plant production and quality without significant increase in costs
and negative effects on the environment. In addition, breeding for resistance to pests, diseases and abiotic
stresses as well as for effective utilization of nutrients and effective response to growing conditions
can lead to lower demands on other inputs, especially inputs of agrochemicals.Wider genetic diversity
of crops and cultivars contributes to more stable production and its quality in balanced agro-ecosystems.
At present, fast progress in molecular and cell biology as well as applied genetics and breeding
methods stimulate progress in agriculture through new cultivars and technologies.Attention is paid to
the conservation and utilization of genetic resources as an irreplaceable source of genes for further
genetic improvement of crops. To meet all demands of agriculture, intensive research on genetics,
biotechnology, breeding techniques, genetic resources and seed technologies is needed.
The Division contributes to these goals by means of a range of projects, often in cooperation with
local and foreign institutes, universities and breeding companies. Principal activities are carried out
within the Research Plan of the Division “New Knowledge, Methods and Materials for Genetic
Improvement of Biological Potential of Crops and Application of Agro-Biodiversity for Sustainable
Development of Agriculture”. This principal project is complemented by the projects of Czech
Agency for Agricultural Research (NAZV) and Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (GACR);
National Programme on Plant Genetic Resources and Agro-biodiversity Conservation and Utilization
(launched by Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic) is also an important long-term
project. In addition to the domestic projects participation in international projects has an increasing
trend (EU Framework Programme, COST activities, ECPGR activities and others).The operation and
services of the labs for GMO identification and protein electrophoreses, which serve as reference
points, also belong to the responsibilities of the Division. (Dotlaãil L.)
RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
Department of Gene Bank
The conservation of plant genetic resources has a long
tradition in the Czech Republic. Some research and
breeding stations have been gathering and preserving
local landraces and bred cultivars since the beginning of
the 20 th century. Collecting has been carried out by some
Czech institutes since the 1930s, systematic collecting
began in the 1960s. Czech National Programme on Plant
Genetic Resources (NP) was launched by the Ministry
of Agriculture in 1993. NP was substantially updated
in 2004 in accordance with Act No. 148/2003 on
Conservation and Utilization of Genetic Resources of
Plants and implementing Regulation No. 458/2003
came to effect.The Czech Republic also signed the International
Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and
Agriculture (IT PGRFA) and took measures in support
of access to genetic resources and benefit sharing.

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Fig. 1: Crop structure of Czech collections of plant genetic resources
At present, twelve Czech institutions taking part in
the NP hold 50,000 accessions of plant genetic resources.The
crop structure of collections is given in Fig.
1. The NP deals with gathering (including collecting
missions), documentation, characterization, evaluation
and conservation of plant genetic resources and provides
services to users.The Gene Bank in RICP Prague provides
the long-term storage of seed samples (at -18 °C
or -5 °C) for all seed-propagated collections and renders
services of the National Information System on Plant
Genetic Resources (EVIGEZ). All members of the NP
have close partnerships with users within the country
and abroad and supply to them samples of genetic
resources (4-5 thousand accessions yearly) in accordance
with IT PGRFA. International collaboration and effective
cooperative links have been set up especially within
the European Cooperative Programme (ECPGR).
Intensive characterization and evaluation of genetic
resources are carried out to support their use in breeding
and in agricultural practice. Collecting missions as
well as conservation and surveys of valuable resources
conserved “in situ” contribute to the preservation and
evaluation of local resources.“On farm” conservation is
being developed in landraces of fruit trees and some
other crops. Cultivars and landraces of neglected crops
(buckwheat, millet, hulled wheat species, some fruit trees
and forage crops) were successfully used for agro- biodiversity
enrichment;their specific use especially in human
nutrition is also important. Close collaboration with
producers (often organic farmers) and processing industry
was set up.We also studied selected alternative crops
and catch crops with the aim to introduce them into
growing and contribute to the soil fertility improvement.
Recently, detailed inventory was carried out and
current data were complemented by newly acquired
information, including data on the viability and
accessibility of accessions and regeneration needs.
Among all accessions 74% are freely available, while
other 18.4% are accessible under particular conditions
and 5.7% need urgent regeneration.The accessibility of
generatively reproduced genetic resources is higher
(78.8 %) than that of vegetatively propagated ones
(54.3 %). Steps have been taken to reduce threats to
plant genetic resources, to increase their safety and
measures were suggested how to improve access to
plant genetic resources (including prompt and suitable
regeneration, safe conservation and effective evaluation
and documentation):
• Sufficient and stable funding of NP
• Support to research projects linked to the NP,
further studies and use of genetic resources and
agro-biodiversity for sustainable development;
systematic transfer of valuable materials and data
from research projects into NP
• Better management and use of collected materials
• Speed up regeneration where needed
• Better control and monitoring of the health status
of plant genetic resources
• Extension of evaluation and characterization, broad
and effective implementation of new technologies
• Wider international cooperation and support to
the exchange of genetic resources and information
• Increase in the public awareness of genetic resources
and biodiversity
Gene Bank Storage
At the end of 2006, the gene bank storage reached
37,211 accessions which were kept under long-term or
medium-term conditions. It represents more than 93%

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of all available generatively propagated accessions
which are documented in the network of institutions
active within the Czech National Programme. Accessions
are stored in 63,574 glass containers, another
1,084 working collection samples and further 2,644
safety duplication samples belonging to Research
Institute of Plant Production in Pie‰Èany are kept in the
gene bank storage. Altogether 77% of the total storage
capacity in conditioned rooms is utilized.
Samples are distributed to users according to their
requests. In 2006 in total 2,485 seed samples were delivered
to 103 users.About 65% samples were addressed
to domestic and 35% to foreign users.
Documentation System
The documentation system EVIGEZ has been further
developed and frequently updated. The latest database
consists of 49,069 passport records representing all
available accessions in Czech crop collections. About
61.2% of these accessions are complemented by sets of
characterization/evaluation data. Gene bank storage is
fully documented in the system as well.
The updated crop catalogue EVIGEZ containing
passport data is on-line available to users on the URL:
http://genbank.vurv.cz/genetic/resources/.
Evaluation of wheat, winter barley, triticale, buckwheat
and millet
As agreed in the framework of the National Programme,
the Department of Gene Bank of RICP is
responsible for the evaluation of wheat, triticale, winter
barley, wild relatives of crops of the tribe Triticeae, buckwheat,
millet, Amaranthus, quinoa and further genetic
resources of minor crops.
In 2006 the overwintering of winter wheat was at
a very good level similarly like in the case of winter
barley.The lodging of the two crops was also negligible
in the last vegetation period. Owing to hot and dry
weather during the grain filling period (July), wheat
accessions originating from continental conditions
were advantaged. High combined resistance to leaf,
stem and stripe rusts were detected in cultivar ‘Bonito-
27’ and advanced line ‘RU2-04’. Weather conditions
during vegetation were suitable also for the winter
barley check cultivar ‘Luran’. Among winter triticale
accessions, the cultivar ‘SW Talentro’ was highly productive
during the last two years of evaluation.
The evaluation of wild relatives of crops of the tribe
Triticeae indicated that Triticum boeoticum, T. araraticum,
Aegilops geniculata and Ae. markgrafii had a good level of
resistance to powdery mildew, stem and stripe rusts.
Within a group of minor crops we evaluated
134 genotypes of buckwheat, 22 accessions of millet,
14 samples of Amaranthus and 5 foxtail millets.
(Dotlaãil L., Stehno Z., Faberová I., Holubec V.,
Dvofiáãek V., Janovská D., Pelichová E.)
Study and utilisation of biodiversity, genetic
mechanisms and new methods aimed at
improvement of the biological potential
of cultivars and sustainable development
of agriculture (MZe âR 0002700602)
Phase 1: Study of genetic diversity in crops and
its utilisation for sustainable development of
agriculture; selection of donors of economically
important characters to use them in research,
breeding and practice
Evaluation of prospective winter wheat genetic resources
Prospective accessions of winter wheat genetic
resources were evaluated for two years. The influence
of growing conditions in the years of testing on overwintering
was not strong (6.2%). On the other hand,
the earliness (period to heading, flowering and waxy
ripeness) was influenced markedly by different growing
conditions (28.4, 65.2 and 30.4, respectively). The
influence of the year on grain weight (TKW) was
negligible (3.5%) similarly like on responses of wheat
accessions to powdery mildew infection.
Among grain quality parameters, crude protein
content was highly influenced by growing conditions
(24.4%) in comparison with the other quality
characters with percentage not higher than 5.5%.
Evaluation of winter barley cultivars
Damage of barley accessions during the winter period
was more serious than that of wheat. Some accessions
Evaluation of wheat genetic resources

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of Japanese glumeless barley were totally injured by
winter freezing. A few accessions from Croatia and
France also strongly suffered from conditions during
winter. Similarly like in wheat, the weak influence of
the year on grain weight and powdery mildew occurrence
was observed.
Prospective genetic resources of winter triticale
A set of winter triticale accessions was tested under
conditions of the Research Station in Humpolec located
in a potato-production area. The overwintering of
triticale in these conditions was strongly influenced by
weather conditions (59.3%). On the other hand, the
occurrence of diseases (powdery mildew, Septoria) was
relatively stable in the years of evaluation.
Starch content evaluation using NIR spectroscopy
Three hundred genotypes of wheat were used to calibrate
a NIR spectroscope for starch content prediction.
Ewers method was used as referential.The correlation
coefficient for the calibration equation reached r =
0.84. Starch content of most accessions varied within a
relatively narrow range (60 – 67%). Higher starch content
was determined very rarely, for the first time in
modern registered cultivars.
Antaris II spectroscope calibrated for starch content
evaluation
Evaluation of minor crops
In 2006, the main attention within this group of crops
was paid to buckwheat genetic resources. Flowering
started later in Tartary buckwheat (+ 15 days on average)
than in common buckwheat. Nevertheless, the ripeness
of Tartary accessions started earlier.The highest yield was
determined in ‘·paãinská 1’ common buckwheat.
Assessment of crops as possible catch crops
Four crops Sinapis alba, Phacelia tanacetifolia, Fagopyrum
esculentum and Panicum miliaceum were tested for their
suitability to grow them as catch crops. The highest
amount of green mass was produced by Sinapis alba.
Analyses of N min. content in green mass showed its
decrease parallelly with an increase in the green mass
amount. On the basis of comparison of two sowing
dates (late summer – end of August and early autumn
– mid-September) the later one was recommended.
(Stehno Z., Dotlaãil L., Dvofiáãek V., Hermuth J.,
Janovská D.)
Phase 8: Monitoring risks and information
databases for sustainable development
in agriculture and biological safety
The main tasks of the phase are development and
updating of databases, improvement of a system for
frost resistance monitoring in winter crops and facilitating
access to updated information to farmers and to
the agricultural community of users. Web applications
were developed in the form of searchable catalogues
and web pages.
Plant Genetic Resources Catalogue in Czech crop
collections consisting of 49,069 passport records available
at http://genbank.vurv.cz/genetic/resources/
contains information on all accessions included in the
National Programme on Conservation and Utilization
of Plant Genetic Resources and Agro-biodiversity.
The ECPGR European Wheat Database (EWDB)
http://genbank.vurv.cz/ewdb/ was enlarged by the
genus Aegilops in 2006, and it currently comprises
159,434 records. The EWDB descriptor list was
enlarged and completed for characterization and evaluation
of data inputs.
After the last updating the application ‘Wheat
Pedigree and Identified Alleles of Genes’
http://genbank.vurv.cz/wheat/pedigree/ consists of
74,527 records received from 3,261 information
sources. The linkage between the two above-mentioned
catalogues EWDB and Wheat Pedigree was
implemented in 2006 and the user value of both
applications was enhanced consequently. The new
web catalogue Barley Pedigree comprising genealogies
and passport data on 6,443 barley genotypes gathered
from 99 information sources was published at
http://genbank.vurv.cz/barley/pedigree/. Both pedigree
catalogues for wheat and barley were developed in
cooperation with Dr. Martynov (VIR St. Petersburg).
The ECPGR European Arrhenatherum and Trisetum
Database http://genbank.vurv.cz/arrh_tri/ is hosted at
the Institute’s server for OSEVA PRO Ltd. in Zubfií,
which is the data compiler.
On-line data directly loaded from an agrometeorological
station in the Institute are available in the form of
tables at http://www.vurv.cz/meteo/ and visualised
in a graphical form for the last 24 hours at
http://www.vurv.cz/meteo/meteograf.htm.
The web page of the National Programme on Conservation
and Utilisation of Plant Genetic Resources
and Agro-biodiversity http://genbank.vurv.cz/genet
ic/nar_prog/ was complemented by its English version
and new important documents were included (Standard
Material Transfer Agreement, etc.).
The European ex situ Catalogue of PGRFA
EURISCO http://eurisco.ecpgr.org was provided
with updated information from Czech crop collections,
and it currently contains 49,069 records corresponding
to the number of available accessions in the
National Programme.
Monitoring of frost resistance was carried out on
old local European cultivars and on newly registered
cultivars of winter wheat and winter barley. Results
were forwarded to breeders and to the Central Institute
for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture. Walter’s
climatic diagram was constructed from data recorded
at the meteorological station in Prague-Ruzynû.
(Faberová I., Prá‰ilová P., Dotlaãil L., Dvofiáãek
V., Hermuth J., Pelichová E.)

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Plant biodiversity conservation in the system
of sustainable agriculture and landscaping
(MZe âR 1G46066)
The project goal is to search for fragments of
old crop landraces and threatened wild species used
or with potential use in agriculture, and to propose
their sustainable conservation in the country using
in situ and on-farm methods. The species chosen
for monitoring belong to the families Poaceae,
Fabaceae and Alliaceae (Allium schoenoprassum).
The monitoring was done in the Elbe and Vltava
River basins, âeské Stfiedohofií Mts., Jeseníky Mts.
and in Central and Southern Moravia. Phytocoenological
relevés were elaborated for the target species
repeatedly twice a year on permanent marked
plots for monitoring.Additional data were collected
in the localities: the number of all plants in the
population, degree of threat to the site, threat
factors, the population health status and ontogenetic
phase of the target species. When it was
possible, seeds were collected for ex situ multiplication
and for gene bank conservation. Several
genotypes of Glycyrrhiza glabra from Moravian
sites were evaluated in the nursery. Other
Glycyrrhiza species were tested for their suitability
for introduction into cultivation. Within the
programme of repatriation of lost cultivars it was
possible to obtain 12 accessions of Fabaceae. 14 plots
of grass species sown in 2005 in Zubfií were
subjected to regular evaluation according to
descriptor lists. 16 perennial grass species were
evaluated for vegetative characters of extensive
lawns for the use in landscaping and their seed
production traits were obtained in the production
plots. The grass collection gathered for ornamental
use was also evaluated for morphological, phenological,
aesthetical traits and growth abilities.
Selected samples were offered to the Open-air
Museum in Zubrnice, RoÏnov, ·umava National
Park, Podyjí NP, Protected Landscape Area Moravian
Karst and to one private farmer for sustainable
on-farm conservation. Old landraces of grasses,
fodder plants, vegetables and medicinal plants from
Northern Moravia were exhibited in the Open-air
Museum in RoÏnov pod Radho‰tûm. During the
expedition to the Novohradské hory Mts. 83 seed
samples and vegetative plant parts were collected
in 26 visited localities. A project for on-farm
conservation of fruit trees in Podyjí NP was
elaborated. The occurrence of fruits was mapped
in the region of Horní Mar‰ov. Plant material for
on-farm conservation was prepared in the nursery
of the RBIP in Holovousy: trunk-forming cultivars
were grafted onto rootstocks raised from seedlings.
A high trunk was grown up and grafted with the
target landraces. Landraces for the second part
of orchard in Neratov, Orlicke Mts., were prepared
in Holovousy.Accessions received as the repatriation
of historically lost material from foreign gene banks
were regenerated. Fruit landraces were sent to
4 exhibitions. (Holubec V., Chytilová V., Du‰-
ková E., Gottwaldová P., Kloutvor J., Marková H.,
Papr‰tein F., Pelikán J., ·evãíková M., ·rámek P.,
Schubertová V., Vymyslick˘ T.)
Research on the growing techniques
of underutilized fruit species (MZe âR
QF3223)
The grant covers the following genera of underutilized
small fruits in the Czech Republic: Vaccinium, Cornus,
Lonicera and Hippophae¨ and the research was undertaken
in RBIP in Holovousy, MAFU in Brno and RICP in
Prague. Various methods of regeneration were tested:
vegetative and in vitro propagation. Herbaceous cuttings
of all four species were planted to a propagation
chamber: 1 380 cuttings of blueberry (16 cultivars), 320
cuttings of Cornus (5 cultivars), 700 cuttings of
Hippophaë (7 cultivars) and 980 cuttings of Lonicera
(11 cultivars). Their callus formation and rooting were
evaluated.The basic evaluation of cultivars was done in
a nursery: 29 genotypes of the high-bush blueberry were
included. The yield per bush was the highest in cvs.
‘Jersey’, ‘Bluecrop’, ‘Bluetta’ and ‘Coville’. The fruit
firmness suitable for transport was the highest in
‘Berkeley’, ‘Nelson’, ‘Bluecrop’, ‘Bluegold’ and
‘Darrow’. The cvs. ‘Rancocas’, ‘Bluecrop’ and
‘Bluegold’ had the best taste. Cornus bushes in the belt
plantation comprised 7 cultivars. Growth characters such
as height, bush volume, length and number of new
branches were examined. The yield of Hippophaë
cultivars depends on the shape of the crown and
growing technology. The highest yield was noted for
Leicora (23.68 kg per bush) and Hergo (16.74 kg).These
cultivars with high yield and good fruit quality can be
recommended for cultivation: ‘Altaj’, ‘Fialka’, ‘Amfora’,
‘Viola’ and ‘Morena’. Organoleptic evaluation of fresh
fruits revealed the following best cultivars: ‘Altaj’, ‘Leningradsk˘
Velikan’,‘Morena’ and ‘Valchova’.The research
how to overcome long dormancy of Cornus mas
continued from the previous years. Gathering of new
materials from collections brought Cornus mas var. macrocarpa
from a historical plantation in the RICP park.It has
large sweet fruits with soft pulp. The good high-bush
cultivar ‘Goldtraube 23’ was received from Austria. For in
vitro cultures dormant shoots of Lonicera and Vaccinium
spp. were sampled from the field germplasm collections
of MAFU in Brno and RBIP in Holovousy. Sprouting
buds were sterilized on the surface with mercuric
chloride and the tissue was placed on MS medium.
Collected materials from Kachatka, altogether 125
samples, were tried to multiply by cuttings and grafting.
Defoliation of cuttings appeared to be negative similarly
like grafting onto domestic Lonicera xylosteum. An old
form of Lonicera kamtschatica was propagated by woody
cuttings to get rootstocks highly compatible with target
forms. (Papr‰tein F., Holubec V., ¤ezníãek V. et al.)
Specification of properties and characteristics
of common wheat grain and their relation with
feed quality focused on feed efficiency in
monogastric animals (MZe âR 1G57065)
Due to some pre-project experiments we were able to
collect enough data to evaluate selected indirect
parameters with potential relation to wheat grain feeding
value in the second year of the project. The data
originated from four-year evaluation of two subsets
(with and without 1B/1R translocation) of wheat DH
lines and besides from independent three-year evaluation
of a set of registered wheat cultivars. On the basis
of this information we proved significant effects of

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genotype on the following parameters: grain hardness
(PSI method), relative viscosity value, content and proportion
of albumins + globulins in protein content, and
on some technological parameters of grain: gluten
index and Zeleny sedimentation. Despite of statistically
significant differences in the content of albumin+
globulin fraction, no differences were detected in
essential amino acid content and in the index of essential
amino acids (EAAI).
Results from direct evaluation of wheat grain feeding
value tested on Norway rats (Wistar strain) showed
only few correlations of direct parameters with indirect
ones. Neither biological value of proteins (BVB) nor
net protein utilisation (NPU) was in significant correlation
with any of indirect grain quality parameters.
The balance coefficient of digestibility (CDb) was in a
medium positive correlation with wet gluten content
(0.46) and in a negative correlation with crude fibre
content and relative viscosity (-0.52 and -0.49, respectively).The
protein efficiency ratio (PER; weight gain
of the tested animal per unit of ingested protein) did
not show any positive correlation with indirect parameters.The
strongest negative correlation of PER (-0.38)
was found for Zeleny sedimentation. All direct parameters
(BVB, NPU and CD2) correlated mutually very
strongly.
In 2006 the first feeding test with chicken broilers
using isoproteinaceous and isoenergetic diets from
grain of tested wheat DH lines was carried out. Differences
in weight gains between the groups of chickens
fed diets with different wheat DH lines were identified.
In addition, the quality of meat was analysed and some
differences were found as well. (Stehno Z., Kode‰ A.,
Dvofiáãek V., Mudfiík Z., Bradová J., Huãko B.,
Famûra O.)
Individual keeping of Norway rats during feeding tests
Starch and protein characteristics in wheat
for industrial utilization; donors of valuable
characters, recommendation of cultivars and
appropriate growing technologies (MZe âR
1G58076) (The project initiation – December 2005)
The project objective is to characterize starch and protein
content and structure in released wheat cultivars
and selected donors, with respect to different industrial
utilization of grain (starch bio-ethanol, bio-degradable
matters, fodder). Donors of important characters
are also screened among the genetic resources of winter
and spring wheat and their characters and value for
breeding and/or growing practice are estimated.
Utilization of protein markers (gliadins, glutenins,
isozymes) and DNA markers for the fingerprinting of
genotypes carrying desirable traits and for markerassisted
selection will be verified. Released winter
wheat cultivars and some selected breeding lines are
evaluated in three types of field trials: 1st field test for
recommendation of cultivars, other experiments with
cultivars and lines aimed at the assessment of fodder
quality as well as field tests of selected cultivars under
different tillage and input levels. In the first tested year
significant effects of cultivar, locality and technological
treatment on the production of starch and bio-ethanol
were confirmed. Lower fertiliser rates and conventional
tillage increased the bio-ethanol yield of grains. A
high positive correlation between the content of starch
and final bio-ethanol production was also confirmed.
Suitable genetic resources were evaluated in field trials
and 3 donors of waxy type of starch were obtained.
Nevertheless, the number of genetic resources with
high starch content is still very low and they do not
overcome the majority of the tested released cultivars.
(Horãiãka P., Dvofiáãek V., Famûra O., Papou‰ková,
L., Sedláãek I., Dotlaãil L., Stehno Z.)
Minor crops for specific food utilization
(MZe âR QG60130) (The project initiation
– January 2006)
The aim of the project is the enlargement of diversity
of cultivated crops in the âR and recommendation of
their suitable utilization. Minor crops defined by
EPCGR (hulled wheat, hulless oats and barley, millet
and Tartary buckwheat), legumes (peas, cowpeas, chickpeas)
and oil-bearing crop (safflower) are studied. Individual
genera are investigated according to the degree
of completion at the participant’s workplace.The new
genotypes of all species are evaluated for important
agronomical and morphological characteristics. 153
genotypes of minor crops were sown and evaluated in
2006. Selected genotypes were evaluated for oil content
(hulless oats, millet, and safflower). For development
of new food products, seeds of selected species
were malted and some parameters were determined.
Hulled wheat was tested for the activity of alpha- and
beta-amylases and for selected nutritional parameters.
The rutin content was evaluated in two different vegetative
stages of Tartary buckwheat. The level of FFA
was assessed in samples of millet grains; this method was
also used in oat grains and products.The technology of
processing of naked oats,Tartary buckwheat and selected
legumes was proposed. (Janovská D., Stehno Z.,
Dvofiáãek V., Vaculová K., Rysová J., Proke‰ J., Hutafi
M., Vymyslick˘ T.)
Improved management of collections of spring
wheat, oat and winter barley genetic resources,
enhancement of their value for users (MZe âR
1G46065)
The project is carried out jointly by RICP in Prague
and ARI in KromûfiíÏ, and its activities in the third year
were mainly aimed at gathering information on collections,
characterization by means of storage proteins and

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Fig. 2. Genetic distances within the spring wheat model collection
DNA markers and field experiments with model
“core” collections. Analyzed pedigree data of spring
wheat collection were used to evaluate the genetic
diversity of the collection, results were published in
Czech J. Genet Plant Breed.The results confirmed that
pedigree analyses could be used as one of the useful
tools for development of “core” collections, i.e. such
collections where extensive and reliable pedigree data
are available.
Model collections of spring wheat and oat (the same
as in previous year) were sown and evaluated in field
trials in two locations; winter barley was sown in three
locations.The characterization of storage protein spectra
by means of PAGE continued in 2006.
In both the spring wheat and winter barley model
collection, DNA analyses were carried out using SSR
markers and genetic distances between accessions were
calculated. In spring wheat, we identified 26 clusters
(composed of 2-5 accessions, with small genetic
distances -0.06 or less according to âeby‰ev), which
represent 30.1% of the whole model collection (Fig. 2).
When we used this level of genetic diversity, it was possible
to reduce the size of the model collection by
18.1%.The same approach in winter barley led to the
size reduction by 34.1%. It can be concluded that the
selection of genetically distant accessions to model
collections was more effective in spring wheat.
(Dotlaãil L., Nedomová L., Stehno Z., Faberová I.,
Milotová J., Lei‰ová L., Dvofiáãek V., Oborn˘ J.,
Hermuth J., âejka L., Poli‰enská I.)
Possibilities of protein polymorphism
application for identification and breeding
of tested buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum
Moench) cultivars (GA âR-521/04/P031)
The project was aimed at the evaluation of protein
polymorphism as an effective tool for the identification
of common buckwheat accessions and studies of their
mutual relations. Protein polymorphism of different
plant parts (roots, leaves and achenes) showed
high intra- and intervarietal variability only in the
evaluation of the achene protein spectrum by
SDS-PAGE. Protein polymorphism (including isozymes
– esterases and total native protein) of the other plant
parts was negligible and did not allow an individual
approach to evaluation on this level. Higher protein
polymorphism in different achene parts was confirmed
in cotyledons in comparison with endosperm proteins.
This high intravarietal polymorphism confirmed strict
allogamy of common buckwheat. Electrophoretic
visualization of tested protein fractions also confirmed
high albumin and globulin content, its major importance
in achene protein polymorphism and minimal
content of prolamines. The albumin and globulin
protein fraction of achenes was successfully used for
more objective evaluation of bulked samples in the
buckwheat world collection. Closer relations were
found between accessions of neighbouring regions and
between some original Czech and Slovak buckwheat
accessions and accessions of China and Bhutan. Individual
achene evaluation of four buckwheat varieties
registered in the Czech Republic showed intervarietal
differences in the frequency and coincidence of band
proteins. It is possible to accept an opinion that the
tested varieties were formed from a high number of
variable genotypes which showed specific expression in
tested varieties, nevertheless, slight spectral differences
were detected in identical varieties between the tested
years as well. For the future breeding application it will
be necessary to reduce the wide genetic polymorphism
of buckwheat population, which can be achieved only
by direct characterisation of individual plants by means
of molecular analysis and their isolated cultivation.
The latest scientific papers offered a possibility of

20
auto-incompatibility elimination by means of interspecific
crossing in common buckwheat and production
of autogamous lines. (Dvofiáãek V.)
Diversity of buckwheat (Fagopyrum sp.) genetic
resources and its use in sustainable agriculture
and healthy food production in the Czech
Republic and in China (M·MT KONTAKT
1P05ME808)
In the second year of the project the exchange of buckwheat
seed samples between Chinese and Czech
partners increased and reached ten samples provided by
either of the partners. The sets of 20 accessions that
included both common and Tartary buckwheat species
were grown in parallel in both countries.
Comparison of buckwheat species regardless of the
locality of testing confirmed a longer vegetation period
(period to emergence, flowering and ripeness) of
Tartary buckwheat. Achenes of Tartary buckwheat
were smaller (WTS = 14.6 g) than those of common
buckwheat (WTS = 25.5 g). Nevertheless, the yield of
achenes per unit area was higher in Tartary buckwheat.
Owing to differences between species, we assessed the
influence of climate conditions (Czech and Chinese
localities) for each species separately.Tartary buckwheat
in the Chinese locality developed faster, had larger
achenes and higher yield per unit area. Opposite
responses were observed in common buckwheat
samples that reached better parameters in conditions of
Prague – Ruzynû locality.
Analyses of rutin content confirmed a higher
content of this flavonol glycoside in Tartary buckwheat
leaves, stems and achenes. (Stehno Z., Moudr˘ J.,
Janovská D., Kalinová J., Wang, Z., Zhang Z.)
Conservation of disappearing plant genetic
resources for agriculture (M·MT KONTAKT
29-2005-06)
The aim of the project was to map the occurrence of
landraces in Slovenia and to collect seeds or vegetative
plant parts as genetic resources for Slovenian and
Czech gene banks and breeding. The expedition was
conducted in the north Slovenian region Koro‰ko near
the Austrian border in October 2006.The programme
was organized by Vladimir Megliã and Janko Verbiã
from the Slovenian Gene Bank, KIS Ljubljana and
hosting was offered by an ecological farm in ·entanel.
During the mission 15 localities were visited and
74 seed samples were collected. Among them 22
accessions were wild plants and 52 accessions were
cultivars and landraces.The highest share is represented
by legumes (18), especially beans. Cereals and oil crops
were highly represented by 9 accessions each. The
samples were distributed to responsible institutes
within the Czech National Programme for Regeneration
and Evaluation. (Holubec V., Gottwaldová P.,
Marková H., Vymyslick˘ T., Megliã V. – Slovenia)
The exchange, evaluation and utilization of
genetic resources of Czech and Chinese origin
(M·MT KONTAKT 1P05ME724)
The Project objectives are the support of joint research
activities and cooperation of Czech (Research Institute
of Crop Production, Prague) and Chinese (Northwest
University of Agriculture and Forestry,Taicheng Road,
Yangling, Shaanxi; 712100 CHINA) partners within
the Project.The exchange of genetic resources as well
as related information is also an important goal of the
Project.The following principal activities were realized
in 2006:
a) The exchange, characterization and evaluation of
valuable genetic resources of Chinese and Czech
origin, especially valuable materials of rapeseed and
winter wheat.
b) Field trials with selected materials of Czech and
Chinese origin (rapeseed, winter wheat) in Yangling
(China) and Prague (Czech Republic). Important
agronomical characters of experimental materials were
evaluated; the experiments will continue in 2007.
c) Utilization of DNA markers for the characterization
of selected Chinese and Czech rapeseed materials
showing yellow coated seeds. Utilization of DH lines
and DNA markers in selection of rapeseed for productivity,
quality and resistance to stresses. The results of
DNA analyses (AFLP) of 40 yellow-seeded rapeseeds
were prepared for joint publication.
d) Development and utilization of convenient markers
for utilization in hybrid breeding of rapeseed.
Joint activities continued also by backcrossing of
CMS rapeseed lines derived from Shaan 2 source and
fertility resources (Rf lines) with the aim to increase
seed quality (especially glucosinolates, the erucic acid
content was decreased below the limit of 2% in all
advanced materials). (Dotlaãil L., Stehno Z.,
Kuãera V., Ovesná J., Dvofiáãek V., Hermuth J.)
Adding Value to Holy Grain: Providing the Key
Tools for the Exploitation of Amaranth – the
Protein-rich Grain of the Aztecs (AMA-
RANTH:FUTURE-FOOD)(INCO 032263)
The AMARANTH:FUTURE-FOOD Project is a joint
project financed by the European Commission in the
Specific International Cooperation Activities (INCO) of
Diversity of Amaranthus

21
the 6 th Framework Programme. 11 institutions from
Argentina, Nicaragua, Mexico, Czech Republic, Spain
and Denmark participate in the project. The project
started on September 1 st , 2006. It is coordinated by the
Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences.The immediate
objective of this project is to provide the tools for an
extensive and sustainable exploitation of amaranth.The
project will contribute to the overall development
objective of providing health-promoting food and
exploiting the industrial use of amaranth and thus becoming
a source of income in the regions of the world
where the warm and dry climate makes the cultivation
of amaranth the obvious choice. One of the work packages
is devoted to field studies on amaranth cultivation
and monitoring of insect pests and diseases. Selected
germplasms will be cultivated in a statistically based plot
set-up, randomized block design with three replications
in the Czech Republic, Spain, Argentina and México.
(Fomsgaard I. S., de Trojanu R. M., Délano-Frier J.,
Taberner A., Janovská D., Du‰ek K., Labouriau R.)
Department of Gene Bank – Olomouc
Workplace
National Programme on Conservation and
Utilisation of Plant Genetic Resources and
Agro-biodiversity (MZe âR 33 083/03-3000)
Collections of genetic resources of vegetables and
aromatic, medicinal and culinary plants in Olomouc
consist of 9,604 accessions including 869 vegetatively
propagated ones. In 2006, a total of 749 acc. were
regenerated generatively and 1,115 were propagated
vegetatively. Altogether 637 acc. were transferred to the
central freezing boxes at RICP in Prague. All passport
data are computerized using the EVIGEZ system. The
descriptor lists for the most important plant species are
available. A total of 66 new samples were collected
during expeditions and 104 acc. were introduced.A total
of 120 acc. were provided to Czech institutions and
universities and 90 acc. were supplied to the persons
concerned from abroad. Results of research work were
published in scientific journals and presented to scientific
conferences or seminars in the Czech Republic and
other European countries.The Gene Bank workplace in
Olomouc develops contacts in the field of research and
education with Czech universities, Central Institute for
Supervising and Testing in Agriculture, Czech plant
breeding stations and with research institutes and gene
banks in the world. (Du‰ek K., Du‰ková E.,
Chytilová V., Karlová K., Losík J., Stavûlíková H.)
Study and utilisation of biodiversity, genetic
mechanisms and new methods with the aim
to improve the biological potential of cultivars
and sustainable development of agriculture
(MZe âR 0002700602)
Phase 2: Study of genetic diversity of some
horticultural and medicinal plants and selection
of starting materials for breeding and
production (Du‰ek K.)
A – The main aim of this sub-phase is to determine
the basic and supplemental morphological types of
garlic (Allium sativum L.) and to quantify the content
of sulphur compounds in these types. The garlic
collection in Olomouc (612 accessions) was divided
into three main parts on the basis of the description:
1) garlic produces the scape with topset,
2) garlic without scape,
3) group garlic – semi-bolters.
131 accessions (all types of garlic are equally presented
in this set) were selected to determine the quantitative
and qualitative content of sulphur compounds and dry
matter content. According to the presented results the
content of sulphur compounds depends both on the
geographical origin and on the morphological type.
Dialyldisulphide (DADS) and propyldisulphide (PDS)
were the most frequently detected compounds and
their amount in dry cloves ranged between 1.44 and
3.53 mg.g -1 (DADS) and from 1.59 to 3.38 mg.g -1
(PDS). (Stavûlíková H.)
Voltage (mV)
200
Landrace
Rozhanovce (SVK)
150
Landrace Egy1 (EGY)
100
50
0
dialylsulphide
propylsulphide
dialylsulphide
propylsulphide
15 20 25 30 Time (min.)
Chromatogram of GC analysis of sulphur compounds
in garlic
B – The objective of this project part is to evaluate
morphological and agricultural characteristics of Brassica
genotypes and to select the prospective ones for the
testing of their resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae.In
2006, forty Brassica genotypes, which were selected for
the testing of resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae in the
last two years, were tested in an infection field and also
in a climatic chamber. The tolerance rate to infection
was between 0 and 61.2% in field conditions (yield of
Testing of the resistance of Brassica L. genotypes
to Plasmodiaphora brassicae at the infection field
mV. 144

22
infected plants compared to the control), and ‘Libra’
(61.2%),‘Vysocké’ (old Czech landrace variety; 35.7%)
and ‘Skorospelaja’ (old Russian landrace variety 31.4%)
were evaluated as the most tolerant cultivars.
(Chytilová V.)
C – To evaluate the variability between regional populations
of some medicinal plants 26 localities in 5 protected
landscape areas (âeské stfiedohofií, Jizerské hory,
Moravsk˘ kras, Bílé Karpaty, ·umava) are studied.
Mother plants and seeds of Salvia pratensis L., Salvia
verticillata L., Agrimonia eupatoria L., Plantago media L.,
Hypericum perforatum L., and Betonica officinalis L. from
all localities were transferred to Olomouc and an
experimental nursery was established. All plants in this
nursery were evaluated for morphological characteristics
by minimal descriptors, and the contents of pharmaceutically
active substances were also evaluated in
correlation with the origin of plants and quality of soil
in these localities. We found out some statistically
significant differences between plants from the same
locality, between localities and as well as between
protected landscapes areas. After analyses in the next
year the best genotypes of all plant species will be
recommended as a component for flowering-grass
mixtures and/or for pharmaceutical use. (Du‰ek K.,
Du‰ková E.)
Experimental nursery of medicinal plants from protected
landscape areas in Olomouc
D – The vine varieties ‘Zenit’ and ‘Burgundské modré
rané’ are evaluated in order to test their adaptability to
Czech conditions. Agronomical characteristics such as
length of vegetation period, sugar content in must etc.
are compared with the characteristics of the varieties
‘Mu‰kát moravsk˘’, ‘Veltlínské ãervené rané’ and
‘Rulandské modré’. Three shrubs of ‘Zenit’ variety
were chosen due to its high sugar content for subsequent
clone selection. (Jandurová O.)
Vegetative Allium, Europe’s Core Collection,
safe & sound (EURALLIVEG)
(AGRI-2006-0395; AGRI GENRES 870/2004)
In December 2006 a Community programme on
genetic resources in agriculture accepted Project 050
AGRI GENRES 870/2004 with the acronym
EURALLIVEG. The project duration is 48 months
from 1. 04. 2007 to 31. 03. 2011 and the main aim is
to establish the European Core Collection of vegetative
alliums (covering garlic), including molecular
characterization, cryopreservation and virus elimination,
and molecular characterization of shallot. The
Olomouc workplace will select garlic accessions for
long-term cryopreservation. (Stavûlíková H.)
Department of Plant Breeding Methods
Study and utilisation of biodiversity, genetic
mechanisms and new methods with the aim
to improve the biological potential of cultivars
and sustainable development of agriculture
(MZe âR 0002700602)
Phase 5: Development of methods, evaluation
and utilization of initial materials for the
creation of genotypes with high nutritional
and technological quality for various uses
of production
The optimized method of SDS-PAGE of wheat LMW
glutenin subunits was worked out and published on the
web. The automated electrophoresis system (Experion
206 – LabChip technology) was tested for barley
hordeins and wheat glutenin (both LMW and HMW)
subunits electrophoresis and compared with classic SDS
PAGE. The results obtained were very objective and
reproducible. Parameters of HPLC method for wheat
storage protein fractionation and quantification were
found. NIRS calibrations continued for the screening
of grain hardness determination by using PSI as
a reference method.The survey of DON content and
mycological control of fungal pathogens continued
in wheat and barley samples from various localities
of the âR in 2006. Fusarium graminearum was found as
a prevailing toxicogenic species in the âR. In 2005 the
maximum DON content in wheat (barley) samples was
3.8 (3.3) ppm; 10% of wheat (4% of barley) samples
with overlimited DON content were detected. Interand
intravarietal polymorphism of buckwheat proteins
was confirmed. Amylose/Amylopectin Assay and Total
Starch Assay (Megazyme) kits were introduced for the
study of wheat starch properties. Three methods
(HPLC and two spectrophotometric ones) of rutin
content determination were tested on buckwheat and
amaranth plant material. The spectrophotometric
method using AlCl 3 reagent was considered as optimal.
(S˘korová S., Bradová J., Dvofiáãek V., Matûjová
E., Papou‰ková L., Stehno Z.)
Phase 7: Progression of DON concentrations
in spikes and kernels of winter wheat cultivars
after inoculation with Fusarium culmorum
The progression of DON concentrations in spikes
and kernels was studied in relation to Fusarium head
blight (FHB) symptoms in five winter wheat cultivars
differing in resistance to FHB, after single floret
inoculation with an aggressive isolate of Fusarium
culmorum. After the inoculation in field conditions
the spikes were detached from the plant and kept in
the greenhouse under controlled conditions. High

23
concentrations of DON were detected in susceptible
cultivars at an early stage of pathogenesis (7 days after
inoculation). Over the examined 21-day period and
also at maturity spikes contained more DON than
kernels.While differences in the accumulation of DON
between cultivars were highly expressed already 7 days
after inoculation, differences in symptomatic reactions
were not clear until day 21. Owing to the reported
decisive role of DON at early stages of pathogenesis,
the importance of the proper timing of fungicide
application is highly stressed. (Chrpová J., ·íp V.,
Matûjová E., S˘korová S.)
Fusarium head blight in wheat – its
occurrence and control in the Czech Republic
(MZe âR QG 50076)
Wheat ears suspicious of Fusarium head blight (FHB)
were collected in a three-year period (2003-2005)
in all winter wheat growing regions of the Czech
Republic by the State Phytosanitary Service. It
follows from the sorting of data with respect to year,
region, cultivar, preceding crop and tillage system that
the effects of year and location accounted for 49%
of the variation in DON levels, followed by the effect
of cultivar (34%) and management practices in the
examined crop (17%). Regions highly threatened by
the disease in the particular years were detected
Significantly higher contamination of grain by the
mycotoxin DON was found for the preceding crop
maize and application of reduced tillage. It was
acknowledged that the appropriate application of
protective fungicides would reduce the concentration
of DON by about 50%, however, with delayed
applications and reduced dosage the protection was
found ineffective. Among the cultivars occurring
more frequently (n>15) Nela, Alana, ·árka and Ebi
showed the average DON content lower than 1.25
mg/kg.The “double protection” (consisting in growing
less susceptible cultivars and fungicide treatment)
was evidently needed to control the disease more
effectively. (·íp V., Chrpová J., S˘korová S.,
Matûjová E., Lei‰ová L.).
Resistance of wheat varieties and breeding lines
to the Czech PAV isolate of BYDV (MZe âR
QG50073)
In RICP in Prague-Ruzynû the materials obtained
from CIMMYT and ICARDA programmes
(ALME2YDRES), Chile, Canada, USA and Poland,
together with advanced breeding lines and registered
spring and winter wheat cultivars were tested for
resistance to BYDV. In comparison with previous
studies the obtained results document progress reached
in wheat breeding for resistance to BYDV. New sources
of resistance were detected also in winter wheat
(McCormic, Roane and Tribute). However, a wider
choice of resistant genotypes will offer spring types.
Two spring wheat lines SG-S26-98 and SG-S604-96
and registered variety Leguan were found tolerant. In
a two-year period (2005, 2006) we tested eighteen lines
from CIMMYT (ALME2YDRES) carrying Bdv2 gene
derived from Thinopyrum intermedium. None of these
lines nor the lines TC 14290E, TC 14290J, TC5, TC7
and TC9, which also carry this resistance gene, were
found tolerant to BYDV. However, some other materials
obtained from Canada, Poland and Chile appeared
to be more promising. Breeding lines Kivu-85, QG
2.1, QG 4.37 (Canada), the line SOA217/02 (Poland)
and the varieties Quino-Baes and Bárbaro-B from
Chile were found tolerant or medium tolerant.
(Ve‰krna O., Sedláãek T., Horãiãka P., Chrpová J.,
·íp V., Kundu J. K.)
Comparative study of direct and indirect
evaluation of frost tolerance in barley
(MZe âR 1G57060)
Frost tolerance of 34 barley cultivars and breeding lines
was evaluated by 4 direct (based on the exposure of
plants to frost) and 4 indirect (based on diagnostic traits
and markers) methods. Direct methods: 1/ field survival
after the very cold winter 2002/2003, 2/ winter
survival in a provocation pot test, 3/ and 4/ lethal
temperature (LT50) determined in laboratory freezers
on plants taken from a field in winter (3) or from
a growth chamber following artificial cold hardening (4).
Region showing DON content level > 4 mg/kg
Regions showing DON content level 2 – 4 mg/kg
Delimitation of regions threatened by FHB

24
Indirect methods: 1/ endogenous level of abscissic acid
(ABA), 2/ water content and 3/ osmotic potential of
plants cultivated and hardened in growth chambers,
and 4/ allelic variation at Dhn4 gene in various winter
and spring barley cultivars at the DNA level. A significant
correlation was observed for winter survival of
barley in the provocation pot tests conducted at two
different locations, Prague and LuÏany. Average winter
survival of barley from multi-year pot tests was in
correlation with minimum LT50 evaluated in plants
hardened in fields or growth chambers as well as with
field survival of plants after the cold winter 2002/2003.
The level of ABA slightly increased while water
content and osmotic potential evidently decreased in
all cultivars during cold hardening. An insignificant
correlation was observed between LT50 and ABA
content. A significant correlation between LT50 and
water content, and between LT50 and osmotic
potential was found only when three weeks of cold
hardening of plants were over, since the rate of decline
in these three parameters differed during the cold hardening.
Two different amplification fragments of Dhn4
primers were produced in 5 spring and 4 winter barley
cultivars while only one different fragment was
produced in 3 winter six-row cultivars with the high
frost tolerance potential. (Prá‰il I. T., Prá‰ilová P.,
Mafiík P., Holková L., Kosová K., Chrpová J., ·íp V.,
Chloupek O.)
Evaluation of resistance to Fusarium head
blight in winter wheat varieties registered
in the Czech Republic (COST 1P05OC048)
Fusarium head blight (FHB) belongs to the most harmful
diseases of wheat in many parts of the world. The
response to artificial infection with Fusarium culmorum
was studied in 34 wheat cultivars registered in the
Czech Republic and in the moderately resistant variety
Arina for three years (2004-2006). The highest
resistance to the accumulation of deoxynivalenol
(DON) was detected in the varieties Apache, Samanta,
Simila, Arina, Rheia, Banquet and Alana.The varieties
Biscay, Drifter, Floret, Heroldo and Complet were
found to be highly susceptible. The results of correlation
analyses demonstrated a close relation between
DON content and other characters (visual symptom
score, Fusarium damaged grains, reduction in thousand
grain weight and reduction in grain weight per spike).
A significant positive correlation was also detected
between the contents of DON and zearalenone (ZEA).
(Chrpová J., ·íp V., Matûjová E., S˘korová S.)
Development of methods for the objective
identification of agricultural crop plants
(MZe âR QF 3050)
Using the optimized tuber protein electrophoresis
(UPOV) another 39 registered potato varieties were
characterized in 2006, the electronic library of density
diagrams of electrophoretic patterns was completed
and unknown samples of potatoes were identified.The
new registered wheat and barley varieties which are
listed in the Czech State Standard or recommended
by international organizations (ISTA, UPOV) were
characterized and identified by wheat and barley
storage protein electrophoresis.The created databases of
electrophoretic patterns of wheat gliadins and HMW
glutenin subunits and barley hordeins and esterases
were innovated and completed. Electrophoretic
patterns of 158 potato varieties, 99 wheat varieties and
89 barley varieties (registered and unregistered) are
saved in electronic databases at this time. Optimized
methodology of protein electrophoresis for the identification
of barley varieties was worked out and
published on the web. Agronomic and technological
values of protein lines isolated from the model set
of Czech registered polymorphic wheat and barley
varieties were compared. The check of variety purity
and variety trueness of commercial wheat and barley
samples from the crop 2005 was carried out by storage
protein electrophoresis. 58% of wheat samples and 66%
of barley samples were uniform and they agreed with
the variety declaration. (Bradová J. et al.)
Study of the nutritive value of grain in
different cereal species and types for intensive
feeding of highly-productive ruminants (MZe
âR QF3133, co-operation with Agricultural
Research Institute in KromûfiíÏ, Ltd.)
The aim of the study is to acquire the fundamental
design of classification and to formulate the rules of
optimum utilization of different cereal species and
types in the systems of intensive ruminant breeding. In
RICP the characterization and check of homogeneity
of wheat, barley and triticale were done by protein
genetic marker electrophoresis. The relation of gliadin
and glutenin alleles of evaluated winter wheat varieties
to selected characters was studied with respect to the
feeding quality of grains. (In RICP Bradová J. et al.)
Development and testing of the system
of analytical methods for practical
characterization of potato cultivars registered
in the Czech Republic (MZe âR 1B44011,
co-operation with University of South Bohemia
in âeské Budûjovice)
The aim of this project is to develop and to test the
system of molecular biological methods (cultivar
profiles of proteins, isozymes and DNA markers) for
practical characterization of potato cultivars registered
in the Czech Republic. The valid legal regulations
(Act No. 110/1997 and Decree No. 157/2003) require
the guarantee of cultivar declaration for table potatoes
in commercial relations. Supervisory authorities need
a convenient tool the genotype identification and
verification of cultivar declaration. In RICP tuber
proteins (patatins), esterase and peroxidase isoenzymes
were studied as potato genetic markers by using two
different modifications of PAGE. The profiles of
patatins and esterases of 35 and peroxidases of 88
(out of 150 cultivars in total) registered cultivars were
made up, the catalogue of the REM values and the
matrix of identity indexes were compiled. Optimized
methodology of PAGE for potato tuber esterases
and peroxidases was worked out and published on the
web. Peroxidase alleles were easily readable (genetic
interpretation).All studied cultivars were different from
each other. (In RICP S˘korová S., Matûjová E.)
National reference laboratory of protein
electrophoresis
The laboratory carried out electrophoretic genetic
analyses, control tests and complex studies of genotype
composition of breeding materials, seed and commer-

25
cial seed of wheat, barley and potatoes. In 2006 a set of
comparative electrophoretic analyses of potato tuber
proteins was realized. The experiments were done in
RICP and in Potato Research Institute in HavlíãkÛv
Brod. Both laboratories achieved consistent results.
Analyses of wheat and barley samples were done in
2006 in order to check the variety declaration using
storage protein (gliadins and hordeins) electrophoresis.
Several paid expertises were realized by request.
(S˘korová S., Bradová J.)
Department of Molecular Biology
Study and utilisation of biodiversity, genetic
mechanisms and new methods with the aim
to improve the biological potential of cultivars
and sustainable development of agriculture
(MZe âR 0002700602)
Phase 3: Methods for improving the storability
of seeds and plant parts of vegetatively
propagated crops
Development and utilisation of effective methods of
preservation of plant germplasm resources – seed and
explants.
Eleven cultivars of Vitis sp. were introduced into
conditions in vitro. Differential scanning calorimetric
measurements of dormant grapevine shoots were
carried out to determine the freezing of water in
dormant buds. It was concluded that the freezing of
buds consisted of three exothermic events although
only one endotherm was found during heating. The
obtained results were used to propose the optimal
temperature limits for the first step of dormant bud
cryopreservation by the slow cooling method. A new
method for the regeneration of apple dormant buds by
chip budding was evaluated. The influence of the size
and desiccation procedure of shoot tips from in vitro
potato cultures on water content and time necessary to
achieve the optimal dehydration of shoot tips was
studied. 42 Allium genotypes were introduced into conditions
in vitro.The dependence of the dehydration level
of Allium shoot tips on the glass transition was defined.
Seeds of selected crop plants harvested in previous seasons
were analysed. After the application of natural compounds
the seeds were evaluated on the basis of germination
and laboratory defined germination in order to
quantify the influence of environment and treatment on
their storability. Calorimetric determination of seed
energy, chemical analysis, and measurement of the
amount of phytohormones (auxins, cytokinins and
abscissic acid) were performed. (Zámeãník J., Bilavãík
A., Faltus M., Bláha L., Jandurová O.)
Phase 4: Characterisation and development
of new genotypes of cultivated species by
molecular biology approaches
The development, optimisation and validation of
methods that are suitable for effective characterisation
of the structure and function of plant genome are main
goals of the project. New approaches may allow more
effective characterisation of genotype and genetic
resources. They can further be used for the improvement
of cultivated species.
In-house developed cDNA based DNA arrays were
fully optimised in 2006. In total 386 probes corresponding
to the genes expressed after cold stress in barley
plants cloned into the plasmids were amplified, purified
and set up to appropriate concentrations. Probes were
spotted on a glass support and hybridised with
Cy3/Cy5 labelled RNA isolated from leaves and
crowns of cold stressed barley cultivars. After washing,
scanning, appropriate scaling and normalisation up and
down regulated genes were identified. Differences
between cultivars and tissues were identified.
Wild Allium species were analysed by AFLP. MseI x
EcoRI restriction enzymes were used prior to preselective
and selective amplifications. In total 12 selective
fluorescently labelled primer pairs were used to amplify
236 polymorphic signals, i.e. 19 polymorphic signals per
primer combination. Similarity matrices were calculated
and data were processed in STATISTICA program to
perform cluster analysis.The respective dendrogram was
drawn. PCA and dendrogram divided the genotypes
according to the species and place of origin.
PC software that allows easy identification of
reliable markers was developed, validated and the
program is ready for users. (Ovesná J., Svejkovská B.,
Mal˘ M., Lei‰ová L., Kuãera L., Stavûlíková H.,
Udavská H., Pouchová V.)
Example of cold stressed barley RNA analysis by in-house
developed DNA array (a) raw scan of the array (b) data
processing resulting in cold regulated genes identification
(author M. Malý)

26
Development and validation of a method
for food quality analysis (MZe âR 1B44068)
The project aims to develop an effective tool for highthroughput
genotyping and identification of plant
material.An approach based on DNA arrays technologies
may allow the identification of numerous genes
of plant species (preferentially on the basis of allelic
discrimination) or detection of several alleles in
thousands of samples. In 2006 we aimed to provide
more information on the variability of GBSSI (granule
bound starch synthase) underlying gene that drives the
type of starch grains in wheat and related species.After
the amplification of GBSSI fragments from different
Triticeae species the respective products were cloned.
In total 120 clones were sequenced and compared.
We detected a new polymorphism in the old wheat
cultivar Stepowa. DNA sequence in the modern
cultivar Nelly was identical to that published for
cv. Chinese Spring. DNA sequences detected in wild
related species were found to be polymorphic. Lr genes
were amplified and prepared as probes for DNA arrays.
Besides, the optimisation of individual steps for the use
of DNA arrays continued. (Ovesná J., Nguyen M.,
Kuãera L., Tomková L., Svejkovská B.)
Development and application of DNA
microarray technology for a large-scale system
of gene and genotype identification
(MZe âR 1G46068)
Within the project we optimise individual steps
necessary in a high-throughput gene detection system.
The optimised procedure should be used to detect
food contaminants effectively. We use DNA arrays
technologies for the detection of specific alleles.
In 2006 we amplified and cloned DNA probes
corresponding to specific transgenes in GMOs
approved in the EU. Subsequently, recombinant
plasmids were transformed into E. coli and preserved
for subsequent use in a deep freezer. They are used as
a source of plasmids and template for amplicon multiplication
by PCR. Several approaches were tested for
the preparation of probes that are spotted on the glass.
Glasses with arrayed probes were hybridised with
assayed DNA. Plasmids, specific PCR products were
labelled with Cy3 and Cy5 fluorescent dye and used
for hybridisation. Different hybridisation conditions
were tested along with the probe type. Sensitivity of
the assay was increased.The project will continue using
another approach to label the analyte. (Ovesná J.,
Hodek J., Kuãera L., Vi‰tejnová L., Pouchová V.,
Demnerová K.)
Selection of garlic clones comprising a high
level of biologically active compound
precursors (MZe âR 1G58084)
Garlic belongs to one of the oldest cultivated plant
species. In the long history of mankind garlic has been
used as a culinary and medicinal species. Garlic (Allium
sativum L.) is a vegetatively propagated species and the
progeny resulting from intended crossing can be
obtained with obstacles. Therefore genetic resources
(GR) are a valuable wealth representing available
biodiversity, i.e. genes/alleles for future breeding programmes.The
gene bank of RICP in Prague maintains
one of the largest collections of short-day garlic. The
main aim of the project is to develop tools for highthroughput
characterisation of garlic (A. sativum)
genetic resources by sequencing and RNA profiling.
In the first year the overall variability of the
collection was analysed and available information on
O-acetylserine(thiol)-lyase EC 2.5.1.47 coding
sequence was gathered. Primers were designed and the
reaction was optimised to amplify sequences from
different sources. (Ovesná J., Mitrová K., Kuãera L.,
Velí‰ek J., Králová J.)
Study of selected factors influencing
the adventitious presence of unwanted GMO
and biodiversity in the context of the
coexistence of genetically modified, conventional
and ecological crops (MZe âR 1B53047)
In 2006 different DNA based marker systems were
investigated for haplotyping of E. repens and E. intermedium.
In total 46 accessions from Moravian and
Bohemian regions were characterised. Acquired input
information on couch-grass biodiversity in monitored
areas will contribute to the optimisation of agricultural
systems.The project is also focused on the monitoring
of changes in farming practices on a set of farms
once GM crops are commercialised. The aim of the
project is to look into technical possibilities of spatial
isolation of genetically modified crops in selected areas
of the Czech Republic. Acquired data can be used
when the Good Agricultural Practice dealing with the
release and monitoring of genetically modified crops is
being put in practice. Outputs of the project will help
to observe the legislative precautions and recommendations.
(Kuãera L., Kuãerová D., Ovesná J.,
Hanu‰ová M., Hodek J.)
The use of polymorphism of cereal genome
repetitive regions for characterisation of gene
resources and breeding materials (MZe âR
1G57064)
The project is focused on the investigation and
application of a new generation of molecular markers
for the characterisation of genetic resources and breeding
materials of wheat and barley.The markers use the
polymorphic potential of transposable element
sequences and they are developed for the scanning of
genome regions abundant in genes, mainly the regions
with R-genes and with genes influencing product
quality.The new sets of primers for haplotyping of the
barley Rht7 locus and primers for the detection of
inter-MITE polymorphism and inverted repeats of DNA
sequences were tested on 101 different genotypes of
H. vulgare. (Kuãera L., Lei‰ová L., Tomková H.
Hanu‰ová M., Ovesná J.)
Establishment of a cryobank for the
conservation of potato and hop apices
(MZe âR QF 3039)
The goal of this project is to store selected potato
cultivars of Czech origin and important hop genotypes
in liquid nitrogen.The keepers of the crop germplasms
– Potato Research Institute in HavlíãkÛv Brod
and Hop Research Institute in Îatec provide the
multiplication of in vitro plants and evaluation of
selected genotypes. The cryopreservation methods
and cryostorage of plant material are performed in
RICP in Prague. In 2006, fifteen potato cultivars
and fifteen hop genotypes were cryopreseved by

27
a preculture-desiccation method and deposited in the
cryobank. Average plant survival in the tested potato
cultivars after cryopreservation was 65% and average
plant regeneration was 23%. The highest plant regeneration
was 40% in cultivar ‘Oslava’ and the lowest
10% in cultivars ‘Jara’ and ‘Rita’. On average, hop
shoot tip survival was 70% and hop plant regeneration
was 36%. The highest plant regeneration after
cryopreservation was 60% in clone no. 7100 and the
lowest was 25% in clones no. 11772, 12847 and
12859. The information about cryopreservation of
individual genotypes was recorded into the Plant
Genetic Resources Documentation Database. (Faltus
M., Bilavãík A., Zámeãník J., Domkáfiová J.,
Horáãková V., Ptáãek J., Svoboda P., Patzak J.,
Nesvatba V.)
Influence of abiotic stresses on the physiology
of winter wheat sprouting plants
(MZe âR QF 3056)
The application of 24-epibrassinolide has a positive
effect on the germination percentage in standard and
also in stressed environment for sprouting plants – i.e.
in the simulation of soil conditions with serial dehydration
The application of 24-epibrassinolide has a substantial
effect on the contamination of seeds by spores of
fungi. The application of 24-epibrassinolide decreases
the contamination by fungi in EBI and Estica while
hardly any effect was found in Samanta. (Bláha L.,
Hniliãka F., Kadlec P., Smrãková-Jankovská P.,
Macháãková I., Sychrová E., Kohout L.)
Dehydration and glassy state formation
in biological objects (GA âR 522/04/0384)
Theoretic and thermodynamic rules of glass formation
in general as well as in biological systems were studied.
Model state diagrams were drawn up for sucrose as the
most widespread natural cryoprotective compound in
biological samples and in cryoprotective mixtures. It
was proved that the sucrose/water system freezes even
during slow cooling to disequilibrium and during the
heating of this system glass transitions, ice thawing and
sucrose thawing appear. In the studied protein solution,
water crystallization that probably relates to the
antifreeze activity of protein was inhibited. Glass transitions
and endothermic changes in biological samples
could be separated by the combination of modulated
differential scanning calorimetry, quasi-isothermal
modulated differential scanning calorimetry, and
differential scanning calorimetry with different heating
rates, thermogravimetry and dilatometry. Based on the
state diagrams, phase transitions were predicted and
compared with the values measured in the range from
–90° to -10° C in multicomponent plant systems
(shoot tips of potato, hop, grapevine, garlic, and seeds of
vegetables). Changes taking place in seeds during their
storage at low temperatures were elucidated by the
used thermal techniques. Different activation energies
during the dehydration of vegetable seeds with
different germination were found. Calorimetric
measurements of apple buds help to define the formed
biological glass and its stability during cryopreservation.The
critical water content of dormant apple buds
necessary for glass formation was 0.2 g H2O/g dry
matter. At this dehydration level ice crystallization is
prevented. (Zámeãník J., Bilavãík A., Faltus M.,
Faberová I., Skládal V., ·esták J., Sikora A.,
âerno‰ková E.)
Study of the variability of Pyrenophora fungi
in the Czech Republic (GA âR 521/06/1544)
Every year leaf blotches on cereals cause considerable
economic losses.The fungi of the genus Pyrenophora are
among the causal agents. The aim of the project is to
study the genetic variability of Pyrenophora teres and
Pyrenophora tritici-repentis isolates obtained from different
locations of the Czech Republic regarding their
morphological and physiological characters. In 2006,
attention was paid to the ranking of isolates into races
based on the presence of their so called toxin genes.
The results showed that race 1 is dominant in the
Czech Republic. The resistance of winter wheat
and barley cultivars grown in the Czech Republic to
P. tritici-repentis and P. teres was tested in greenhouse
conditions. The variability of P. tritici-repentis isolates
was studied on the DNA level using AFLP methodology.
A low level of genetic diversity was found
regardless of the race spectrum, considerable geographic
distance (âR, SR, USA, Russia, Canada and
Argentina) or year of collection.The results have been
processed for publication. (Lei‰ová L., Udavská H.,
Minafiíková V.)
Exploitation of DNA arrays and bioinformatics
in food safety studies (M·MT âR COST926
1P05O54)
Exploitation of high-throughput technologies for food
safety and evaluation of the impact of health promoting
compounds on human health. In the first year
of the project in silico evaluation of the importance of
health promoting compounds from Brassica species was
done. Brassicaceae are valuable sources of health promoting
compounds and may have remarkable impacts
on public health. Parallelly a model experiment was
conducted focused on the availability of model tissues
or cells and modern technologies such as DNA arrays.
We optimised RNA extraction and isolation from cell
suspensions and their evaluation was done using DNA
chips. The experiments will continue in 2007.
(Ovesná J., Mal˘ M., Svejkovská B.)
Characterisation of genes encoding for
enzymes participating in the biosynthesis
of biologically active compounds
(M·MT âR, 1P05O55 COST924)
Bioavailability of health promoting compounds in
plants (mainly in vegetables and fruits) is the main goal
of Action COST 924.
Within the project we studied the variability of the
genes coding for enzymes involved in the biosynthetic
pathway of ASCO (sulphur-containing amino acids).
Sequences of aliinase, the key enzyme converting
ASCO into biologically active compounds, were
amplified, cloned and sequenced. Amplification products
specific to four garlic genotypes were selected
representing the basic types of garlic A. sativum var.
sativum, A. sativum var. longiscupis and A. sativum var.
ophioscordon, from different regions (Czech Republic,
Austria and former Soviet Union) and periods of
registration (old landrace, new cultivars). Sequencing
revealed intron/exon variability. SNPs were identified

28
and a high-throughput method based on capillary electrophoresis
exploiting fluorescent dideoxyNTP final
extension was optimised. (Ovesná J., Mitrová K.,
Kuãera L.)
The use of Genomics and Genetic Engineering
for Identification and Development of Plant
Genotypes Suitable for Environment
Bioremediation (M·MT âR, National
Programme of Research II, 2B06187)
A number of plant species is able to withstand soil
contaminations. The plants are able to accumulate or
degrade soil pollutants. It is possible to utilise these
properties to clean contaminated soils. Better understanding
of plant metabolism and its effective use for
phytoremediation are the main aims of the project
carried out in five collaborating institutions.
The RICP team studies S. officinalis and A. thaliana
responses to environmental stresses. The nitrate
reductase gene structure in a tolerant variety of
S. officinalis is studied. A. thaliana response is evaluated
on the transcriptome level. (Ovesná J.,Tom‰íková I.,
·tastná K., Kuãera L.)
Reference Laboratory for GMO Detection
and DNA Fingerprinting (MZe âR)
“Reference Laboratory for GMO Detection and DNA
Fingerprinting” operates in accordance with EU
Regulations No. 882/2004 and No. 1829/2003. The
Laboratory was re-accredited according to ISO CSN
EN IEC 17025:2005 in 2006.The Laboratory fulfilled
the tasks of the Ministry of Agriculture – GMO
monitoring, method development, gathering
corresponding information from the EU.The Laboratory
assists the Community Reference Laboratory
(participation in EU validation studies) and collaborates
with the European network of GMO laboratories.The
national net was established and information exchange
began. Reference material was collected and put into
a deep freezer for long-term preservation. For the
Ministry of Environment plasmid standards provided
by ENGL were evaluated for their possible use. Also,
plant material was analysed for control purposes for the
Czech Inspectorate of Environment. The Laboratory
participates in working groups of ENGL (thresholds,
plasmid standards, uncertainty estimates). The Laboratory
participated in the EU tender and based on it the
Laboratory was selected as one of the partner laboratories
of EU JRC IRMM Geel, Belgium, to carry out
GMO validation studies. (Ovesná J., Kuãera L.,
Hodek J., Pouchová V., Pavlátová L.)
Department of Applied Genetics
Study and utilisation of biodiversity, genetic
mechanisms and new methods with the aim
to improve the biological potential of cultivars
and sustainable development of agriculture
(MZe âR 0002700602)
Phase 6: Study of the effect of genes controlling
important agronomic traits and development
of genetically defined materials for improvement
of the biological potential of selected crops
Study of genetic systems of autosterility, disease resistance
and quality in Brassica crops Further potential
donors of disease resistance, self-sterility and specific
seed quality traits in winter rapeseed and Brassica
vegetables were selected. Doubled haploids (DH) from
four F 1 rapeseed hybrids of self-incompatibility (SI)
and 00 quality donors were evaluated by seed-set test
and molecular analysis of SLG gene for SI degree.The
progenies of nine SI plants were grown for subsequent
testing of SI stability and seed quality. DH regenerants
were derived from BC 6 generation of hybrids of fertility
restorers (Rf) for CMS Shaan 2A and quality
donors to stabilize Rf reliability and 00 character.
Microspore regenerants from seven F1 hybrids of
selected cultivars of head cabbage with cv. Tolero as
a donor of resistance against Plasmodiophora brassicae
were derived for development of DH lines. The seed
generation of microspore regenerants originating from
kohlrabi cv. Moravia, Luna and Strinke was evaluated.
Protoplasts from B. oleracea var. botrytis cv. Siria and B.
napus DH line were cultivated on a modified medium
with 2% glucose, 0.25 mg/l 2,4-D, 1 mg/l BAP and
1 mg/l NAA.The frequency of dividing cells was 80%
in B. oleracea and 50% in B. napus. Organogenesis was
achieved on the medium (1 mg/l NAA, 0.02 mg/l
GA 3 and 1 mg/l 2iP) with 2% sucrose and 0.8% agar.
Regeneration frequency of calli in B. oleracea was
69-75% and in B. napus 2-3%. More than 100
B. oleracea regenerants produced normal curds and set
seeds. In vitro clones of B. carinata cv. Dodolla and BC
6 line were tested for protoplast viability and division
frequency. In all genotypes, the cell divisions and
microcallus development were observed. (Kuãera V.,
Vyvadilová M., Klíma M.)
Research and utilization of genetic systems controlling
resistance to important diseases of cereals
In the cultivars registered in 2006 specific leaf rust
resistance was found in cvs. Etela, Florett and Sakura. In
the prospective cultivars specific leaf rust resistance was
determined in cvs. Anduril, Barryton and Mulan. In
field trials the ranking of cultivars starting from the
most resistant was as follows: Florett, Anduril, Simila,
Mulan, Dromos, Eurofit, Bohemia, Buteo, Sakura,
Etela, Raduza, Barryton. Specific stem rust resistance
was observed in cvs. Etela, Eurofit and Mulan. Field
resistance to yellow rust was observed in all tested
cultivars.
The highest powdery mildew severity was observed
in cv. Kanzler. In the group of resistant cultivars cv.
Ramiro displayed a higher disease level than Rexia and
Mikon. The disease increase in the susceptible cv.
Kanzler continued till the last evaluation whereas after
the second evaluation the increase was low or did not
continue at all in partially resistant cultivars Ramiro
and Mikon. In cv.Vlasta the disease increase was very
slow; it was the most resistant cultivar. (Hanzalová A.,
Barto‰ P., Dumalasová V.,Vûchet L.)
Study of important genes and creation of wheat lines
with defined genes for their utilization in genetic
improvement of wheat
Further crosses were carried out to obtain more
advanced generations of wheat substitution and recombinant
lines with genes controlling growth habit and
earliness (vrn, ppd, eps, Q). They were followed by

29
cytological checks of the aneuploid constitution of
monosomic materials, another glasshouse generation of
self-pollination and molecular checks of chromosome
substitutions using SSR markers of DNA were done.
The presence of chromosome substitutions was
confirmed in the substitution lines Mironovskaya 808
(Bezostaya 1 5A), Bezostaya 1 (Mironovskaya 808 5A),
Mironovskaya 808 (Bezostaya 1 5B) and Bezostaya 1
(Mironovskaya 808 5B). These lines were used in the
study of the relationship between vernalization
response under the presence of recessive genes vrn-1
and frost resistance. (Pánková K., Milec Z.)
Phase 7: Study of wheat rust populations,
powdery mildew and common bunt
During the 2006 vegetation period 72 isolates of leaf
rust from 23 localities were obtained and tested on
NILs with Lr genes (Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2b, Lr2c, Lr3, Lr9,
Lr11, Lr15, Lr17, Lr19, Lr21, Lr24, Lr26, Lr28, Lr37).
No virulence was found on NILs possessing Lr9 and
Lr19 and Lr24.
Gene for % virulent Gene for % virulent
resistance isolates resistance isolates
Lr 1 12 Lr 15 70
Lr 2a 15 Lr 17 66
Lr 2b 25 Lr 19 0
Lr 2c 70 Lr 21 91
Lr 3 94 Lr 23 86
Lr 9 0 Lr 24 0
Lr 10 95 Lr 26 72
Lr 11 92 Lr 28 12
In a field test with an inoculated spreader the resistance
of newly registered cultivars and advanced lines to
stem rust, yellow rust and leaf rust was tested.The results
were compared with greenhouse tests. Main attention
was paid to leaf rust. Most accessions possessing genes for
specific leaf rust resistance were susceptible in field tests.
The cultivar Batis was susceptible to all tested leaf rust
isolates in the greenhouse but resistant in the field.
In the field trials reactions of 30 cultivars and advanced
lines of winter wheat, 12 cultivars of winter triticale
and 3 cultivars of winter barley were tested for resistance
to common bunt. Seed was inoculated with
a mixture of Tilletia tritici and T. laevis. A low disease
level was observed in 11 winter wheat cultivars and
lines. No bunt occurred on cvs. Magnifik, Tommi,
Trintella and line SW 51136. Average bunt incidence
below 5% was determined in cvs. Globus, Mikon and
Stava. In cultivars Bill, Lars and Tarso average bunt in
cidence did not exceed 10%. Of the tested triticale cv.
Ticimo had 0.4% bunted ears, cv. Triamant 2%, other
10 triticale cultivars had no bunt infection. On winter
barley after inoculation common bunt was not
observed.
In the field experiments the resistance of newly
registered cultivars and advanced lines to powdery
mildew was tested but the occurrence of powdery
mildew was very low in consequence of high temperatures
in that year (2003, mainly in June). During the
vegetation period 20 isolates of powdery mildew were
obtained and tested on differential varieties with different
Pm genes (Pm1; Pm2; Pm3a; Pm3b; Pm3c; Pm4a;
Pm4b; Pm5; Pm6; Pm8; Pm17; Pm2, 6; Pm2, 4b, 8;
Pm3d; Pm7; Pm1, 2, 9).Tests of the resistance of wheat
cultivars to Septoria tritici blotch on leaf segments were
started. Resistance of the tested cultivars fluctuated
with used isolates of the pathogen.The effectiveness of
inductors of systemic acquired resistance to powdery
mildew in wheat was examined. All used inductors
except salicylic acid induced resistance to powdery
mildew. (Hanzalová A., Barto‰ P., Dumalasová V.,
Vûchet L.)
Utilization of innovated methods and specific
breeding materials to increase the effectiveness
of production of new winter rapeseed cultivars
(Project MZe âR 1G46061)
About 1 600 new doubled haploid (DH) regenerants
from F1 initial materials for the breeding of line and
hybrid cultivars were developed. Advanced DH lines
were evaluated in location trials and they yielded 90.46
–100.09% in comparison with standard cultivars.
Eleven reliable restorers of fertility (Rf) for CMS
Ogu-INRA with improved 00 quality were selected.
The method of DNA markers for fatty acid assessment
showed a high correlation coefficient for linolic acid
with the standard method of gas chromatography.
DNA analysis of self-incompatible (SI) plants based on
PCR RFLP was found to be reliable for the detection
of SI genotypes. Three F1 hybrids of CMS Shaan 2A
lines with cv. Californium were obtained by means of
honeybees as pollinators in isolation cages.
Calibration equations for a laboratory instrument
Foss-NIRSystem 6500 were developed for the assessment
of oleic, linolic and linolenic acid content.
Molecular SCAR marker for the detection of fertility
restorers (Rf) for Ogu-INRA has been successfully
verified.
Based on field and laboratory testing several sets of
breeding materials with different susceptibility to
important pathogens were created and included in field
trials.Ten advanced DH lines were included in location
performance trials. (Kuãera V., Vyvadilová M.,
Klíma M.)
Utilization of a protoplast fusion technique
in the breeding of important cultivated crops
of the genera Brassica, Cucumis and Solanum
(MZe âR QF4108)
Haploid (H) and doubled haploid (DH) regenerants
derived from 3 cultivars of B. juncea (Domo, Opaleska,
RLM 619) and B. carinata genotype BC11 are cultured
in vitro as a source of protoplasts. Interspecific chemical
fusions were carried out between DH B. carinata x DH
OP-1 B. napus and H B. carinata x H B. juncea cv.
Domo. Division of protoplasts and shoot regeneration
were achieved in all fusion combinations. Regenerants
from fusions between mesophyll protoplasts of DH B.
carinata and hypocotyl protoplasts of DH OP-1 B. napus
are prepared for laboratory and greenhouse evaluation.
Whole plants were also developed after the protoplast

30
fusion of Brassica carinata BC1 x Brassica rapa subsp.
oleifera f. praecox 31/96. Preliminary flow cytometry
analyses showed a high rate of somatic hybrids (85%).
Further morphological and cytological analyses will be
performed after the subcultivation of regenerants to
greenhouse conditions. (Vyvadilová M., Klíma M.)
Sources of resistance and innovation
of selection methods for breeding for multiplex
resistance to the main wheat and oat leaf
diseases (MZe âR 1G58083)
The topic was investigated in cooperation with the
research centre SELTON. Resistance of wheat to the
following pathogens: Puccinia triticina, P. striiformis, P.
graminis, Blumeria graminis, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis,
Mycosphaerella graminicola and resistance of oats to
Puccinia coronata f.sp. avenae were studied. Ring tests
with single pathogens were carried out at several
locations. These tests enabled to determine multiplex
resistance. Resistance was also studied in greenhouse
tests on seedlings and on detached leaves. In these
tests resistance to rusts, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and
Mycosphaerella graminicola was studied.
Pathotypes of wheat leaf rust and oat crown rust, as
well as of Mycosphaerella graminicola were studied and
total virulence of powdery mildew was determined on
a set of differentials.
The comparison of the greenhouse and field tests
enabled to distinguish resistance effective during the
whole ontogenesis from the adult plant resistance.
According to reactions of cultivars to a set of selected
pathotypes the translocation 1BL.1RS possessing
resistance genes Lr26, Sr31,Yr9 and Pm8 as well as the
translocation from Aegilops ventricosa carrying resistance
genes Lr 37, Sr38, Yr17 were postulated in several
registered winter wheat cultivars. (Hanzalová A.,
Barto‰ P., Dumalasová V.,Vûchet L., Klenová H.)
Genetic, physiologic and molecular analysis
of a novel flowering time gene in wheat
(GA âR 521/05/0257)
The development of plants of spring cultivar Zlatka
and of its substitution line Zlatka (âP3B) grown in the
short day (10 hours photoperiod, RICP shaded field
plots) was checked repeatedly to complete information
on the earliest stages where different dynamics of main
spike differentiation due to the chromosome 3B substitution
had been observed.
SSR molecular fingerprinting of the Zlatka (Zlatka
3B/ CP 3B) single chromosome recombinant F3 lines
was carried out to develop a further comprehensive
map of the chromosome 3B. The acquired data were
processed using computer software available at JIC to
develop a new genetic map of chromosome 3B and to
compare it with the previous map developed using the
Sandra (Sandra 3B/CP 3B) single chromosome recombinant
population map, and other 3B maps available at
the JIC based on the recombinant doubled haploid
populations of UK winter wheats Spark x Rialto and
Charger x Badger.The genetic maps were all co-linear
and indicated that the genetic maps available of the CP
3B chromosomes should provide sufficient coverage to
map the genes for flowering time and other traits.Two
markers were common between the Zlatka /CP 3B
and Sandra /CP 3B, which should also enable the
aligning of QTL data – see Figure. (Pánková K.,
Prá‰il I., DoleÏel J., Snape J. W.)
Advanced techniques in obtaining and
processing crops research results (Leonardo,
the project of mobility, CZ/06/A/PL/134148)
The substitution and recombinant substitution lines
which were the focus of the genetical analysis experiments
carried out by the trainee were derived from
a range of chromosome substitution lines developed in
RICP, Ruzynû, Prague. The first task was to monitor
the validity of historic collections maintained in RICP
through the use of molecular markers.The second task
was to carry out a large experiment to study variation
in the flowering time of F3 recombinant lines derived
from Sandra (CP 3B).An experiment under controlled
conditions was established in a controlled environment
room, and phenotypic analysis of flowering time and
other characters was carried out. Additionally, samples
were collected which were used for DNA extraction to
develop and check the genetic map of the 3B chromosome.
The genetic map and phenotypic data were
combined to carry out QTL analysis to locate quantitative
trait loci for flowering time and other traits.
(Pánková K., Milec Z., Snape J. W.)
Comparative
maps of wheat
chromosome 3B

31
STAFF OF THE DIVISION
Ing. Ladislav Dotlaãil, CSc. (Head of the Division)
Jitka Hourová (Personal Secretary)
DEPARTMENT OF GENE BANK
Ing. Zdenûk Stehno, CSc. (Head of the Dept.)
Milena Aulická
Ing. Jan Bém
Jaroslava Dotlaãilová
Ing.Václav Dvofiáãek, Ph.D.
Mgr. Iva Faberová
Ing. Jifií Hermuth
Ing.Vojtûch Holubec, CSc.
Ing. Dagmar Janovská
Milan Ko‰afi
Michaela Martínková
Marie Marxová
Jarmila Pa‰ková
Ing. Eva Pelichová
Alena Po‰tová, Bc.
Martin Procházka
Jana Ráli‰ová
Petra Zábranská
Emanuela Zabuìková
Workplace Olomouc
Ing. K. Du‰ek, CSc. (Head of the workplace)
Anna Calábková
Ing. Elena Du‰ková
Libu‰e Golová
Ing.Vûra Chytilová
Ing. Katefiina Karlová, Ph.D.
Drahomíra Kocmánková
Vlasta Koãí
Ing. J. Losík
Jan Militk˘
Vlasta Schubertová
Vûra Sklenáfiová
Ing. Helena Stavûlíková, Ph.D.
Jarmila Vyhnánková
DEPARTMENT OF PLANT BREEDING
METHODS
Ing.Václav ·íp, CSc. (Head of the Dept.)
·árka Bártová
Marie Berová
Ing. Ladislav Bláha, CSc.
Ing. Jana Bradová
Mgr. Lucie Davidová
J. Dvofiák
Ing. Jana Chrpová, CSc.
RNDr. Eva Matûjová
Jan Matou‰ek
Ing. Ludmila Papou‰ková
RNDr. Ilja Prá‰il, CSc.
Ing. Pavla Prá‰ilová
Mgr.TaÈána Sumíková
Mgr. Svûtlana S˘korová, CSc.
Mgr. Pavel Vítámvás
Marie Vlãková
DEPARTMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
RNDr. Jaroslava Ovesná,CSc.
RNDr. Alois Bilavãík, Ph.D.
Ing. Milo‰ Faltus, Ph.D.
Markéta Hanu‰ová
Mgr. Jan Hodek
Mgr. David Cháb
Bc. Petra Koucká
Ing. L. Kuãera, CSc.
Ing. Dagmar Kuãerová
Mgr. Leona Lei‰ová
Bc. Michal Mal˘
Mgr. Lucie Pavlátová
Katefiina Pe‰ková
Ing.Vladimíra Pouchová
Mgr. Jana Rulcová
Ing. Blanka Svejkovská
Ing. Kamila ·tastná
Ing. Lenka Tomková
Mgr. Iva Tom‰íková
Hana Udavská
Mgr. Petra Wildová
Ing. Jifií Zámeãník, CSc.
(Head of the Dept.)
DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED GENETICS
Ing.Vratislav Kuãera, CSc. (Head of the Dept.)
Ing. Pavel Barto‰, DrSc.
Bc. Petra Barto‰ová
RNDr.Veronika Dumalasová, Ph.D.
Martina Fajferová
SoÀa Fajmanová
Mgr. Alena Hanzalová
Ing. Miroslav Klíma
Jitka Hanzlíková
Ing. Zdenûk Milec
Radoslava Ondra‰íková
Mgr. Katefiina Pánková
Jaroslav ·rámek
Václava Stfiesková
Ing. Lubomír Vûchet, CSc.
Ing. Miroslava Vyvadilová, CSc.