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JEWISHLIVING IN Marseille, Marseille, the secondbiggest city in France, is home to about 75,000 Jews, out of a total population of 850,000. Today, the vast majority of the Jews are Sephardic immigrants from the countries of North Africa. In general, France has the largest Jewish population in all of Europe. If the Jewish community of Marseille had to be characterized in one word, that word would be warm. People are generally polite, kind, and friendly. Although it is not a wealthy community, it isn’t poor either. Fortunately, extreme poverty is rare, because the law sets a minimum income for each individual. According to the deputy chief rabbi of the city, Rabbi Shmuel Hatuel, the munity of Marseille, which enjoys a high of categorization into sectors is not comprehensible to the Jews of Marseille. Everyone converges together around their Jewishness, and it is unimportant to them 36 AMI MAGAZINE // DECEMBER 7, 2011 // 11 KISLEV, 5772
France BY NECHAMA MIMOUN Jewish life in Marseille, located in the south of France, is organized around 50 synagogues, seven schools, three kollelim, a yeshiva ketana, a yeshiva gedola, and two retirement homes. Most of the institutions are under Sephardic supervision, with the exception of the kollelim, two schools, and the yeshiva ketana, which are under Litvish supervision. Kosher products are readily available, and there are more than 20 kosher restaurants. About 20 percent of the Jewish population is observant (keeping Shabbos more or less), while two percent would be characterized as bnei Torah. It has been estimated that one third of the primary school-aged Jewish children receive their education in Jewish schools. There are also several Chabad Houses and institutions in the city. In France, the Representative Council of French Jewish Institutions (CRIF—Conseil Representatif des Institutions Juives de France) is the umbrella organization of all Jewish groups. There is also the Consistoire, which looks after the religious needs of the community, such as kashrus, cemetery management, and community repre- Approximately 300 people per year make aliyah to Israel, many of whom are young kollel couples. Unfortunately, there is also a high rate of intermarriage, which is a real challenge for the chief rabbi. Thank G-d, there is no particular problem with anti-Semitism. But like any other place in the world, we do hear of isolated incidents from time to time. Curiously, France has very few Jewish archaeological sites, although the Jewish presence in the country is ancient. Traces of Judaism date back to the 6th century If the Jewish community of Marseille had to be characterized in one word, that word would be warm. B.C.E., when Jewish slaves were brought in for their business acumen. In Marseille, there is one small street that evokes its existence in medieval times: Rue de la Juiverie—Jewry Street. In the Middle Ages the Jewish popula- chachmei Proventzia among them famous rishonim. Marseille was one of several cities in southern France (Bezier, Lunel, Avignon, and Carpentras) that was visited by prestigious meshulachim from Israel such as the Chida. In 1257, the Jews of Marseille were granted equal rights, although they were prohibited from working on non-Jewish holidays. In the 14th century there were three synagogues, a guest house, and a mikvah. Another wave of immigration occurred after the Spanish Inquisition in 1492. 11 KISLEV, 5772 // DECEMBER 7, 2011 // AMI MAGAZINE 37
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